2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号10

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

TheuniquenessoftheJapanesecharacteristheresultoftwoseeminglycontradictoryforces:thestrengthoftraditionsandtheselectivereceptivitytoforeignachievementsandinventions.Asearlyas1860stherewerecountermovementtothetraditionalorientation.OneofthefamousspokesmenofJapan’s“Enlightenment”claimed“theConfuciancivilizationoftheEastseemstometolacktwothingspossessedbyWesterncivilization:scienceinthematerialsphereandasenseofindependenceinthespiritualsphere.”AnotherbreakofrelativeliberalismfollowedWorldWarI,whenthedemocraticidealismofPresidentWoodrowWilsonhadanimportantimpactonJapaneseintellectualsandespeciallystudents;butmoreimportantwastheLeninistideologyofthe1917BolshevikRevolution.Again,intheearly1930s,nationalismandmilitarismbecamedominant.

FollowingtheendofWorldWarII,substantialchangeswereundertakeninJapantoliberatetheindividualfromauthoritarianrestrains.Thenewdemocraticvaluesystemwasacceptedbymanyteachers,students,intellectuals,andoldliberals,butitwasnotimmediatelyembracedbythesocietyasawhole.Japanesetraditionsweredominatedbygroupvalues,andnotionsofpersonalfreedomandindividualrightswereunfamiliar.

Today,democraticprocessesareclearlyevidentinthewidespreadparticipationoftheJapanesepeopleinsocialandpoliticallife.Schooltextbooksemphasizeequalityoverhierarchyandrationalismovertradition;butinpracticethesevaluesareoftenmisinterpretedanddistorted,particularlybytheyouthwhotranslatetheindividualisticandhumanisticgoalsofdemocracyintoegoisticandmaterialisticones.

MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.Animportantfeatureofrelationshipsinmanyinstitutions,includingpoliticalpartiesanduniversitiesis,theoyabun-kobunorparent-childrelation.Thecorrespondingloyaltyoftheindividualtohispatronreinforceshisallegiancetothegrouptowhichtheybothbelong.Awillingnesstocooperatewithothermembersofthegroupandtosupportwithoutqualificationtheinterestsofthegroupinallitsexternalrelationsisstillawidelyrespectedvirtue.Theoyabun-kobuncreatesladdersofmobilitywhichanindividualcanascend,risingasfarasabilitiespermit,solongashemaintainssuccessfulpersonaltieswithasuperiorintheverticalchannel,thelatterrequirementusuallytakingprecedenceoveraneedforexceptionalcompetence.Asaconsequence,thereislittlehorizontalrelationshipbetweenpeoplewiththesameprofession.

1.ThespokesmanofJapan’s“Enlightenment”thoughtthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJapan’scultureistrue?

3.Therelationshipofoyabun-kobuncanbeonebetween（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.thetraditionalcultureshouldbereplacedbywesternmodernization

B.JapaneseoughttoforsaketheConfuciancivilizationoftheEast

C.theConfuciancivilizationinJapanshouldbedominant

D.Japanshouldintroducewesterncivilization

问题2选项

A.SubstantialchangesindemocraticprocesshavetakenplaceduringWorldWarH

B.NowadaysthetraditionalConfucianismisanecessarypartofthesocietyinJapan.

C.TodaytheConfucianismoutweighsthedemocraticvaluesysteminuniversitiesofJapan.

D.ThedemocraticideawasnotacceptedbythesocietyafterWorldWarII.

问题3选项

A.ashopownerandacustomer

B.aCEOandanemployee

C.apoliticianandanopponent

D.ajudgeandalawyer

问题4选项

A.respectforauthorityplaysamoreimportantroleinpromotion

B.westernvalueshaveoverwhelmedtraditionalJapaneseattitudes

C.colleaguesaremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthanbefore

D.mostJapaneseworkersaremembersofasingleparty

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句“Ohespiritualsphere.’”日本“启蒙运动”的一位著名发言人宣称：“在我看来，东方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所拥有的两样东西：物质领域的科学和精神领域的独立意识。”也就是说，他认为日本应该引进西方文明，选项D符合原文。

2.选项A应该是一战后，所以不正确；选项C明显错误;根据第二段第二句“Thenewdemocratic...thesocietyasawhole.”可知选项D属于完全否定，与原文表述不符;根据第四段第一句“MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.”大多数日本人都有意识地拒绝儒家思想,但旧秩序的残余依然存在。也就是说，传统儒学根深蒂固，是日本社会不可或缺的一部分。选项B正确。

3.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。由此可以推断，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下级之间的关系”，选项中只有B项符合要求。

4.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。作者其实是在暗示，尊重权威在晋升中扮演着更重要的角色。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

2.写作题

Youaresupposedtowritealettertotheeditorofajournalinyourfield,thankinghimforsuggestionsandadviceforyourpapersubmitted,andinforminghimofthemodificationsandimprovementsyouhavemade.

1.Thelettershouldbeginwith“DearEditor”.

2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearEditor,

Itisapleasantsurpriseformetolearnthroughyourlong-distancecallthatmyresearchpaperentitledTheCulturalConnotationofMissouriNicknameShowMeStateandItsDifferentChineseVersionswillbepublishedinthefirstissueofyourjournalin2014,whoseimpactfactorismorethan1.0.

TodayIamwritingtoyoutoextendmysincerethanksforyourrepeatedscrutinyandrevisionofmyresearchpaper.Ifithadnotbeenforyourwarm-heartedhelpandpatienttutelage,myresearchpaperwouldhavecontainedmuchmoreerrorsandimperfectionsthanitactuallydoes.Forexample,inthisthesis,IsimplyputforwardtheculturalconnotationofMissouri’snicknameShowMeStateandseveralChinesetranslatednameswithoutrememberingtopointoutitsorigin,bymeansofwhichthereadingaudienceintheEnglish-speakingworldandthenon-English-speakingworldcanhaveanin-depthunderstandingofitsculturalconnotation.Itisyourguidancethathasenabledmetoimprovealotmytreatise,whichhasbecomemoresubstantialthanitusedtobe.Youradviceisenlighteningandhasbroadenedmyhorizons.Itisyouwhohavegivenmeconfidence,inspirationandacademiccourage.IwillsticktomycurrentresearchorientationandstrivetocreatemoreresearchpapersrelatedtoAmericanculture.

BestRegards.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing

3.单选题

We’dbetter（

）thewholeplaceincaseit’sbeenbugged.

问题1选项

A.leavealone

B.checkout

C.takedown

D.pulldown

【答案】B

【解析】leavealone不管,不打扰；checkout检查；takedown拿下,记下；pulldown推翻,摧毁。句意:我们最好把整个地方都检查一下,以防被安了窃听器。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Ahundreddollarswillbe（

）tobuyahomecomputer.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.sufficient

C.effective

D.proficient

【答案】B

【解析】句意:100美元足以买一台家用电脑。选项中只有B选项符合句意。

5.写作题

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonPrivateSchoolsinChina.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Theiradvantages;

2.Theirdisadvantages;

3.Yourcomments.

【答案】PrivateSchoolsinChina

Itisknowntoallthatmoreandmoreprivateschoolshavebeensetupinourcountrysince1990s.Toacertaindegree,thoseschoolsareabletomakeupfortheshortageofschoolsinChina.Withtheadventofmoreandmoreprivateschools,alotofpeopleshowtheirinterestinthem.Asaresult,manystudentshavebeenenrolledintheseschools.

Privateschoolshavemanyadvantages.Firstofall,theyrelievethefinancialburdenofthegovernment.Althoughthegovernmenthaskeptprovidingmoneyforestablishingpubicschools,itcannotsatisfytheincreasingdemandofpubliceducation.Besides,theseschoolsusuallyprovideabetterlearningenvironmentforstudentsconsistingofbetterfacilitiesandbetterteachingequipment.Furthermore,thesalaryofteachersinprivateschoolsisnormallyhigherthanthatinpublicschools.Therefore,theycanattractqualifiedteachers.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Iwon’tsendmychildtoaprivateschool.Foronething,theteachingqualityinprivateschoolsinChinaisgenerallynotasgoodasthatinpublicschools.Foranother,thetuitionfeeinaprivateschoolisnormallyhigherthanthatinapublicschool.Lastbutnotleast,studentswhograduatefromprivateschoolsareusuallydiscriminatedagainstwhileseekingtheirjobs.

6.单选题

Whenwewatchaplayorafilm,weallrealizethatthecharactersaresometimes（

）.

问题1选项

A.imaginative

B.imaginable

C.imagined

D.imaginary

【答案】D

【解析】imaginative富于想象的，有创造力的；imaginable可想象到的；imagined想象的，构想的；imaginary虚构的，假想的。句意：当我们看戏剧或电影时，我们都知道角色有时是虚构的，选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Afterthemusichad（

）therewasastormofapplause.

问题1选项

A.diedout

B.diedhard

C.diedoff

D.diedaway

【答案】D

【解析】dieout灭绝，消失；diehard难改掉，难断气；dieoff相继死去，逐个死亡；diedaway减弱，消失。

根据句意，这里指音乐减弱直至消失，所以选项D符合句意。

8.翻译题

在大多数经济部门，都是卖家试图用价格、质量、用途等各种诱惑来吸引潜在的买家，而买家做出是否购买的决定。然而，在医疗产业，医患关系却是生产者和消费者之间一般关系的镜像（mirrorimage）。一旦一个人决定看医生的话，通常是医生做出所有重大的消费决定：患者是否下个星期一再来，是否需要X光透视，是否要开药，等等。

【答案】Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,qualityandutility,andthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Inmedicalindustry,however,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer.Onceanindividualdecidestoseeadoctor,thedoctorusuallymakesallsignificantdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturnnextMonday,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.

9.单选题

Theshipwas（

）inastormoffJamaica.

问题1选项

A.drowned

B.immerged

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】drown淹死，溺死；immerge浸入，浸没；wreck失事；submit使服从。句意：这艘船在离开牙买加的时候，在暴风雨中失事了。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

Fatherdoesnotlike（

）meat.

问题1选项

A.lean

B.slim

C.skinny

D.slender

【答案】A

【解析】根据句意：父亲不喜欢瘦肉。只有选项A能与meat搭配，其他选项只能修饰人。

11.单选题

Meetingnewpeoplewidenedtheyoungman’s（

）.

问题1选项

A.joys

B.horizons

C.range

D.vicinities

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意可知,这里指开阔眼界。widenhorizons符合句意,选项B正确。

12.单选题

Manypeoplebelievethatthefamilyisthe（

）ofthecommunity.

问题1选项

A.nucleus

B.latitude

C.swamp

D.destiny

【答案】A

【解析】nucleus核心；latitude纬度,界限；swamp沼泽,湿地；destiny命运,定数。句意:许多人认为家庭是社区的核心。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Whenthegoinggetstough,realwomenstartcoloring.They’repickingupadultcoloringbooksbythedroves,atbookstoresandcraftstores,onAmazon,comandevenfromtheHomeShoppingNetwork.

Thedesignsappealtoeveryinterestfromwhimsicaldoodle(异想天开的涂鸦)tonaturescenesandfantasyworlds.

Coloringnotonlyevokeshappymemoriesofchildhood;theactcanalsofosterasenseofwell-beingandofferarelaxingrespitefromourdigitalworld.Craftershaveknownthisintuitivelyforyears.

Anaccumulationofresearchshowsthatthesecreativeactivitiescanhelpyoude-stressfromeverydaypressures.Recentstudiessuggestthatstructuredrhythmicendeavorssuchascoloring,knitting,orquiltingareparticularlybeneficialbecausetheyeaseyouintoameditativestateofmindthatallowsyoutopushawaynegativethoughtsandworries.

“Theseactivitiesengageyourhandsaswellasyourmindandyourfocus”,saysarttherapistLacyMucklow,theauthorofseveralbest-sellingcoloringbooks.“Plus,therepetitiveactionsreleaseserotonin(血管收缩素),thebraintransmitterresponsibleforrelaxation.”

Numerousstudieshavelookedintohowcraftingbenefitsmoodandphysicalhealth.Ina2006studyco-sponsoredbytheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsandseveralfederalhealthagencies,researchersfoundthatadults65orolderwhoengagedincreativeactivitiessuchasmakingjewelry,paintingorwritinghadbetteroverallhealth,madefewervisitstothedoctor,usedlessmedicationandhadfewerhealthproblemsthannon-crafters.

StressreductionisatopreasonCathySimocko-smith,59,aprofessionalgardenerinBridgeport，Conn,enjoyscoloring.“ColoringatnightwhileI’mwatchingTVhelpsquietmymind,”shesays.“Icanreallylosemyselfinit,anditstopsmefromthinkingaboutmyworkandthestressesinmylife.”

Coloringisagreatwaytoexploreyourcreativity—it’seasy,inexpensiveandyoudon’thavetoknowhowtodraw.The10to20minutesyouspendcoloringanimagethatgivesyouasenseofsatisfactioncanhaveapositivedominoeffectthroughoutyourday.

13.Itissaidinthepassagethatwomenstartcoloringwhen________.

14.CathySimocko-Smithenjoyscoloringbecause_________.

15.ApersonwhodoescoloringcangetthefollowingbenefitsEXCEPT_________.

16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“respite”(inPara.3)probablymean?

问题1选项

A.thedigitalworldappealstopeople

B.theystillholdontotheirgirlhood

C.thereareeasyaccesstotheactivity

D.thesituationsbecomedifficult

问题2选项

A.shecansaveupmuchmoney

B.shecanforgetallhisworriesandcares

C.shewillstoptakingmedication

D.shewillvisitthedoctorlessfrequently

问题3选项

A.asenseofsatisfaction

B.ahappymoodthroughouthisday

C.explorationofcreativity

D.professionalknowledgeofdrawing

问题4选项

A.Ashortbreak.

B.Agoodopportunity.

C.Abeautifulplace.

D.Apleasantenvironment.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】13.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：文章认为当……时候，妇女开始着色？根据题干定位至文章第一段第一句话Whenthegoinggetstough,realwomenstartcoloring.（当情况变得艰难的时候，现实生活中的妇女开始拾起着色技能。），因此D选项“情况变得困难”符合题意；文章第三段第一句话提到Coloringnotonlyevokeshappymemoriesofchildhood;theactcanalsofosterasenseofwell-beingandofferarelaxingrespitefromourdigitalworld.（涂色不仅能唤起童年的快乐回忆；这种行为还可以培养一种幸福感，让人们从数字化世界中放松一下。），可知长期生活在数字化世界中让人感到疲惫，和A选项“数字世界吸引人的时候”，表达意思与原文相悖，故A选项排除；B选项“他们紧握自己的少女时代时”，文中并没有提到妇女的少女时代，因此B选项排除；C项“容易接触这类活动”，这类活动简单，不需要技巧，但这并不是妇女着色的原因，因此C选项排除。综上所述，本题正确答案为D选项。

14.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干：凯西享受着色是因为……？根据题干定位至文章第七段第二句话“ColoringatnightwhileI’mwatchingTVhelpsquietmymind,”shesays.“Icanreallylosemyselfinit,anditstopsmefromthinkingaboutmyworkandthestressesinmylife.”（“晚上看电视的时候涂色能让我的大脑安静下来，”她说。“我真的可以在上色中迷失自我，它让我不再去想我的工作和生活中的压力。”），可知凯西享受着色主要是因为它可以为凯西带来精神上的放松及愉悦，因此B选项“她可以忘记很多忧虑”符合题意；A选项“她可以节约很多钱”，文中没有提到着色这种艺术行为可以给凯西省钱，故A选项不对，排除；C选项“她可以停止药物治疗”，D项“她可以减少看医生的频率”。文中没有提到凯西需要或者可以停止药物治疗，也没有提到她去看医生，在上文第六段最后一句话文章提到researchersfoundthatadults65orolderwhoengagedincreativeactivitiessuchasmakingjewelry,paintingorwritinghadbetteroverallhealth,madefewervisitstothedoctor,usedlessmedicationandhadfewerhealthproblemsthannon-crafters.（研究人员发现，与非手工艺者相比，从事珠宝制作、绘画或写作等创造性活动的65岁或以上的成年人整体健康状况更好，就诊次数更少，用药更少，出现的健康问题也更少。），但是并没有特指凯西这个人，故C，D选项排除；综上所述，本题正确答案为B选项。

15.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干：一个着色的人可以有一些好处，除了……外？根据题干定位至文章最后一段Coloringisagreatwaytoexploreyourcreativity—it’seasy,inexpensiveandyoudon’thavetoknowhowtodraw.The10to20minutesyouspendcoloringanimagethatgivesyouasenseofsatisfactioncanhaveapositivedominoeffectthroughoutyourday.（着色是一种探索创造力的好方法——它简单、便宜，而且你不需要知道如何画画。你花10到20分钟给图像上色，这能给你带来满足感，这会在你的一天中产生积极的多米诺效应。），可知A选项“满足感”；B选项“贯穿整天的快乐情绪”；C选项“挖掘创造力”，都是着色的好处，只有D选项“绘画的专业知识”，不符合题意，文章提到的是不知道画画也可以着色，可见着色这项活动并不能让人学到专业绘画知识。综上所述，本题正确答案为D选项。

16.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干：第三段中下划线的单词“respite”可能是什么意思？根据题干定位至文章第三段第一句话Coloringnotonlyevokeshappymemoriesofchildhood;theactcanalsofosterasenseofwell-beingandofferarelaxingrespitefromourdigitalworld.（涂色不仅能唤起童年的快乐回忆；这种行为还可以培养一种幸福感，让人们从数字化世界中有一个放松的_____。），可知涂色可以让人身心放松，得到短暂的缓解和休息，而数字化世界的快节奏让人们紧张，疲惫，由此推断“respite”指从数字化世界中逃离出来，放松休息，因此A选项“短暂休息”，符合题意；B选项“好机会”，C选项“美丽的地方”和D选项“舒适的环境”，均不是“respite”表达的含义。综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项。

14.单选题

Formostofus,workisthecentral,dominatingfactoroflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingforwork,travelingtoandfromwork.Whatwedotherelargelydeterminesourstandardoflivingandtoaconsiderableextentthestatusweareaccordedbyourfellowcitizensaswell.Itissometimessaidthatbecauseleisurehasbecomemoreimportant,theindignitiesandinjusticesofworkcanbepushedintoacorner;thatbecausemoreworkisprettyintolerable,thepeoplewhodoitshouldcompensateforitsboredom,frustrationsandhumiliationsbyconcentratingtheirhopesontheotherpartsoftheirlives.Irejectthatasacounselofdespair.Fortheforeseeablefuturethematerialandpsychologicalrewardswhichworkcanprovide,andtheconditionsinwhichworkisdone,willcontinuetoplayavitalpartindeterminingthesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.Yetonlyasmallminoritycancontrolthepaceatwhichtheyworkortheconditionsinwhichtheirworkisdone;onlyforasmallminoritydoesworkofferscopeforcreativity,imagination,orinitiative.

Inequalityatworkandinworkisstilloneofthecruelestandmostglaringformsofinequalityinoursociety.Wecannothopetosolvethemoreobviousproblemsofindustriallife,manyofwhicharisedirectlyorindirectlyfromtheinequalityatwork.Stilllesscanwehopetocreateadecentandhumanesociety.

Themostglaringinequalityisthatbetweenmanagersandtherest.Formostmanagers,workisanopportunityandachallenge.Theirjobsengagetheirinterestandallowthemtodeveloptheirabilities.Theyareabletoexerciseresponsibility;theyhaveaconsiderabledegreeofcontrolovertheirownandtheothers’workinglives.Mostimportantofall,theyhavetheopportunitytoinitiate.Bycontrast,formostmanualworkers,workisaboring,monotonous,evenpainfulexperience.Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerableforthemselvesbythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.Themajorityhavelittlecontrolovertheirwork;itprovidesthemwithnoopportunityforpersonaldevelopment.Oftenproductionissodesignedthatworkersaresimplypartofthetechnology.Inoffices,manyjobsaresoroutinethatworkersjustifiablyfeelthemselvestobemerecogsinthebureaucraticmachine.Asadirectconsequenceoftheirworkexperience,manyworkersfeelalienatedfromtheirworkandtheirfirm,whetheritisinpublicorinprivateownership.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,it’strueaboutworkthat（

）

.

2.Whatadvantagedomanagershaveovertheotherworkers?

3.Workingconditionsgenerallyremainbadbecause（

）.

4.Whatfrustratestheworkersinamodernsociety?

问题1选项

A.one’shappylifelargelydependsonwhetherhisworkisrewarding

B.concentratingonyourworkisacounselwhenyouareindespair

C.peopleshouldtrytoavoidtheintolerableunfairnessofwork

D.dignitybecomesmoreandmoreimportantthanwork

问题2选项

A.Theycancontrolotherpeople’slives.

B.Theycanmaketheirowndecisions.

C.Theycanworkatwhateverintereststhem.

D.Theycangettimeofftoattendcourses.

问题3选项

A.theworkerslosetheirintereststochangethem

B.fewpeoplecandecidewhattodoaboutthem

C.officeworkerswanttoprotecttheirpositions

D.managersdonotwanttochangethem

问题4选项

A.Theirworkinterfereswiththeirprivatelives.

B.Theyareincapableofdoingtheirworkproperly.

C.Theyfeeltheyarejustasmallandsubordinatepartofit.

D.Theirlivesarecomplicatedduetotechnologicaladvances.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段倒数第二句“Fortheforeseeablefuture...thesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.”在可预见的将来,工作所能提供的物质和精神回报以及工作环境,将继续在决定生活所能提供的满意度方面发挥重要作用。也就是说,一个人的幸福生活在很大程度上取决于他的工作是否有回报。选项A符合原文。

2.根据第三段的三四句“Theirjobsengagetheirinterest...theothers’workinglives.”他们对自己的工作感兴趣,能够发挥自己的才能。他们能够履行职责;对自己和他人的工作有相当大的控制权。由此可以推断,经理的优势就是可以自己做决定,选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段“Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerableforthemselvesbythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.”他们所有的工作生活都是在一种他们认为无法忍受的条件下度过的,而作出决定的人却让这种条件继续下去。这里“作出决定的人”指的就是经理,所以选项D正确。

4.根据第三段最后几句,大多数人对自己的工作几乎没有控制权;没有个人发展的机会。通常生产是如此设计的,工人只是技术的一部分。在办公室里,许多工作都是例行公事,以至于工人们理所当然地觉得自己只是官僚机器的齿轮。选项C符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

15.单选题

Ourstomachscanoftenbeamysterytousandmanyofusdon’trealizejusthowmuchthefoodweeatcanimpactonourmoodandmentalwell-being.

AccordingtocharityAllergyUK,ashocking45%ofussufferswithfoodanddrinkintolerances,beverage—thisiscalledfoodintolerance.

Foodintoleranceisamuchmorecommonproblemthanfoodallergyandoneofthemostharmfulsymptomscanbelowmood.1in4peopleintheUKwillsufferproblemswiththeirmoodormentalhealtheveryyear,withanti-depressantprescriptionsincreasingbyover40%inthelast5years.

RecentresearchfromYorkTestLaboratories,leadingexpertsinfoodintolerancetesting,hasfoundthat97%oftheircustomersreportedproblemsrelatingtomoodasasignificantsymptomoftheirfoodintolerance,ofwhich73%feltthattheirmoodhadsignificantlyimprovedafteralteringtheirdietstoremovefoodstowhichtheyreacted.

Inaddition,inarecentpaperpublishedintheJournalofNutritionandFoodSciences,over81%ofpatientsreportedasignificantimprovementinmoodandmentalwell-beingasadirectconsequenceofapplyingthedietarychangesrecommendedbyYorkTest.

Sohowisitthatthefoodweeatcanhavesuchasignificantimpactonourmood?

Bidirectionalconnectionsbetweenthegutandthebrainarecomplexandareregulatedinthebodyinthreedifferentways:throughnerves,hormonesandtheimmunesystem.Thegutmediatesthebody’simmuneresponse;atleast70percentofourimmunesystemissituatedinthegutandisusedtoexpelandkillforeigninvaders.

Ourgutcontainssome100millionneurons(nervecells),morethanineitherthespinalcordortheperipheralnervoussystem.Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.Ourgutpartlydeterminesourmentalstateandplayskeyrolesincertaindiseasesthroughoutthebody.Manypeoplewillnotbeawarethat90%ofserotonin（血清素）,thebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut—itisforthesereasonsthatthegutisoftenreferredtoasthe‘secondbrain’.

Inaddition,researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinal（肠胃的）inflammation—acommonsymptomoffoodintolerance.Bytacklingunidentifiedfoodintolerances,notonlywillphysicalsymptomsbenefit,butmentalhealthsymptomscanoftenshowsignificantimprovement.

Thereareanumberofwaystoidentifypotentiallymoodsuppressingfoodintolerances.OnethatIrecommendisscientificallyvalidatedandwellresearchedisYorkTest.ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers,allowingpeopletosimplymodifytheirdietswithlifechanginghealthbenefits.

1.Theover40%increaseofanti-depressantprescriptionsinthelast5yearsintheUKwasattributedto（）.

2.WhichisNOToneofthereasonswhythegutisoftenreferredtoasthe“secondbrain”?

3.Whatfrequentlyhasacausalconnectionwithdepression?

4.Whatisthepurposeinone’stakingYorkTest?

问题1选项

A.foodintolerance

B.foreigninvaders

C.foodallergy

D.foodtriggers

问题2选项

A.Ourgutcontainsmorenervecellsthaninthespinalcord.

B.Theneuronsinthegutcontributesolelytoeffectivedigestion.

C.90%ofthebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut.

D.Certaindiseasesresultfromourdigestivesystem.

问题3选项

A.Apsychiatricdisorder.

B.Bidirectionaltreatment.

C.Gastrointestinalinflammation.

D.Unidentifiedphysicalproblems.

问题4选项

A.Tovalidatethescientificresearch.

B.Todetectthesourceoffoodintolerance.

C.Toinventamodificationoflifestyle.

D.Toprescribeanti-depressantdrugs

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第三段的内容可知,食物耐受不良是一个比食物过敏更常见的问题,最有害的症状之一是情绪低落。在英国,每年有四分之一的人情绪或心理健康都会出现问题,在过去的五年中,抗抑郁药物的处方数量增加了40%以上。所以选项A正确。

2.根据第八段的内容可知,选项A,C,D均符合原文;根据第二句“Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.”所有这些排列在我们消化系统中的神经元不仅仅是处理消化,偶尔也会引起紧张情绪。选项B描述太绝对,所以不正确。

3.根据第九段第一句“researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinalinflammation”研究表明抑郁症经常与肠胃炎联系在一起。所以选项C正确。

4.根据最后一段最后一句“ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers...”这项名为“饮食扫描”的饮食耐受不良测试,可以发现饮食耐受不良潜在的诱因。选项B符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

16.单选题

Thewoodsatthisseasonare（

）withdelicatescents.

问题1选项

A.fragrant

B.small

C.barren

D.bright

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这个季节的树林散发着清香。fragrant芳香的，选项A符合语境。

17.单选题

Thetrafficpoliceweresearchingforevidencetoprovetheaccusedman’sguilt,butin（

）.

问题1选项

A.hollow

B.empty

C.void

D.vain

【答案】D

【解析】invain为固定搭配,表示“徒劳的”。选项D符合句意。

18.单选题

Some4,000privateimporters,exportersandwholesalerswerenationalizedand（

）intoahugegovernmentmonopoly,theStateTradingCorp.

问题1选项

A.incorporated

B.inclined

C.resigned

D.resorted

【答案】A

【解析】incorporateinto并入；其他选项都不与into搭配,而是一般与to搭配。句意:约4,000家私营进出口商和批发商被收归国有,并被并入一家大型的政府垄断企业——国有贸易公司。选项A符合句意。

19.单选题

HeexpectedtheHousetopassthebillbyacomfortable（

）.

问题1选项

A.maple

B.marble

C.marsh

D.margin

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。maple枫树；marble大理石；marsh沼泽；均不符合句意。margin指（在时间或票数上领先的）幅度,差额,差数。句意:他希望众议院能以轻松的优势通过这项法案。选项D符合句意。

20.单选题

Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,（

）inSanFrancisco.

问题1选项

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】previously以前，预先；predominantly主要地，显著地；practically实际地，事实上；permanently永久地。句意：在美国，超过三分之一的华人居住在加州，主要居住在旧金山。选项B符合句意。

21.单选题

An“obviousandstrikingfeatureofthelatetwentiethcenturyworld,”notesSallyPriceinherbookPrimitiveArtinCivilizedPlaces,istheaccessibilityofitsdiverseculturestothosewhoenjoymembershipinWesternsociety.”Westernerscantravelwithrelativeeasetoeventheremotestcomersofhumancivilizationorstayathomeandwatchexoticimagesofworlddiversityonthetelevisionandmoviescreen.Theworldmarketsystemassuresthosewhohavethefinancialresourcesthattheycanbuyjustaboutanythingfromanywhere.Heidegger,alsothinkingonthisphenomenon,says,“Yetthefranticabolitionofalldistancesbringsnonearness;fornearnessdoesnotconsistinshortnessofdistance.Whatisleastremotefromusinpointofdistance,byvirtueofitspictureonfilmoritssoundontheradio,canremainfarfromus.Whatisincalculablyfarfromusinpointofdistancecanbeneartous.”Westerntechnologyandthemarketeconomyareshrinkingtheworld,bringingtheWestclosertootherpeoples,andotherpreviouslyaccessibleregionsoftheearth.YetthisdramaticglobalchangehasnotopenedtheWesttodifference,eitherthenonhumandifferencesof