考研考博-英语-巴音郭楞职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-巴音郭楞职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Banksarenotordinarilypreparedtopayoutallaccounts;theyrelyondepositorsnottodemandpaymentallatthesametime.Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.Iftheydid,thebankcouldnotpayallaccounts.However,iftheydidnotallappearatonce,thentherewouldalwaysbefundstopaythosewhowantedtheirmoneywhentheywantedit.Mrs.ElsieVaughthastoldusofaterrifyingbankrun(挤兑)thatsheexperienced.Oneday,inDecemberof1925severalbanksfailedtoopeninacitywhereshelived.Theotherbanksanticipatedarunthenextday,andsotheofficersofthebankinwhichMrs.Vaughtworkedasateller(出纳员)hadenoughfundsonhandtopayoffasmanydepositorsasmightapply.Theofficerssimplyinstructedthetellerstopayondemand.Nextmorningacrowdgatheredinthebankandonthesidewalkoutside.Thelengthofthelineconvincedmanythatthebankcouldnotpossiblypayoffeveryone.Peoplebegantopushandthentofightforplacesneartheteller’swindows.Clothingwastornandlimbsbroken,butthejamcontinuedforhours.Thepowerofthepanicatmosphereisevidentinthefactthattwotellers,thoughtheyknewthatthebankwassoundandcouldpayoutalldepositors,neverthelesswithdrewthefundsintheirownaccounts.Mrs.Vaughtsaysthatshehaddifficultyrestrainingherselffromdoingthesame.

11.Abankrunoccurswhen______.

12.WhathappenedtosomeofthecustomersofthebankwhereMrs.Vaughtworked?

13.Theessentialcauseofarunonabankis______.

14.ThecrowdsgatheredinMrs.Vaught’sbankandonthesidewalkbecauseof______.

15.Accordingtothepassage,theactionsofthecustomersofMrs.Vaught’sbankwereinfluencedchieflyby______.

问题1选项

A.abankisclosedforoneormoreday

B.employeesofabanktaketheirownfundsoutofthebank

C.toomanydepositorsattempttodrawouttheirmoneyatonetime

D.thereappearlonglinesinfrontofthetellers’windows

问题2选项

A.Theylosttheirmoney.

B.Theygotinjured.

C.Theyhadtoleavepartoftheirmoneyinthebank.

D.Theywereforcedtoputtheirmoneyintootherbanks.

问题3选项

A.lackofsufficientfunds

B.toomanydepositors

C.inefficienttellers

D.lossofconfidence

问题4选项

A.doubt

B.greed

C.anger

D.curiosity

问题5选项

A.thefailureofthebanktopayoffeveryone

B.thefailureofseveralbankstoopen

C.theactionsofthetwotellersinthebank

D.thedifficultywithwhichtheyobtaintheirmoney

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】11.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章前三句Banksarenotordinarilypreparedtopayoutallaccounts;theyrelyondepositorsnottodemandpaymentallatthesametime.Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.Iftheydid,thebankcouldnotpayallaccounts.（银行通常不会准备支付所有储户的款项；它们依赖储户不会全部同时要求取款。如果储户担心银行无法支付所有存款人，那么这种担心可能会导致所有储户在同一天出现来取款。如果他们这样做了，银行就不能支付所有的储户。），说明在所有储户同时来取款的时候，会发生银行挤兑。因此C选项“有太多的储户试图同时取款”正确。A选项“银行停业一天或一天以上时”，B选项“银行的员工将自己的存款从银行取出来”，D选项“柜员窗口前出现了长长的队伍”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

12.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第三、四句Peoplebegantopushandthentofightforplacesneartheteller’swindows.Clothingwastornandlimbsbroken,butthejamcontinuedforhours.（人们开始推挤，然后争夺靠近出纳员窗口的位置。衣服被撕破，四肢被打断，但拥堵仍持续了几个小时。），沃特夫人工作的银行一些顾客因为推搡而受伤。因此B选项“他们受伤了”正确。A选项“他们的钱丢了”，C选项“他们不得不把一部分钱留在银行里”，D选项“他们被迫把钱存入其他银行”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

13.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二句Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.（如果储户担心银行无法支付所有存款人，那么这种担心可能会导致所有储户在同一天出现来取款。），说明银行挤兑本质上是因为储户担心银行的支付能力，也就是对银行失去了信心。因此D选项“失去信心”正确。A选项“缺乏足够的资金”，由原文可知银行有足够的资金，所以A错误。B选项“储户太多”，C选项“柜员效率低下”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C错误。

14.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第五、六句Nextmorningacrowdgatheredinthebankandonthesidewalkoutside.Thelengthofthelineconvincedmanythatthebankcouldnotpossiblypayoffeveryone.（第二天早上，一群人聚集在银行和外面的人行道上。队伍的长度让许多人相信，银行不可能支付所有人的款项。），说明众人聚集在银行是因为他们对银行的支付能力有所怀疑。因此A选项“怀疑”正确。B选项“贪婪”，C选项“愤怒”，D选项“好奇”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

15.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由原文可知，因为储户担心银行的支付能力，害怕自己不能取出存款，所以才会做出在银行聚集、拥堵推挤等行为。根源在于severalbanksfailedtoopen“几家银行倒闭”，导致所有人都在这家银行排长队，进而引起大家的恐慌，所以B选项“几家银行的倒闭”是主要原因。原文也说明thebanks…hadenoughfundsonhandtopayoffasmanydepositorsasmightapply，可知这家银行是有支付能力的，也不存在取钱困难，所以A和D选项可排除；C选项“两名出纳的行为”其实源自于储户的行为，所以并不是储户行为的原因，也可以排除。

2.单选题

WhenRobertShiller,aYaleeconomistandbestsellingauthor,toldacrowdoffinanceprofessorsandeconomicsstudentslastspringthatonly10percentofhismoneywasinvestedinstocks,theygasped.

Managersmightsuggestanywherefrom50to90percent.But10percent?Thiswasheresy.

Howabout0percent?

That’sthesharethatinvestorsshouldplowintodomesticstocks,accordingtoBenInker,directorofassetallocationforGrantham,Mayo,andVanOtterloo&,Co.(GMO),amoney-managementfirmwithsome$85billioninassets.

Welcometoacontrarianviewoftoday'sequitymarkets.Asmallbutvocalbandofhereticsiscallingintoquestionnotonlytheprofitpotentialofstocksbutalsothefoundationforconventionalwisdomaboutinvesting.Evenforthosewhodisagreewiththem,theirargumentsserveasarealitycheckforthemarket.

Areconventionalportfoliosreallyassafeasexpertssay?

“Don’tbesurprisedthattheWallStreetbrokeragefirmsspendmostoftheirtimetellingyouthatstocksarecheap,”warnsMr.Inker.“WallStreetlikesthemarket.Itlikestrading.WallStreetmakesalotmoremoneyoffoftradingstocksthantradingbonds.”

Thetrickistodetermineyourportfolio’sexposuretorisk,analystssay.Andthatdepends——toasurprisinglylargedegreeonhowdiversifieditisandhowlongyou’repreparedtostaythecourse.Thesearekeyelementsof“modemportfoliotheory,”whichcameintobeinginthe1950sandeventuallywonitscreator,HarryMarkowitz,aNobelPrize

Essentially,portfoliotheoryholdsthatinvestorsreapthegreatestreturnwiththeleastriskwhentheyallocatetheirmoneyamongdiverseclassesofassets,holdthemforthelongterm,andrebalancetheportfoliowhenthevariousclassesofassetsstraytoofarfromtheiroriginalallocation.

Tomakeitwork,youneedtoownassetclassesthatdon'tmoveinlockstep,makeaccurateestimatesoftheirfuturereturns,anduseaverylongtimehorizon.Amiscalculationinevenoneofthesesteps,however,canseriouslyhurltheprospectsforreachingyourultimategoal.

“Thelong-termnatureisthedrivingforceoftheportfolio,”saysJerryKorabilk,vicepresidentofIbbotsonAssociates,aChicago-basedassetallocationadviser.“Allofourclientsareinstitutions,andwedevelopportfolioswith10-,20-,even30-yeartimehorizons.”

Ridingtherollercoaster

Thus,investorsshouldnevertrytogetinandoutofthemarketatspecifictimes,thetheoryholds.Instead,theyshouldridetheinevitableebbandflowofprices.Iftheyhaveallocatedtheirmoneycorrectly,someportionoftheirportfoliowillalmostalwaysbemakingmoney.Byrebalancingtheirportfoliosperiodically——sellingoffsomeofthewinningassetclassesandbuyingmoreofthelosers—theyarecontinuallybuyinglowandsellinghigh,atleastinarelativesense.

Thisbuy-and-holdstrategyhaswonoverhordesofinvestors.TheaverageFidelityretirementaccounthasnearly60percentofitsmoneyinstocks,arecentstudyfound.Theoverallaverageforretirementaccounts:61percent,accordingtotheEmployeeBenefitResearchInstitute.Evenequityallocationsforcollegeanduniversityendowmentshoveraround57.1percent,saystheNationalAssociationofCollegeandUniversityBusinessOfficers.

Theproblemisthatinvestorssometimeshavetobeextraordinarilypatientforthestrategytopayoff.In1981,forexample,theS&P500indexstoodatthesamelevelitfirstachievedin1965.Todaytheindexisabout30percentlowerthanitspeakin2000.Doinvestorsreallyhavetoputupwithsuchlongperiodsoflosses?

Profitsofimpatience

No,sayasmallcontingentofmoneymanagers.Byavoidingthestockmarketastheirprimaryengineforprofitduringthepastfiveyears,severalofthesemanagershavepostedgoodreturns.

TakethePermanentPortfolioFund.Unlikemanybalancedfunds,whichdiversifyprimarilybetweenstocksandbonds.Itencompassesamuchwidervarietyofassets:20percentgoldbullionandcoins,5percentsilverbullionandcoins,10percentSwissfrancdenominatedassets(typicallySwissgovernmentbonds),15percentUSandforeignrealestateandnatural-resourcecompanystocks,15percentaggressive-growthstocks,and35percentindollarassets(Treasurysecuritiesinvaryingmaturitiesandalsoshort-term,high-gradebonds).

Overthepastfiveyears,whiletheS&P500hasslippedbackward,thePermanentPortfolioFundhasaveragedastartling10.1percentgrowthperyear.

“Wedon’tcorrelatetoanyindexbecauseweowndifferentassets,”saysthefund'smanager,MichaelGuggino.“Inmarketswherestocksandequitiesaregoingsidewaysordown,weperformverywellbecauseourdiversificationismuchbroader.Ifequitiesgogangbusterslikeinthe90s,clearlywearegoingtounderperformbecausewewon’tbetotallyinstocks.”

Indeed,thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsofthe1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints.

1.Accordingto“modemportfoliotheory,”weshould（）.

2.Inthelastparagraph,“Thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsof1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints.”Weseefromthissentencethat（

）.

3.Whatattitudedoestheauthorhavetowardsconventionalportfolios?

4.Inthelast2ndparagraph,“Ifequitiesgogangbusterslikeinthe1990s,clearlywearegoingtounder-performbecausewewon’tbetotallyinstocks.”Weknowfromthissentenceallofthefollowingexceptthat（）.

问题1选项

A.buyonesinglykindofstocks

B.neversellourstocks

C.sellstockswhosepricesgorelativelytoohighinourportfolio

D.buystockswhosepricesfluctuatesatthesamepace

问题2选项

A.thefund'sprofitswerenotgoodenough

B.thefund'sperformanceduringthe1990sisverypoor

C.thefundlostmoneyduringthe1990s

D.thefunddidexceedinglywellduringthe1990s

问题3选项

A.Skeptical

B.Scathing

C.Detached

D.Boastful

问题4选项

A.the1990ssawaboomingstockmarket

B.“we”underperformedduringthe1990s

C.“we”willchangeourcourseofaction

D.“we”arenottotallyinstocks

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据现代资产组合理论，我们应该……”。文章第八段提到“这在很大程度上取决于资产的分散性和你打算持有多久。这些是现在资产组合理论的关键部分”（Andthatdepends——toasurprisinglylargedegree——onhowdiversifieditisandhowlongyou'repreparedtostaythecourse.Thesearekeyelementsof“modernportfoliotheory”…），可知强调的是多样性，而不是“单个”，因此选项A可以排除；文章第十段提到“为了让它（投资组合）起作用，你需要拥有不同类型且不同步变化的资产，并且你还需要对资产进行预估”（Tomakeitwork,youneedtoownassetclassesthatdon’tmoveinlockstep,makeaccurateestimatesoftheirfuturereturns,anduseaverylongtimehorizon），因此选项D中的atthesamepace错误，可以排除；文章第九段rebalancetheportfolio,第十二段提到“平衡投资组合包括出售一些盈利的资产，买入更多亏损的资产类别”（Byrebalancingtheirportfoliosperiodicallysellingoffsomeofthewinningassetclassesandbuyingmoreofthelosers），因此选项B错误。综上，选项C符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“我们从最后一段的这句话中了解到了什么？”文章最后一句提到“实际上，在上世纪90年代的繁荣时期，该基金表现明显滞后，导致这十年的平均年回报率落后于标准普尔500指数4个百分点”（Indeed,thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsofthe1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints），由此可以推断在90年代股市暴涨在基金中不明显，因此选项A符合题意。

3.观点态度题。题目问的是“对于传统资产组合，作者是何种态度？”文章第六段提问道“传统的资产组合真的像专家们所说的那样安全吗？”下文对此进行解答，因此选项C“客观的”符合题意。skeptical“怀疑的”；scathing“严厉的”；boastful“自夸的，自负的”。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“我们从倒数第二段的这句话中了解到以下信息，除了……”该句出现在倒数第二段最后一句话，意思是“如果股票像90年代那样行情火爆，那么很明显，我们的运作将会差于一般市场价格，因为我们不会完全投资于股市”，“90年代股票市场繁荣”“‘我们’在90年代运作不佳”“‘我们’没有完全投资于股市”均在句子中体现了，只有C选项没有体现，因此该选项符合题意。

3.翻译题

residentialarea,leavesofblackbarrier,plaque,arch

二大门

二大门建于1909年，是清华大学的老校门。1933年，校园扩大，西区住宅区延伸，（同时）新校门修建（即现在的西校门）。梁实秋在清华大学读书的时候，这样描述它的老校门：清华大学的老校门由灰砖砌成，复以白漆，笼罩在淡淡的乳白色中，与总是半开着的两扇黑色棚栏相映衬。

在拱形大门的横匾上刻着三个醒目的中国字“清华园”，为清朝末期一个叫作那同的达官所书写。大门在文化革命初期被损毁，直到1991年才重新修复。

【答案】TheSecondGate,builtin1909,istheoldgateofTsinghuaUniversity.In1933,thecampuswasexpanded,theWestSideresidentialareawasextended,andthenewschoolgate(nowtheWestGate)wasbuilt.

WhenLiangShiqiuwasastudentatTsinghuaUniversity,hedescribeditsoldgatethisway:TheoldgateofTsinghuaUniversitywasbuiltofgreybrick,cladinwhitepaint,andenvelopedinapalemilkywhite,setoffbytwoleavesofblackbarrierthatwerealwayshalfopen.

OnthehorizontalplaqueofthearchedgatearethreestrikingChinesecharacters“QingHuaYuan”,writtenbyanofficialnamedNatonginthelateQingDynasty.ThegatewasdamagedatthebeginningoftheCulturalRevolutionandwasnotrestoreduntil1991.

4.单选题

Thosewho’veheardofZaneGreyusuallyidentifyhimastheauthorofbest-sellingwesterns,butfewrealizethathewasthecommerciallymostsuccessfulAmericanauthorofthe1920s.Eachyearfrom1915to1924,hehadanewnovelontheannuallistoftop-10bestsellers.RidersofthePurpleSage,TheLightofWesternStars,andTheRainbowTrailarestillpopular,butGrey’sbeststorymaybehisowncolorfulandremarkablylittle-knownlife.

ZaneGreywasborninZanesville,Ohio.Greyrecalledhisownyouthasfullofrelentlessconflictswithhisstern,demandingfather,afarmer’ssonwhohadbecomeasuccessfuldentistinZanesville.Grey’sdelinquencyandpoorrecordinschoolexacerbatedmatters.Then,midwaythroughhisjunioryear,hehadtodropoutofhighschooltohelphisfatherwhosuddenlybecamepoorbypullingteethforneedylocals.

Fordiversion,Greyplayedbaseball--withenoughtalenttoearnscholarshipstoseveraluniversities.HechosetheUniversityofPennsylvanianotonlyforitsaccomplishedteam,butalsoforitsdentalschool,whichofferedhimimmediateadmission,sparinghimthetoughundergraduateprogram.Aftergraduation,heconcentratedmoreonbaseballthandentistry,hopingtoreachthemajorleagues,buttonoavail.Heretreatedtoafull-timepracticeinNewYorkCity,butquicklydiscoveredthatwritingaboutancestorswhoselivesweremoredistinguishedandexcitingthanhiswaspreferabletocopingwithdecayedteethandbadbreath.

Duringasummerescapein1900toruralLackawaxenontheupperDelawareRiver,hemetLina“Dolly”Roth,11yearsyounger,aNewYorkdoctor’sdaughterwhoenthusiasticallysupportedhisyearningtobecomeawriter.Aftertheirmarriagein1905,hersubstantialinheritanceenabledhimtoquitdentistryandwritefulltime.Theircross-countryhoneymoontripcarriedthemtotheGrandCanyonatthedawnofitstouristappeal.Greywascaptivatedbythecanyon’snaturalsplendor.Hewouldreturntheretwicemoreformountain-lionhunts，whichinspiredHeritageoftheDesert,hisfirstwesternstory,publishedin1910whenhewas38.Forthenext15years,hereturnedannuallytotheSouthwesttofindnewmaterialformorebooks.

1.Asawriter,ZaneGrey（）.

2.Inhischildhood,ZaneGrey（）.

3.Beforeenteringuniversity,ZaneGrey（）.

4.Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,ZaneGreywenttoNewYorkand（）.

5.ZaneGreywasabletowritefulltimemainlybecause（）.

6.ItcanbelearnedthatZaneGrey’sfirstwesternstory（）.

问题1选项

A.isstillpopularatthepresenttime

B.isbestknownforhisgloriouslife

C.wrotemuchofhisuniquegrowth

D.showedhispotentialatanearlyage

问题2选项

A.livedaliferathereasyandcarefree

B.wasamongthosetameschoolboys

C.wasinbadtermswithhisfather

D.tookaspecialinterestindentistry

问题3选项

A.playedinaprofessionalbaseballteam

B.showedthegreatpotentialforbaseball

C.triedhardtoapplyforascholarship

D.begantolearnundergraduatesubjects

问题4选项

A.wroteabouthisfrustrations

B.playedinthemajorleagues

C.becameafull-timebaseballplayer

D.foundhisrealinterest

问题5选项

A.hehadearnedalotofmoneyfromdentistry

B.hiswifeagreedtoworktosupportthefamily

C.hiswifebackedhimupwithagreatfortune

D.hehadrealizedthehugevaluetobeawriter

问题6选项

A.wasmotivatedbyhistripstotheGrandCanyon

B.wasbasedonhiscross-countrytripwithhiswife

C.depictedhistripstotheSouthwestpartoftheU.S.

D.describedhisannualtripformountain-lionhunts

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到ZaneGrey的三本书至今非常受欢迎，由此可知他本人现在也是非常有名，选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到Grey回忆起自己的青年时代，他与苛刻的父亲经常发生冲突（Greyrecalledhisownyouthasfullofrelentlessconflictswithhisstem,demandingfather），由此可知选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第三段提到他在棒球上有很大的天赋，并以此获得几所大学的奖学金（Fordiversion,Greyplayedbaseball--withenoughtalenttoearnscholarshipstoseveraluniversities），因此选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第三段提到毕业后，他更专注于棒球而不是牙科，希望能进入大联盟，但是没有成功。他到纽约做全职牙医，但是随后他发现写作比对付龋齿和口臭要好得多（butquicklydiscoveredthatwritingaboutancestorswhoselivesweremoredistinguishedandexcitingthanhiswaspreferabletocopingwithdecayedteethandbadbreath），所以选项D符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章最后一段提到Grey的妻子继承了可观的遗产，让他能全职写作（Aftertheirmarriagein1905,hersubstantialinheritanceenabledhimtoquitdentistryandwritefulltime），因此选项C符合题意。

6.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到他们去大峡谷度蜜月，被峡谷的自然美景迷住，Grey两次回到那里，这激发了他的创作灵感，创作了第一部小说。因此选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind,butthereisyetanothergrowingdangeroverthehorizon:anIranambitiousfornukes.

Aug.16issue—whocouldhaveimaginedthatalliancemanagementwouldbeahotelectionissueinAmerica?Butitis.JohnKerry’srepeatedpledgetorestorerelationswithAmerica’sallieshasstruckachord.Thetroubleis,ifheiselectedpresident,Kerryisgoingtofindthatpromisehardtokeep—atleastwithAmerica’salliesinEurope.MostofthemwouldbedelightedtoseeKerrywin,butthatdoesn'tmeantheywillbemorecooperativeonpolicyissues.Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind,butthereisyetanothergrowingdangeroverthehorizon.EarlyintoaKerryadministration,wecouldseeafamiliarsight—atransatlanticcrisis—exceptthistimeitwouldn’tbeoverIraqbutIran.

ThethreattoAmericafromIraqiweaponsofmassdestruction,iftheyeverexisted,isinthepast.Iran,ontheotherhand,istheproblemofthefuture.Overthelasttwoyears,thankstotipsfromIranianoppositiongroupsandinvestigationsbytheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency,ithasbecomeclearthatIranisseekingtodevelopnuclearweapons.Inthewordsoftheagency,Iranhas“apracticallycompletefrontendofanuclearfuelcycle.”whichleadsmostexpertstobelieveitistwotothreeyearsawayfromhavinganuclearbomb.

EuropeancountrieswereasworriedbythisdevelopmentasWashingtonand,sincetheUnitedStateshasnorelationswithIran,EuropesteppedinlastfallandnegotiatedadealwithIran.ItwasanexcellentagreementinwhichIranpledgedtostopdevelopingfissilematerial(thecoreingredientofanuclearbombandtokeepitsnuclearprogramtransparent.Theonlyproblemis.Iranhasrecentlyannouncedthatitisn’tgoingtoabidebythedeal.AstheIAEA’sinvestigationgotmoreserious.Tehrangotmoresecretive.OnemonthagotheagencycondemnedIranforitsfailuretocooperate.Tehranrespondedbyannouncingthatitwouldresumeworkinprohibitedareas.

That’swherethingsstandnow,withtheclocktickingfast.IfIranweretogonuclear,itwouldhavedramaticeffects.Itwouldplacenuclearmaterialsinthehandsofaradicalregimethathastiestounsavorygroups.Itwouldsignaltoothercountriesthatit’spossibletobreakthenucleartaboo.AnditwouldrevolutionizetheMiddleEast.SaudiArabiaandEgyptwouldfeelthreatenedbyIran’sbombandwouldstarttheirownsearchfornucleartechnology.(SaudiArabiaprobablycouldnotmakeabombbutitcouldcertainlybuynecessarytechnologyfromacountrylikePakistan.Infact,wedon’treallyknowallofthebuyerswhopatronizedPakistaniscientistA.Q.Khan’snuclearsupermarket.It’squitepossibleSaudiArabiaalreadyhasafewelementsofsuchaprogram.)AndthenthereisIsrael,whichhaslongseenIranasitsgreatestthreat.ItisunlikelytositpassivelywhileIrandevelopsanuclearbomb.ThepowerfulIranianpoliticianAliRafsanjanihaspubliclyspeculatedaboutanuclearexchangewithIsrael.IfIran’sprogramwentforward,atsomepointIsraelwouldalmostcertainlytrytodestroyitusingairstrikes,asitdidIraq’sreactorinOsirik.Suchanactionwould,ofcourse,createamassivepoliticalcrisisintheregion.

Inthefaceofthesestarkdangers,Europeseemsremarkablypassive.Havingburstintoactionlastfall,itdoesnotseemtoknowwhattodonowthatIranhasrebuffeditsefforts.Itisurgingnegotiationsagain,whichisfine.ButwhatwillittellIraninthesenegotiations?Whatisthethreatthatitiswillingtowield?

LastmonththeBrookingsInstitutionconductedascenariowithmostlyformerAmericanandEuropeanofficials.Init,Iranactuallyacquiresfissilematerial.Evenfacingtheimminentproductionofanuclearbomb,Europeanswereunwillingtotakeanyrobustmeasuresliketheuseofforceortoughsanctions.JamesSteinberg,aseniorClintonofficialwhoorganizedthisworkshop,saidthathewas“deeplyfrustratedbyEuropeanattitudes.”MadeleineAlbright,whoregularlyconvenesadiscussiongroupofformerforeignministers,saidthatonthistopic.“EuropeanssaytheyunderstandthethreatbutthenactasiftherealproblemisnotIranbuttheUnitedStates.”

AmericanpolicytowardIranishardlyblameless.WashingtonrefuseseventoconsiderthepossibilityofdirecttalkswithIran,letaloneactualrelations.EuropeanscouldpresentWashingtonwithaplan.TheywouldgoalongwithabiggerstickifWashingtonwouldthrowinabiggercarrot:directengagementwithTehran.ThisissomethingTehranhaslongsought,anditcouldbeofferedinreturnforrenouncingitsnuclearambitions.

Butforanyofthistohappen,Europemustbewillingtoplayanactive,assertiverole.ItmuststopviewingitselfmerelyasacriticofAmericanpolicy,butratherseeitselfasapartner,jointlyactingtoreducethedangersofnuclearproliferation.AnditshoulddothisnotasafavortoJohnKerrybutasaresponsibilitytoitsowncitizensandthoseoftheworld.

26.WhatisthefuturethreattoAmericannationalsecurityaccordingtotheauthor?

27.WhichofthefollowinginNOTincludedinthedramaticeffectsifIranweretogonuclear?

28.WhywasJamesSteinberg“deeplyfrustratedbyEuropeanattitudes”?

29.Whatisauthor’sviewpointtowardWashington’sattitudeontheissueofIran’snuclearthreat?

30.Whatistheauthor’sstandontheissue?

问题1选项

A.Iraqiweaponsofmassdestruction.

B.InvestigationsbytheInternationalAtomicAgency.

C.Iranhasanuclearbomb.

D.Iranhas“apracticallycompletefrontendofanuclearfuelcycle”.

问题2选项

A.Itwouldplacenuclearmaterialinthehandsofaradicalregimethathastiestounsavorygroups.

B.Itwouldsignaltoothercountriesthatit’spossibletobreakthenucleartaboo.

C.ItwouldaffecttherelationsbetweentheU.N.andtheU.S.

D.ItwouldrevolutionizetheMiddleEast.

问题3选项

A.Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind.

B.ThedeteriorationofthetransatlanticrelationsfrustratedKerry.

C.Europeanswereunwillingtotakeanyrobustmeasures.

D.AmericanpolicytowardIranisblameless.

问题4选项

A.AmericangovernmentshouldhavetalkswithEuropeannations.

B.WashingtonshouldhavedirectengagementwithTehran.

C.GovernmentofU.S.shouldrenounceIran’snuclearambitions.

D.WashingtonshouldbeblamedfornotconsideringthepossibilityofdirecttalkswithIran.

问题5选项

A.DisapproveAmericans’attitude.

B.ApproveneitherAmericans’attitudenorEuropeans’efforts.

C.UnsatisfiedwithEuropeans’efforts./r