考研考博-英语-新疆理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

It’samistaketothinkofFloridaonly（

）itstouristattractions.

问题1选项

A.inthetermsof

B.intermof

C.intermsof

D.intermswith

【答案】B

【解析】句意:只根据旅游景点来评判佛罗里达是不正确的。

考查短语辨析。inthetermsof无此表达;intermof就…而言;intermsof依据,按照;intermswith无此表达。因此B符合句意。

2.单选题

Whowouldhavethoughtwewouldbecomeaplanetof“ologies”？There’sbiology,psychology,herpetology,etymology,andgeologyjusttonameafew.However,one“ology”trulyhelpsustounderstandthemostpartofourplanet,ourenvironment.Ecology(whichisfilledwithecologists)isthestudyofecosystemsandthebeingsandorganismsthatinhabitthoseecosystems.Justthink,inconditionofbees,deerandotherorganisms,youareimportanttoecologists.

Ecosystemsarecommunitiesthatvaryinsizeandlocation.Theycanbeassmallasapatchofglassoraslargeastheentirebiosphere.Themanyvarietiesofplantsandanimalsthatexistinourplanetecosystemsareimportanttoourecosystems.Plantsinparticularprovideoxygenandnutrientsallorganismsneedtosurvive.Theseproducershavetheabilitytousethesun’senergytoproducefood(thinkphotosynthesis).Thisiswheretheanimalsandconsumersbecomeimportant.Theanimalsgettheirenergybyeatingtheplantsandotherorganismswithintheecosystem.Withouttheproducersandconsumers,decomposerswouldnothaveajob.Asyoumayhaveguests,decomposers,likebacteria,stepinbrokendown,theorganicmaterialsareabsorbedbythesoilandgasesaresentbackintoouratmosphere.ThewholeprocessisreadytostartagainthroughtheEarth’snaturalcycles.Therehastobeabalanceofproducers,consumers,decomposersinordertoremainabalancedecosystem.

Remember,allorganismsneedmatterandenergytosurvive.Anecosystemisbalancedwhenmatterandenergymoveefficientlythroughthoseecosystems.Justasyourbackpackhasalimitonthenumberofhugetextbooksitcancarryatanygiventime,allecosystemshavealimitonthepopulationstheycanmaintain.Carryingcapacityisthelargestpopulationanecosystemcansupportatanyparticulartime.Thesupportofthispopulationdependsontheamountofresources(matterandenergy)thatareavailableandthemovementofthoseresourceswithinthatecosystem.Ifenergyandmatteraremovingefficientlythroughanecosystem,thenthecurrentpopulationofplantsandanimalshasnotreachedbeyondtheecosystem’scarryingcapacity.Onceresourcesdwindleoranimalpopulationsincreasedramatically,theecosystemmaynotbeabletosupportthosepopulations.Fortunately,naturehasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceofecosystems:ecologicalresponsestochange,energytransfer,andfoodchainsandfoodwebs.

1.Thepurposeofstartingthearticlewiththeword-ending“ology”(Line1,Paragraph1)is（）.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,theecosystems（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,theword“producers”(Line3,Paragraph2)refersto（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatintheecosystemthejobforthe“decomposer”(Lines6,Paragraph2)isto（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,（）hasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceoftheecosystems.

问题1选项

A.totracetheoriginof“ology”

B.togiveanexampleforthemeaningof“ology”

C.tointroducetheterm“ecology”

D.toillustratetheimportanceofbalancingtheecosystems

问题2选项

A.areindangerofbeingdestroyed

B.areverysmallinsize

C.referonlytotheentirebiosphere

D.varygreatlyinsizeandlocation

问题3选项

A.plants

B.animals

C.ecologists

D.consumers

问题4选项

A.absorbthesun’senergy

B.produceoxygenandnutrients

C.breakdownthedungandtheremainsofdeadorgan

D.eattheplantsandanimals

问题5选项

A.humanbeings

B.theenvironment

C.animalsandplants

D.nature

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据原文可知，作者之所以用后缀“ology”开始文章，目的在于引出本文的主题：生态学。选项C正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句“Ecosystemsarecommunitiesthatvaryinsizeandlocation.”生态系统是大小和位置不同的群体，选项D与原文表述一致。

3.词义推断题。结合上下文及句意可知，“producers”即上句提及的“Plants”。选项A正确。

4.信息推断题。根据第二段的倒数第三句“分解者，如细菌，进入分解，有机物质被土壤吸收，气体被送回我们的大气层。”选项C动物的粪便和残骸均属于有机物，所以正确。

5.事实细节题。根据最后一段最后一句“naturehasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceofecosystems...”可知选项D正确。

3.写作题

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonScienceandHumanity.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Yourpositiononthetopic;

2.Positivesideoftheissue;

3.Negativesideoftheissue;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】ScienceandHumanity

Scienceisanindispensableelementtoanyexistingsociety.Sciencecanpromotetheprogressofoursociety.Scienceenablespeopletogetridofstupidity,superstitionandignorance.Sciencemeansprobingintotheregularityofthings,i.e.seekingtruth.Sciencecanrenderpeoplemorerationalintheprocessofsolvingcertaindifficultproblems.Wecanhardlysurviveinthisworldwithoutthepotentsupportofscience.Butscienceitselfcannotsolveproblemsrelatedtohumanityautomatically.

Humanityisasimportantasscience.Humanitysteersthecourseofscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.Humanitycanalsopromotethehealthydevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Humanitymeanspursuinggoodness.Humanityisconducivetotheharmonyandstabilityofoursociety.Withoutscience,humanityisanemptytalk.

Scienceandhumanityhavedifferentconnotationsbutthereisanintrinsicconnectionbetweenthem.Theyarethetwoindispensableelementsofasociety’sdevelopmentandprogress.Theycomplementratherthanrepeleachother.Asocietythatoveremphasizessciencebutignoreshumanityisnotperfect.Onethatoveremphasizeshumanitybutoverlooksscienceisnotperfect,either.

Basedontheabovediscussion,itcanbeconcludedthatsciencehasitslimitationsandsodoeshumanity.SoIstronglysuggestthatpeopleharnesshumanityasaguidelinewhiledevelopingsciencebecausehumanitycandirectthedevelopmentofsciencecorrectly.Ofcourse,nevershouldpeoplebelittlesciencebecausescienceisthebasisonwhichpeoplecansurviveintheworld.

4.单选题

Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.Theworstoftheseisthrift,whichinearlyandmiddlelifeiswisdomanddutytopracticeforaprovisionagainstdestitution.Astimegoesonthisvirtueisapttoturnintotheugliest,cruelest,shabbiestofthevices.Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.Thenthemiserhadhisplaceamongthegreatfiguresofmisdoing;hewasofadramaticeffect,likeamurdererorarobberandsomethingofthisbaddistinctionclungtohimevenwhenhiscoinshadchangedtopapercurrency,theclean,whitenotesoftheonlyEnglishbank,orthegreenbacks,ofourinnumerablebanksofissue;butwhenthesenseofricheshadbeentransmutedtothebalanceinhisfavorathisbanker’s,orthebondsinhisdraweratthesafety-depositvault,allsplendorhadgoneoutofhisvice.Hisbademinencewasgone,butheclungtothelustofgainwhichhadrankedhimwiththepicturesquewrong-doers,andwhichonlyruinfromwithoutcouldsavehimfrom,unlesshegavehisremnantofstrengthtosavinghimselffromit.Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.

1.Thisshortpassageismainlytotellthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,oneisthoughtviciouswhenhe（）.

3.Theitalicizedexpression“gloatingupon”probablymeans（）.

4.Thewords“inthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions”attheendofthepassagesuggestsanotionthat（）.

问题1选项

A.manbecomesincreasinglygreedywhengettingold

B.amisercanbehonestifhedoesnowrongact

C.agecanhelpconvertsomevirtueintovice

D.misersallstartedfromtryingtobethrifty

问题2选项

A.gathersupmoneyatthesacrificeofallhisfamilymembers

B.practicesendlessthriftytoguardhispeoplefrompoverty

C.storescontinuouslyforhisownandhisrelatives’needs

D.savestoomuchbutwouldn’tspenditforthenecessary

问题3选项

A.thinkingwithslightguilt

B.seeingwithmuchsatisfaction

C.touchingwithgreatawe

D.hearingwithlittledelight

问题4选项

A.stinginessmaycauseaveryrichmantodieverypitiful

B.richpeoplemaystilltake50millionascomparativelittle

C.oneremainsdiscontentwithallhehasgaineduntilhisdeath

D.therichareinconsiderateofthemajoritythatliveinpoverty

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章的中心句是第一句Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.（有些缺点会随着年龄的增长而消失，有些美德会随着岁月的流逝而变成恶习。），接着文章以节俭为例说明主题。因此C选项“年龄可以使美德变为邪恶”正确。A选项“人越老越贪婪”和原文随着岁月的流逝节俭变成恶习的意思混淆，所以A错误。B选项“如果守财奴没有做错事，他也可以是诚实的”在文中没有提及，所以B错误。D选项“吝啬鬼都是从努力节俭开始的”是文中的一个细节，不能概括文章主旨，所以D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第四句Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.（有这种陋习的人发现他们自己不断地储存，致使其他远亲们一无所获。），说明被视为罪恶的原因是只顾自己积蓄，不帮助其他远亲。因此D选项“储蓄太多，但不愿花在必要的地方”正确。A选项“牺牲所有的家庭成员来攒钱”，B选项“孜孜不倦地节俭以保护他的人民免受贫困”，C选项“不断地储存以满足自己和亲戚的需要”均不是被视为罪恶的原因，所以A，B，C错误。

3.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第五句Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.（在早期，财富是以金或银作为象征的，当守财奴接触到自己的财富时，听到硬币从他的手指间叮当作响地掉下时，就会感到一种感官上的快乐，而且还会因为硬币的增加而沾沾自喜。），说明“gloatingupon”在这里的意思是满意地看到自己的财富增加。因此B选项“满意地看到”正确。A选项“带着轻微的负罪感思考”，C选项“充满敬畏地触摸”，D选项“听着不太高兴”不符合原文的意思，所以A，C，D错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一句Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.（大多数上了年纪的人都明白吝啬的下场，但是没几个人像那位老人一样坦率地说过，富人死得并不体面，他死时虽然有五千万的财富，但相对来说，他精神上是十分贫困的。），说明这句话暗示的内容是虽然吝啬的人可能会非常富有，但他们死去时的处境也是很可怜的。因此A选项“吝啬可能会使一个非常富有的人死得很可怜”正确。B选项“富人可能仍然觉得五千万很少”，C选项“一个人直到死前都不满足于他所得到的一切”，D选项“富人不考虑大多数生活在贫困中的人”的说法均太笼统，所以B，C，D错误。

5.案例题

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可以看出，美国民众和经济学家们对移民影响的看法不同。选项D正确。选项A，科学家们已经给出了自己的看法，不存在困扰一说；选项B美国经济过去因移民而得以繁荣，在第一段并没有提及；选项C经济学家们认为应该鼓励移民，在第一段中也没有信息提及。

2.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以当地低技能工人受移民影响最大的原因是他们很难找到一份收入体面的工作。

4.

根据第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他们最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。选项D符合原文。

5.

根据最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有讽刺意味的是，外界所有过度兴奋的辩论，对移民的影响却微乎其微。选项C人们对某些影响很小的事情其实有些小题大做了，符合原文。

6.单选题

（）2.6millionpeoplestartingdietsonNewYear’sDay,researchsuggeststhatbytheendoftheweek92percentofdietersgaveup，shunningexerciseandgorgingoncomfortfood.

问题1选项

A.Inspite

B.Although

C.While

D.Despite

【答案】D

【解析】考查词语辨析。inspite应与of搭配；although“尽管”，连词；while“然而，连词；当……的时候”；despite“尽管”，介词。空格后是名词短语，因此前面只能是介词。句意：年底前的研究表明，尽管2.600万人元旦开始节食，92%的节食者在一周后就放弃了,然后回避运动并大吃安慰食品。因此选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Afterafewdays,exhaustion______andtheclimberswereforcedtogiveuptheirattempttoreachthetopofthemountain.

问题1选项

A.setoff

B.setin

C.setto

D.setout

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。setoff“出发”；setin“开始，流行”；setto“开始认真干”；setout“开始，成列”。句意：几天后，疲惫渐渐袭来，爬山者被迫放弃爬到山顶的尝试。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

AFrenchmanwhohasanunusuallysensitivenosecan（）hundredsofdifferentsmells.

问题1选项

A.nominate

B.dominate

C.eliminate

D.discriminate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项nominate“推荐，提名”，B项dominate“控制，支配”，C项eliminate“消除，排除”，D项discriminate“歧视，区别”。根据关键词sensitivenose（敏感的鼻子）和differentsmells（不同的气味）可知，只有D项符合。句意：一个法国人拥有异常灵敏的鼻子，可以辨别数百种不同的气味。因此，该题选择D项正确。

9.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

ThereareseveralthingsworthnotingaboutcognitiveneurosciencethatarealsoreflectedintheArticlesinthisspecialissueofScience.Firstistheideathatdistributedbrainnetworksunderliecomplexbehaviors.Intheearlydaysofthefield,mostneuroscientistsfocusedonindividualbrainregionsandtheirresponses.Thesensorydomainwasparticularlycaptivating;onecould,forexample,appropriatelytalkabouthyper-complexcellsinthevisualsystemthatrespondedtocomersortheexistenceofcorticalcolumnsastheorganizingbasisforneuro-sensoryinput.Itisbecomingclear,however,thattheprocessingofinformationthatleadstocomplexbehaviorssuchaslearningandmemoryinvolvesmultiplebrainregionsthatmustoperateinaninteractiveparallel.

【答案】关于神经科学某些方面的事情是值得注意的,而这几个值得关注方面在这一期的《科学》杂志特刊上均有所体现。首先,其中一个观点说的是遍布的大脑网络是构成人复杂行为的基础。在有关这个领域的早期研究中,大多数的神经科学家专注于研究单独的大脑区域及其反应行为。感官领域尤为引人新奇,例如,你可以适当地谈论视觉系统中的复杂细胞,这些细胞对大脑沟回和皮层柱的反应构成了神经感觉输人的基础。无论怎样,有一点是可以肯定的,例如学习和记忆等复杂行为的信息处理过程一定是涉及到多个大脑的区域并且以交互式平行的方式进行运作。

10.单选题

Thegirlwas（）Juliaafterhergrandmother.

问题1选项

A.appointed

B.named

C.nominated

D.elected

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。benamedafter以…的名字命名，和…的名字一样。句意：这个女孩以她祖母的名字命名为茱莉亚。选项B正确。

11.不定项选择题

Toattracttourismtoone’scountrywasoncethoughtofasanunqualifiedsuccess;thereseemedtobenonegativeaspectstoit.However,todaywearecomingtorealizethattourismisamixedblessing:ithasadvantagesanddisadvantages.Ontheonehand,itcanbringmoneytopartsoftheworldthatverymuchneedit.Peoplecanearnagreatdealthroughtourism.Andthisincomecanhelptopreservetheenvironment.Anythingthathelpstoprotecttheecosystem,theinterrelatedcommunityofplantsandanimalsthatmakesuptheEarth,isofcourse,possible.

Arecentworry,however,isthefactthattouristscancauseseriousdamagetothefragileenvironmentstheylovetovisit.Ecosystemsaredelicateandeasilydamaged.Aroundtheworld,areasareendangeredbythelargenumberoftouristswhovisitthem.Oneverycontinent,tourismthreatenstheenvironment.Eventrekkerswhotakedifficultjourneysonfootcancausedamage.

Thereare,then,seriousdangersthatcomewiththepromiseoftourism.Everyadvantagebringswithitrealdisadvantagesandviceversa.Thisdilemmamakesplanningdifficultfornationtryingtodecidewhattodo.Countriescanmakeagooddealmoremoneyfromthetouristindustrythantheyneedtoputintoattractingtourists.Thisfinancialprofitcanhelpnationsprotecthabitatswhereendangeredanimals(andplants)live.Theseeffortscanassurethesurvivalofwildlifethatotherwisewouldnotcontinuetoexist.Italsomaybethattourismcanhelpstrengthenlocalculturesbyencouragingawarenessoftraditionsandceremonies.Historicbuildingsthriveontourism.Theseculturallocationsenjoygreatsuccesswiththemoneyandattentionandrespectbroughtbytourism.

13.“Unqualified”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmostpossiblymeans____.

14.Whatisthebenefitofdevelopingtourisminacountry?

15.Whyistherearecentconcernabouttourism?

16.Whatisthereasonthatgovernmentsarearguingfortheirdecisions?

问题1选项

A.notlimited

B.notlegallyallowed

C.notentitled

D.notspecificallyrequired

问题2选项

A.Itcanbringmoneytopoorregions.

B.Itcanreducetheenvironmentalpollution.

C.Itcanimproveindividualquality.

D.Itcanestablishpositiverelationshipinacommunity.

问题3选项

A.Alargeamountoftouristsmaynotbeproperlyaccommodated.

B.Hikersmayfacegreatdifficultiesinpreservedtouristsites.

C.Localresidentsmayseverelydisturbedbylargenumberoftourists.

D.Touristsandtourismmayputthelocalenvironmentindanger.

问题4选项

A.Tourismisundoubtedlyahighlycapitalizedindustry.

B.Theincomeoftourismcanactuallyhelpprotectendangeredspecies.

C.Tourismisdeprivingthehabitatsofendangeredplantsandanimals.

D.Localculturesareimpairedbythefloodingadventoftourists.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】13.【选项释义】

“Unqualified”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmostpossiblymeans____.第一段第一行的“Unqualified”很可能是____的意思。

A.notlimitedA.没有限制的

B.notlegallyallowedB.不合法的

C.notentitledC.没有授权的

D.notspecificallyrequiredD.没有特别要求的

【考查点】词汇推测题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词thefirstlineofthefirstparagraph定位到原文第一段第一句，该句提到“吸引游客到一个国家旅游曾一度被认为是____成功的；它似乎没有消极的方面（nonegativeaspectstoit）。”“Unqualified”修饰的是“成功”，根据分号后的内容“没有消极的方面”推测，前半部分指的是，百分之百的成功，A选项“没有限制的”最符合原文语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“不合法的”，原文没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“没有授权的”，原文没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“没有特别要求的”，原文没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。

14.【选项释义】

Whatisthebenefitofdevelopingtourisminacountry?一个国家发展旅游业的好处是什么？

A.Itcanbringmoneytopoorregions.A.它可以给贫困地区带来资金。

B.Itcanreducetheenvironmentalpollution.B.它可以减少环境污染。

C.Itcanimproveindividualquality.C.它可以提高个人素质。

D.Itcanestablishpositiverelationshipinacommunity.D.它可以在群体中建立良好的关系。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】本题询问的是“发展旅游业的好处”，原文第一段第三句提到“一方面，它可以为世界上急需资金的地区带来资金（bringmoneytopartsoftheworldthatverymuchneedit）。”由此可知，原文提到的好处是A选项“它可以给贫困地区带来资金”。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“它可以减少环境污染”，原文第一段第三、四句提到“人们可以通过旅游赚很多钱。这些收入可以帮助保护环境（helptopreservetheenvironment）”，原文第二段第一句提到“游客可能会对脆弱环境造成严重破坏（causeseriousdamagetothefragileenvironments）。”由此可知，原文虽然提到通过旅游业赚的钱可用于保护环境，但这并不是发展旅游业直接带来的，相反，游客会破坏环境。另外，原文也没有关于“环境污染”的直接表述。总之，该选项不符合题意，属于曲解原文；

C选项“它可以提高个人素质”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“它可以在群体中建立良好的关系”，可定位到原文第一段最后一句，该句提到“生态系统是由组成地球的动植物组成的相互关联的群体（theinterrelatedcommunity）。”由此可知，原文提到“community”是在对生态系统进行解释，并且这并不是发展旅游业的好处，该选项属于出处错位。

15.【选项释义】

Whyistherearecentconcernabouttourism?为什么最近会出现对旅游业的担忧？

A.Alargeamountoftouristsmaynotbeproperlyaccommodated.A.大量游客的住宿问题可能得不到妥当的安排。

B.Hikersmayfacegreatdifficultiesinpreservedtouristsites.B.徒步旅行者在保存完好的旅游景点可能会面临很大的困难。

C.Localresidentsmayseverelydisturbedbylargenumberoftourists.C.大量游客可能会严重扰乱当地居民的生活。

D.Touristsandtourismmayputthelocalenvironmentindanger.D.游客和旅游业可能会对当地环境造成威胁。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词arecentconcernabouttourism可定位到原文第二段第一句，该句提到“最近的一个担忧（Arecentworry）是，游客可能会对他们喜欢去的地方的、脆弱的环境造成严重破坏（seriousdamagetothefragileenvironments）。”由此可知，最近会出现对旅游业的担忧，是因为D选项“游客和旅游业可能会对当地环境造成威胁”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“大量游客的住宿问题可能得不到妥当的安排”，可定位到原文第二段第三句，该句提到“在世界各地，大量游客危害到了一些地区”，本段讲的是旅游业破坏环境的问题，所以这里是指危害到了一些地区的环境，原文没有提到游客的住宿问题，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“徒步旅行者在保存完好的旅游景点可能会面临很大的困难”，可定位到原文第二段最后一句，该句提到“即使是徒步的人也会造成伤害”，由此可知，原文提到徒步的人，只是说他们也会对环境造成破坏，并没有说他们在保存完好的旅游景点可能会面临很大的困难，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“大量游客可能会严重扰乱当地居民的生活”，可定位到原文第二段第三句，该句提到“在世界各地，大量游客危害到了一些地区”，本段讲的是旅游业破坏环境的问题，所以这里是指危害到了一些地区的环境，原文没有提到严重扰乱当地居民的生活，该选项属于无中生有。

16.【选项释义】

Whatisthereasonthatgovernmentsarearguingfortheirdecisions?是什么理由支持了政府的决定？

A.Tourismisundoubtedlyahighlycapitalizedindustry.A.旅游业无疑是一个高度资本化的产业。

B.Theincomeoftourismcanactuallyhelpprotectendangeredspecies.B.旅游业的收入实际上可以帮助保护濒危物种。

C.Tourismisdeprivingthehabitatsofendangeredplantsandanimals.C.旅游业正在剥夺濒危动植物的栖息地。

D.Localculturesareimpairedbythefloodingadventoftourists.D.当地文化被大量游客的到来所破坏。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】“政府的决定”是发展旅游业，根据题干关键词governments定位到原文第三段第四句，该句提到“国家可以从旅游业中赚到的钱比他们需要投入到吸引游客上的钱多得多。”后文提到“这些经济利润（Thisfinancialprofit）可以帮助各国保护濒危动物（和植物）的栖息地（protecthabitatswhereendangeredanimals(andplants)live）。这些努力可以确保野生动物的生存（assurethesurvivalofwildlife），否则它们就会灭绝。”由此可知，旅游业实际的收入更多，并且这些收入可用于保护环境、保护濒危动物，B选项“旅游业的收入实际上可以帮助保护濒危物种”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“旅游业无疑是一个高度资本化的产业”，原文没有提到旅游业高度资本化，也没有提到这是政府支持发展旅游业的原因，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“旅游业正在剥夺濒危动植物的栖息地”，原文第三段第五句提到“这些经济利润可以帮助各国保护（protecthabitats）濒危动物（和植物）的栖息地。”由此可知，发展旅游业的经济利润可以保护濒危动植物的栖息地，该选项属于反向干扰；

D选项“当地文化被大量游客的到来所破坏”，可定位到原文最后一段第七句，该句提到“旅游业还可以通过鼓励人们对传统和仪式的认识，帮助加强当地文化（strengthenlocalcultures）。”由此可知，发展旅游业可以帮助发展当地文化，该选项属于反向干扰。

12.单选题

Doweneedlawsthatpreventusfromrunningriskswithourlives?Ifso,thenperhapslawsareneededprohibitingthesaleofcigarettesandalcoholicdrinks.Bothproductshavebeenknowntokillpeople.Thehazardsofdrinkingtoomuchalcoholareasbadasorworsethanthehazardsofsmokingtoomanycigarettes.Allrightthen,let’spassalawclosingtheliquorstoresandthebarsinthiscountry.Let’sputanendonceandforalltotheruinousdiseasefromwhichasmanyas10millionAmericanscurrentlysufferalcoholism.

Butwait,we’vealreadytriedthat.For13years,between1920and1933,therewerenoliquorstoresanywhereintheUnitedStates.TheywereshutdownabolishedbyanamendmenttotheConstitution(the18th)andbyalawofCongress(theVolsteadAct).AfterJanuary20,1920,therewassupposedtobenomoremanufacturing,selling,ortransportingof“intoxicatingliquor”.Withoutanymoreliquor,peoplecouldnotdrinkit,andiftheydidnotdrinkit,howcouldtheygetdrunk?Therewouldbenomoredangerstothepublicwelfarefromdrunkennessandalcoholism.Itwasallverylogical.Andyetprohibitionofliquor,beer,andwinedidnotwork.Why?

Because,lawornolaw,millionsofpeoplestilllikedtodrinkalcohol.Andtheywerewillingtotakerisksofgettingit.Theywerenotabouttochangetheirtastesandhabitsjustbecauseofachangeinthelaw.Andgangsofliquorsmugglersmadeiteasytobuyanillegaldrink.TheysmuggledmillionsofgallonsoftheoutlawedbeveragesacrosstheCanadianandMexicanboarders.DrinkerswereluckytoknowofanillegalbarthatservedMexicanorCanadianliquor.Crimeanddrunkennesswerebothsupposedtodeclineasaresultofprohibition;insteadpeopledrankmorealcoholthanever—oftenpoisonedalcohol.

OnDecember5,1933,theyrepealedprohibitionbyratifyingthe21stAmendmenttotheConstitution.

1.WhichofthefollowingwasNotacharacteristicreasonfortheproposalofthe18thAmendmenttotheConstitutionandtheVolsteadAct?

2.During