中考英语总复习专项突破语法复习《动词及动词短语》精品学案(整理含答案)

中考英总习专项破法复习品学案语动及词语考一常易动辨．spend/pay/cost/take表示“花费”。主语是人，可指花费时间和金钱spend...on...;spend...(in)doingspendsth.paycosttake

主语是人，指花费金钱。pay...for...spend...on主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱sth.(sb.)．..多用it作式主语，指花费时间Ittakessb....todosth.＝Sb.spend...(in)doingsth.2.look/watch/see/read表“看”。lookwatchseeread

看动)；可单独成句；at...看电、比赛；视看见(结果；望；理(see.)看书报；★look可以表示“看上去”，感官动词，后接形容词。★看病看生用seeadoctor示。．speak/say/talk/tell表示“说”。speaksaytalktell

发言；说某种语言)说内)；有谈论，aboutsth.;talkto/withsb.告诉；讲述tell(not)todosth.感官词look/taste/sound/feel/smell。looktastesound

看起来视)尝起来味)听起来听)1feel

摸起来触)smell表“借”。

闻起来嗅)borrowlendkeep6.hope/wish/expect

(向别人借；borrowsth.fromsb.借给(别人;lendsth.tosb.借用若干时间；keep...for2dayshopewishexpect

希望；hopetotosth.;hopethat从句但愿、希望；wishtodosth.;wishtodosth.;wish＋that从句期待、期望；expecttodosth.;expecttodosth.7.forget/leaveforgetleave

表示“忘记”时通不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用8.hear/listen/soundhearlistensound9.wear/puton/dress/bein

听见；hear＋名词强听的结)听；listento＋名词强听的过)听起来；sound＋形容词(强调听的效)wearputondressbein

“穿着；戴着”，强调状态后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等“穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“takeoff“穿衣”，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服”dressonself“打扮；给自己穿衣服”表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表示颜色的词10.reach/get/arrive2“到达”，是及物动(比get更式)其后可直接接地点名词作宾(不能用reach介词)get“达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词to“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地)或in(一般arrive用于较大的地方单项选择．—Oh,dear!Ican'tfindmykeytotheoffice.—Don'tIthinkyoumightitinyourcar.A．offerB．forgetC．borrowD．leave．—Wow,yoursweaterisverybeautiful!Howmuchisit?—Thankyou.Itme30dollars.A．spentB．CcostD．took考二动短辨常考的动词短语辨析有三种一种是同一动词的不同搭配二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。．同动词的不同搭配：①look短语lookafter照料；照顾look看lookfor寻；寻求lookforward盼；期待lookout当；向外看lookthrough快查看；浏览lookup(在词典、参考书中或通电查阅；抬头看lookupto钦佩；仰慕②cut短cutdown砍倒减少cutoff除cutout删；删去cutup切碎③run短runafter追逐；追赶runaway跑开runout(of)用尽；耗尽3④turn短语turndown调低拒绝turnup调高o变turnon接(电流、煤气、水)；打开turnoff关turnleft/right向/转⑤take短语take外或行为像takeof照顾；处理takedown拆除往下拽；记录takein吸；吞入体内)takeoff脱；起飞takeplace发生；出现takeup(尤指为消遣)学做；开始做；占据⑥get短getdressed穿上服getinto陷入参与getlost迷路getoff下geton上车geton和相处；关系良好getup起；站起⑦use短be/getusedto习于beusedtodo被来做……usedto曾……；过去……⑧give短语giveaway赠送捐赠giveout分发；散发giveup放givein屈⑨call短语call(sb.)给人回话callin召；叫来callup打话给某人；征召⑩come短语cometrue实现成为现实comeupwith想；提出主、计划、回答)bring短语bringback恢复使想起；归4bringout使现；使表现出短语fallasleep进梦乡；睡着falldown突然下；跌倒；倒塌fallinlove爱；喜欢上fallover绊倒短语goalong(thestreet)沿(这街走gooff(闹钟)发出响声goout外出娱乐短语makesure确保查明makeup编(故事、谎言)短语puton增(体重；胖；穿putoff推迟putup搭；举起；张贴put收拾整)好putsth.togood好利某物短语setout出；启程setup建起建立2．一副词或介词与不同动词搭配：①up短callup打话(某人；征召cheerup(使变得更高兴；振奋起来cleanup打扫或除干cutup切dressup装扮；装打扮endup最成为；最后处于fixup修理解决giveup放growup长；熟hurryup赶快急忙look查找；抬头看makeup编(故事、谎言)pickup捡；接电话putup起；举起setup建；建立showup赶；露面熬夜(尤指为消遣学做；开始做占据5wakeup醒叫醒②out短blowout吹bringout使显；使表现出checkout察；观察clear清理；丢掉findout查；弄清give分发；散发goout外出(娱乐handout分发hangout闲；常去某处layout摆开；布置leaveout不包；不提及；忽略(of)用尽；耗尽sellout卖出发；启程workout成功地发；解决③down短语diedown逐渐弱；逐渐消失let...down使…失望liedown下pull...down拆；摧毁writedown写；记录下④with短语agreewith同意赞成compare...with比较；对比connect...with...把……和…连接或联系起来dealwith应付处理partwith放弃交(尤指不得的东西3．全不同的动词词组：askfor请；恳求给)carefor照顾；非常喜欢believein信任信赖careabout关心；在意clean...把…擦掉dependon靠；信赖o把…分开separatefrom开；分离hearfrom接到某人的信电等throwaway扔掉抛弃drop顺便访问；随便进入stickto坚持固守payattentionto注意；关注passby路；经过pay付费；付出代价preparefor为…做准备pulltogether齐协力；通力作6shutoff关；停止运转takesb.'splace代替替换thinkof认为(一单项选择．Annaispreparingforthecomingexam,soshehastotheinvitationtotheparty.A．turnonB．．turnoffD．up．Thesenewtypesofenergycostlittleandwillnever．A．lookoutB．outC．runoutD．stayout．—Jackistellingeveryonehehasboughtanewcar.—Paynoattentiontohim.Heisjust．A．takingoffB．showingoffCdrivingoffD．settingoff．—I'msorrytoonyou,butthereareoneortwothingsdon'tunderstand.—doesn'tmatter.A．

B．cutoutC．inDcutoff(二完成句子如果你不想陷入麻烦，就不要忽略任何小错误。Ifyoudon'twanttogetintotrouble,don'tanysmallmistakes.考三情动7★情态动词过去式与原形相比，表示更委婉的语气。．mustn't表否定意义，意为“禁止，不允许”。8．haveto有人称、数和时态的变化，表示受客观条件限制，意为“得不”。Shehastotakethebustowork.不得不坐公交车去上班。．“May...”句式的否定回答No,...can't.“Must...？”句式的否定回答No,...单项选择．)RecentlypeopleinChinatakemuchmoneyonshoppingbecausetheyoftenuseAlipay(支付宝．A．needn'tB．mustn't．shouldn'tD．can't．—Iswimhere?—I'msorry.Childrenswimalonehere.It'sverydangerous.A．Must;can'tB．．Can;mustn'tD．Can't;can．Tochildrenawayfromdangerduringthecomingsummerholiday,givethemsomesafetytips.A．shouldB．mayC．couldDmight．ThisbookbeLook!Hernameisonit.A．B．C．must．might考四系词系动词本身没有词义能独谓语能和表语一起构成谓语明语的身份性质、特征等。分类表示状态的系动词表示持续性的系动词表示感官的系动词表示变化的系动词

常见例词bekeep,remain,stay,standtaste,smell,feel,look,soundbecome,turn,go,grow,get单项选择．Thesoupwouldbettersalt.A．B．C．tasteD．．2018·重庆中B卷Thecakedelicious.I'dliketoanotherone.9A．tastesB．looksC．soundsDfeels．ThecheesecakesogoodthatIcan'twaiteatit.A．tastes

B．feelsC．sounds．smells考五助词．助词be主用来表示各种时态和被动语态。助词do有人和时态的变化主要用来构成谓语是实义动词的句的否定句问句或对谓语动词进行强调。DoyouknowChinawell？很解中国吗？Didyourfathercallyouyesterday你爸爸昨天给你打电话了吗？．助词可与过去分词构成各种时态。10Youhaven'tbeenabroadhave？你以前没出过国，是不是？单项选择—WhattimeJimusuallytakeashower,Rick?—usuallytakesaatsixforty.A．B．C．didD．doing参考答案考点一1～DC考点二1～BCBCleaveout考点三1～ACAC考点四1～CAD考点五B11考点一实义动词1.—WhatwrongwithSimon?Heisn’tattoday.—Hislegshurt.wasbymotorcyclethismorning.A.treatedB.hitC.operatedD.cured答案:B.Whiletravelingastrangeyou’dbetterthelocalpeopleandfollowtheir习).A.watch

B.changeC.controlD.teach答案:A考点二系动词1.Momismakingdinner.Itsonice!A.smells

B.tastesC.feelsD.sounds答案:A2.Thissilkdresssosmooth.It’sinChina.A.tastes

B.smellsC.soundsD.feels答案:D3.Thecake