(通用版)高考英语二轮复习考点过关练51《完形填空说明文》(含解析)

考点51完形填空说明文高考频度：★★★★★说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基础知识，进行分析﹑推理﹑判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。TheBeginningofDramaTherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedonthe

1thatdramaevolvedfromritual(宗教仪式).Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeings

2thenaturalforcesoftheworld—eventheseasonalchanges—asunpredictable,andtheysoughtthroughvariousmeansto

3theseunknownandfearedpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedto

4thedesiredresultswerethenkeptandrepeateduntiltheychangedinto

5rituals.6storiesarosewhichexplainedormaskedthemysteriesoftherituals.Astimespassed,someritualswere

7,butthestories,latercalledmyths,continuedtoexistandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.Thosewhobelievedthatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritualscontainedthe

8oftheatrebecausemusic,dance,masks,and

9werealmostalwaysused.

10,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformancesand

11theentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,a(n)

12divisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe＂areaofactingandtheatreinwhichanaudiencesits＂.Besides,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewas

13toavoidingmistakesinthepracticeofrituals,religiousleadersusually

14thattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimitated(模仿)otherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeings,andmimed(用哑剧表演出)the

15effect—successinhuntorbattle,thecomingrain,therevivaloftheSun—

16anactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentativeswereseparatedfrom

17activities.Anothertheorytracesthetheater’soriginfromthehumaninterestin

18.Accordingtothisview,talesaboutthehunt,warorotherthingsaretoldandgraduallyspread.

19throughtheuseofactionanddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilygymnasticorthatare

20ofanimalmovementsandsounds.1.A.background B.assumption C.evidence D.theory2.A.viewed B.employed C.imagined D.dismissed3.A.take B.possess C.guarantee D.control4.A.start B.show C.bring D.continue5.A.usual B.direct C.convincing D.fixed6.A.Apparently B.Actually C.Eventually D.Naturally7.A.spread B.abandoned C.followed D.celebrated8.A.seed B.content C.myth D.history9.A.costumes B.routines C.instructions D.performances10.A.Asaresult B.Infact C.Onthecontrary D.Inaddition11.A.when B.although C.unless D.while12.A.deep B.equal C.clear D.extra13.A.attached B.related C.committed D.tied14.A.putup B.tookup C.tookon D.puton15.A.unexpected B.unpredicted C.prepared D.desired16.A.whenever B.as C.whatever D.so17.A.social B.political C.economic D.religious18.A.accounts B.story-telling C.descriptions D.drama-writing19.A.atthattime B.atatime C.atfirst D.atonce20.A.imitations B.creatures C.presentations D.exhibitions【文章大意】文章介绍了关于古希腊戏剧的起源。1.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。background＂背景＂；assumption＂假定，假设＂；evidence＂证据＂；theory＂理论＂。句意：关于古希腊戏剧的开始有许多理论。其中一个最普遍为人接受的假设认为戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来。故选B。2.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。view＂考虑，认为＂；employ＂雇佣＂；imagine＂想象＂；dismiss＂解散，解雇＂。句意：人类认为世界的自然力量，甚至季节性变化，是不可预测的，他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。故选A。3.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。take＂拿，占＂；possess＂拥有＂；guarantee＂保证＂；control＂控制＂。参看上一题解析。故选D。4.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。start＂开始＂；show＂展示＂；bring＂带来＂；continue＂继续＂。句意：这些措施似乎带来了预期的效果，然后得到不断重复，直到它们变成了固定的仪式。故选C。5.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。usual＂通常，经常＂；direct＂径直的＂；convincing＂令人信服的，有说服力的＂；fixed＂固定的＂。参看上一题解析。故选D。6.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。apparently＂明显的＂；actually＂事实上＂；eventually＂最后地＂；naturally＂自然地＂。句意：最后解释或掩盖神秘的仪式的故事出现了。故选C。7.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。spread＂传播＂；abandon＂放弃＂；follow＂跟着＂；celebrate＂庆祝＂。句意：随着时间的流逝，一些仪式被抛弃，但这些故事，后来被称为神话，继续存在，并给艺术和戏剧提供了材料。故选B。8.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。seed＂种子＂；content＂内容＂；myth＂神话，虚构的人＂；history＂历史＂。句意：那些认为戏剧从仪式演化而来的人还认为，这些仪式包含了戏剧的萌芽，因为使用了音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装。故选A。9.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。costume＂服装＂；routine＂程序，日常工作＂；instruction＂指令，命令＂；performance＂表现，表演＂。参看上一题解析。故选A。10.D【解析】考查短语词义辨析。asaresult＂因此＂；infact＂事实上＂；onthecontrary＂相反＂；inaddition＂另外＂。根据下文＂besides＂提示可知，此处表示递进。故选D。11.A【解析】考查连词。句意：此外，必须为演出提供一个合适的场地。如果不是所有人共同参与，在表演的舞台与观众就坐的地区之间有一个明显的分界线。when＂如果＂引导条件状语从句，例如HowcanIgetajobwhenIcan’tevenreadorwrite？如果我连读和写都不会，我怎么找到工作？符合语境。故选A。12.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。deep＂深的＂；equal＂平等＂；clear＂清楚的＂；extra＂额外的＂。参看上一题解析。故选C。13.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。beattachedto＂附属于＂；berelatedto＂与……有联系＂；becommittedto＂献身于，致力于＂；betiedto＂束缚于，捆绑于＂。句意：此外，还有演员，而且因为避免在仪式出错相当重要，宗教领袖通常承担那项任务。故选A。14.C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。putup＂张贴，举起＂；takeup＂占据，从事＂；takeon＂呈现，承担＂；puton＂穿上＂。参看上一题解析。故选C。15.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unexpected＂意外的＂；unpredicted＂未预测到的＂；prepared＂准备好的＂；desired＂渴望的，想得到的＂。句意：戴着面具，穿着各种服装，他们经常模仿其他人、物、或超自然的生灵，还用动作表演来表现出想要得到的效果——打猎或战斗的胜利，即将到来的雨，太阳的升起——就像演员做得一样。故选D。16.B【解析】考查连词。whenever＂无论什么时候＂；as＂像……一样＂；whatever＂无论什么＂；so＂因此＂。参看上一题解析。故选B。17.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。social＂社会的，社会上的，交际的，社交的＂；political＂政治的＂；economic＂经济的＂；religious＂宗教的＂。根据上文提示可知，后来，这种戏剧性的表演与宗教活动分离了。故选D。18.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。account＂账，账目，存款，记录＂；story-telling＂讲故事＂；description＂描述＂；drama-writing＂写戏剧＂。根据下一句话中＂talesaboutthehunt,warorotherthingsaretold＂提示可知，另一种理论认为，戏剧的起源来自人类对讲故事的兴趣。故选B。19.C【解析】考查短语辨析。atthattime＂在那时＂；atatime＂一次＂；atfirst＂首先，开始时，起初＂；atonce＂立刻＂。根据本句中＂then＂提示可知，首先，讲述者通过动作和语言，然后……故选C。20.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。imitation＂模仿＂；creature＂生物＂；presentation＂呈现，表现，展示＂；exhibition＂展览＂。句意：另一个与之紧密相关的理论认为戏剧追溯到那些主要是体操或是模仿动物动作和声音的舞蹈上。故选A。题组一（高考真题）Cloze1(2019·全国卷III)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid-March-___41___sixmonthsoutoftheyear.Ofcourse,we___42___itwhenthesunisshining,"saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown’stourismoffice.“Weseetheskyis___43___,butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker—it’slikeona___44___day.”Butthat___45___whenasystemofhigh-tech___46___wasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks(山峰)intothevalleybelow.Wednesday,residents(居民)ofRjukan___47___theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto___48___.Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthat___49___themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe___50___andtocloseduringwindyweather.Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam(束)oflightontothetown’scentral___51___,creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters.Whenthelight___52___,Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether.“Peoplehavebeen___53___thereandstandingthereandtaking___54___ofeachother,"Rosays."Thetownsquarewastotally___55___.Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere."The3,500residentscannotall___56___thesunshineatthesametime.___57___,thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenoughforthetown’s___58___residents."It'snotvery___59___,”shesays,"butitisenoughwhenweare___60___.”41.A.only B.obviously C.nearly D.precisely42.A.fear B.believe C.hear D.notice43.A.empty B.blue C.high D.wide44.A.cloudy B.normal C.different D.warm45.A.helped B.changed C.happened D.mattered46.A.computers B.telescopes C.mirrors D.cameras47.A.remembered B.forecasted C.received D.imagined48.A.repair B.risk C.rest D.use49.A.forbids B.directs C.predicts D.follows50.A.day B.night C.month D.year51.A.library B.hall C.square D.street52.A.appeared B.returned C.faded D.stopped53.A.driving B.hiding C.camping D.siting54.A.pictures B.notes C.care D.hold55.A.new B.full C.flat D.silent56.A.block B.avoid C.enjoy D.store57.A.Instead B.However C.Gradually D.Similarly58.A.nature-loving B.energy-saving C.weather-beaten D.sun-starved59.A.big B.clear C.cold D.easy60.A.trying B.waiting C.watching D.sharingCloze2(2016·上海卷)Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthenowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively1workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe2,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,3,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom4withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(专制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof5people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto6tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral7.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional8managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout9managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授权)hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:10thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe11withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas12beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto13thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor14management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe15oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.1.A.desire B.seek C.lose D.dislike2.A.contrary B.expectation C.degree D.extreme3.A.viceversa B.forexample C.however D.otherwise4.A.outside B.inside C.below D.above5.A.replacing B.assessing C.managing D.encouraging6.A.refer B.contribute C.object D.apply7.A.agreement B.practice C.election D.impression8.A.bossy B.experienced C.western D.male9.A.asking B.training C.warning D.firing10.A.doubling B.maintaining C.reducing D.estimating11.A.honored B.left C.crowded D.compared12.A.economically B.traditionally C.inadequately D.occasionally13.A.deny B.admit C.assume D.ensure14.A.virtual B.ineffective C.day-to-day D.on-the-scene15.A.opinion B.risk C.performance D.attractivenessCloze3(2015·安徽卷) Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The1isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof2becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore. Howdidwe3athrowawaysociety?Firstofall,itisnoweasierto4anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.5modernmanufacturing(制造业)andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland6. Anothercauseisour7ofdisposable(一次性的)products.As8people,wearealwayslookingfor9tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies10thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew. Ourappetitefornewproductsalso11totheproblem.Weare12buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat13isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe14usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones. Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe15ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To16theamountofrubbishandtoprotectthe17,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.18,thisisnotenoughtosolve(解决)ourproblem. Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions19throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout20.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.1.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem2.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products3.A.face B.become C.observe D.change4.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw5.A.Thanksto B.Asto C.Exceptfor D.Regardlessof6.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful7.A.love B.lack C.prevention D.division8.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy9.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends10.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve11.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes12.A.tiredof B.addictedto C.worriedabout D.ashamedfor13.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger14.A.pickup B.payfor C.holdonto D.throwaway15.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences16.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure17.A.technology B.environment C.consumers D.brands18.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile19.A.by B.infavourof C.after D.insteadof20.A.spending B.collecting C.repairing D.advertising题组二（名校模拟题）Cloze1（2019•广东省广州市2019届高三模拟考试）AlwayswishedtheEarthhadasecondmoon？Thenyouwillbe1tohearthattheChengduAerospaceScienceInstitutehasplanstolaunchmultipleminimoonsoverthenextfewyears.Similartoour2satellite，thelightoftheartificialorb球体willbeobtainedfromthesunand3toEarthbyitsmirror﹣likecoating.Accordingtoitsdesigners,the4oflightbeingreflectedcanbecontrolledfromEarthandthelightcanevenbe5,ifnecessary.Whilethemultipleminimoonswillcertainlyappearpicturesque，theirmainpurposeistoconserve6TheChengduAerospaceexpertsclaimtheminimoon'sdusk—likeglowwillallowthegovernmenttoeventually7costlystreetlightsincities.TheyestimatethatusingtheartificialsatellitetolightupChengdu'sstreetsatnightwill8thecity1.2billionyuananally.Sincetheorb'slocationcanbe9moved，itcouldalsobeusedtoshinelightoverdisaster—struckareasthathavelost10.Oncethefirstminimoonis11successfully，theexpertsplantolaunchthree12ones.Together，thesatellites，whichwilltaketurnsdependingontheir13inrelationtothesun，areexpectedto14anareaof3，600to6，400squarekilometers.Whiletheorbswillbe15throughatelescopefromanywhereontheglobe,theirrealbeautywillonlybeseenbyvisitingChengdu.Officials,16,believetheywillbeahugetouristattraction，helpingimprovethecity's17.Asisoftenthecasewithmajor18,someexpertsareconcerned.They19thatthemoonswillimpactonthesleeppatternsofhumansandanimals.However，officialsbelievethesatelliteswillcauselittle，ifany20.1.A.pleased B.surprised C.alarmed D.relieved2.A.traditional B.unique C.natural D.famous3.A.carried B.reflected C.introduced D.transformed4.A.colour B.speed C.source D.amount5.A.sentout B.switchedoff C.givenaway D.turneddown6.A.resources B.animals C.farmland D.space7.A.rebuild B.expand C.improve D.remove8.A.bring B.leave C.save D.cost9.A.hardly B.easily C.frequently D.normally10.A.money B.home C.contact D.power11.A.travelling B.appearing C.working D.signaling12.A.additional B.special C.bright D.colourful13.A.size B.importance C.position D.function14.A.pickup B.takeup C.holdup D.lightup15.A.reliable B.visible C.available D.testable16.A.therefore B.however C.otherwise D.moreover17.A.population B.education C.evolution D.conflict18.A.drawback B.breakthroughs C.technology D.economy19.A.doubt B.conclude C.worry D.agree20.A.disturbance B.destruction C.satisfaction D.discussionCloze2(2019届河江西省高三模拟考试)September22,2018willbeWorldCar-FreeDay,adayonwhichpeopleacrosstheglobeareencouragedtofind___1___methodstomeettheirtransportationneedsandre-discoverbuses,bikes,andtheirown___2___.Onthisday,peoplegettogetherinthestreets,intersections,andneighborhoodblocksto___3___theworldthatwedon’thavetoacceptourcar-controlledsociety.While___4___alongtheselineshadtakenplacefromtimetotimestarting___5___the1973oilcrisis,itwasonlyinOctober,1994___6___astructuredcallforsuchprojectswas___7___inakeynotespeechbyEricBrittonattheInternationalAccessibleCitiesConferenceheldinToledo(Spain).ThefirstnationalcampaignwaslaunchedinBritainin1997,andtheFrenchfollowedsuitin1998.In2000,carBustersissuedanopen___8___fora“WorldCar-FreeDay”to___9___withEurope’sCar-FreeDayonSeptember22.___10___then,wehavebeguntocallforcitizenstoorganize___11___onornearthisday.However,wedonotwant___12___onedayofcelebrationsandthenreturnto___13___life.WorldCar-FreeDayisthe___14___timetoremindcityplannersandpoliticiansto___15___cycling,walkingandpublictransport.Itisuptous,citiesandgovernmentstohelp___16___permanentchangesto___17___pedestrians,cyclistsandotherpeoplewhodonotdrivecars.While___18___accomplishmenthasbeenachievedintermsofmediacoverage,theseevents___19___tobedifficulttoachieverealsuccessandevenadecadelaterthereisconsiderableuncertaintyabouttheusefulnessofthisapproach.Broadpublicsupportand___20___tochangeisneededforsuccessfulimplementation(执行).1.A.effective B.efficient C.useful D.alternative2.A.legs B.motors C.subway D.feet3.A.recall B.remind C.realize D.recommend4.A.projects B.events C.activities D.meetings5.A.as B.on C.with D.beyond6.A.when B.that C.where D.how7.A.undertaken B.submitted C.developed D.issued8.A.answer B.call C.wish D.longing9.A.connect B.involve C.consist D.concern10.A.Since B.Before C.After D.Right11.A.events B.affairs C.incidents D.accidents12.A.even B.still C.just D.ever13.A.usual B.previous C.ordinary D.average14.A.perfect B.limited C.accurate D.correct15.A.givewayto B.givepriorityto C.giveriseto D.giveinto16.A.employ B.decrease C.create D.increase17.A.assist B.benefit C.instruct D.influence18.A.constant B.similar C.envying D.considerable19.A.turnout B.workout C.carryout D.figureout20.A.approach B.attitude C.chance D.commitmentCloze3(2017届广东省顺德一中等六校高三第二次联考)IfyouassociatemodernBritishfictionwiththecool,lonelytonesofMartinAmisandJulianBarnes,andUSfictionwithJonathanFranzen’s

1innerworldsorJohnIrving’ssentimentality,itseemsyouhavegood

2.Ananalysisofthe

3textsofEnglish-languagebooksoverthe

4centuryconcludesthat,sincethe1980s,wordsthat

5emotionalcontenthavebecome

6morecommoninUSbooksthaninBritishones.The

7,byanthropologist(人类学家)AlbertoAcerbioftheUniversityofBristol,UK,andhiscolleagues,takesadvantageofGoogle’sdatabaseofmorethan5milliondigitally

8booksfromthepastseveralcenturies.Thisresourcehas

9beenusedtoexaminethe

10ofliterarystylesandtrendsinliteraryexpressionsofindividualism.Such

11oftheculturalinformationmadeavailablebynewtechnologieshasbeen

12＂culturomics＂(文化组学).Its

13thinkthattheseapproachescan

14trendsinsocialopinionsandstandardsofbehaviorthatare

15hiddenwithinvastquantitiesofdata.＂Languageuseinbooks

16whatpeoplearetalkingaboutandthinkingaboutduringa

17time,soGoogleBooksprovidesafascinating

18intothepast,＂sayspsychologistJeanTwengeofSanDiegoStateUniversityinCalifornia.The

19resultscertainlyseemtoshowthatinformaldescriptionsaboutsocialmoodarereflectedinthe

20(bothfictionandnon-fiction)ofthetwentiethcentury.1.A.independent B.emotional C.peaceful D.autonomous2.A.reason B.way C.excuse D.truth3.A.digitized B.translated C.adapted D.adopted4.A.old B.modern C.former D.past5.A.take B.include C.carry D.arrange6.A.significantly B.surprisingly C.doubtfully D.instructively7.A.book B.study C.experiment D.lecture8.A.written B.chosen C.scanned D.made9.A.formally B.casually C.never D.previously10.A.evolution B.development C.progress D.revolution11. A.learning B.mining C.searching D.using12.A.regarded B.formed C.appointed D.called13.A.opponents B.owners C.advocates D.writers14.A.examine B.discover C.cause D.generate15.A.certainly B.often C.also D.otherwise16.A.suggests B.reflects C.explains D.displays17.A.particular B.different C.hard D.pleasant18.A.window B.picture C.sight D.roof19.A.earliest B.best C.latest D.poorest20.A.literature B.science C.politics D.economics题组一Cloze1【语篇解读】本文属于说明文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。41.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A.only仅仅；B.obviously显然地；C.nearly几乎；D.precisely准确的。根据前文fromlateSeptembertomid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选C。42.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A.fear害怕；B.believe相信；C.hear听见；D.notice注意。根据后文Weseetheskyis43,butdowninthevalleyit'sdarker可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选D。43.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A.empty空的；B.blue蓝色的；C.high搞得；D.wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。44.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A.cloudy多云的；B.normal正常的；C.different不同的；D.warm温暖的。根据前文downinthevalleyit'sdarker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选A。45.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A.helped帮助；B.changed改变；C.happened发生；D.mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选B。46.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A.computers电脑；B.telescopes望远镜；C.mirrors镜子；D.cameras相机。根据后文toreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选C。47.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A.remembered记得；B.forecasted预报；C.received获得，收到；D.imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选C。48.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A.repair修理；B.risk风险；C.rest休息；D.use使用。根据前一句theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。putsthtouse把某物投入使用。49.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A.forbids禁止；B.directs指导，导演；C.predicts预测；D.follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。50.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A.day白天；B.night夜晚；C.month月；D.year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选A。51.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A.library图书馆；B.hall大厅；C.square广场；D.street街道。根据后文Thetownsquare可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。52.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A.appeared出现；B.returned归还；C.faded褪去；D.stopped停止。根据后文Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故选A。53.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A.driving驾驶；B.hiding隐藏；C.camping露营；D.sitting坐。根据本句andstandingthere可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选D。54.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A.pictures照片，图片；B.notes笔记；C.care照顾；D.hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故选A。55.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A.new新的；B.full满的；C.flat平坦的；D.silent沉默的。根据后文Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故选B。56.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A.block阻挡；B.avoid避免；C.enjoy喜欢，享受；D.store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选C。57.B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A.Instead代替；B.However然而；C.Gradually逐渐地；D.Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选B。58.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A.nature-loving热爱自然的；B.energy-saving节能的；C.weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D.sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选D。59.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A.big大的；B.clear清晰的；C.cold冷的；D.easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故选A。60.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A.trying尝试；B.waiting等待；C.watching观看；D.sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故选D。Cloze2【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。1.D根据后半句＂....willdoanythingtoavoidit＂可知人们本能上不喜欢工作，他们为逃避工作可以做任何事情。故D项正确。2.Atothecontrary相反的；tothedegree在某种程度上；totheextreme走向极端。此处是说，无论如何，尽管很多证据与这个理论相反，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A项正确。故B项正确。上面的＂正确。6.Breferto提到，谈到；contributeto做贡献，导致；objectto反对；applyto适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。7.A8.D根据前半句＂...womenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmen...＂可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效，因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D项正确。9.A根据前句＂...encourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative...＂（鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神），也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。故A项正确。10.C根据＂thetrendtowardsdownsizing＂（缩小规模的趋势）可知，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接作出决定而不需要请示上级，故动词＂reduce减少＂符合语境。11.Bbehonoredwith被授予；beleftwith留下，剩下；becrowdedwith挤满；becomparedwith与……相比，通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和与公众直接联系的一线管理人，省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的成效。故B项正确。12.Beconomically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地。根据后句Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrol可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B项正确。13.Ddeny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。14.Avirtual虚拟的；ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A项正确。15.Copinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句＂intermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem＂可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。cloze3 【文章大意】随着社会的发展，消费产品比例的增加，让越来越多的人选择将旧了但是还能用的用品扔掉，这带来了巨大的浪费和严重的污染，作者分析了造成这种现象的原因，并且给出了解决问题的方法。1.D根据第一段末句中的＂becausepeople...thaneverbefore＂可知这里描述的是一种世界各国正在面临的 问题(problem)。2.B根据空格后的原因状语从句＂becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore＂可知答案。3.B文章第二段、第三段和第四段分析了我们变成一次性物品充斥的社会的原因。由此可知此句是总领性的句子——我们是怎样变成一次性物品充斥的社会的。4.C因为此文谈及的是一次性物品充斥的社会。在一次性物品充斥的社会中，和花时间与金钱修理东西相比，更换一个东西当然要更容易些。hide＂隐藏＂；control＂控制＂；replace＂取代＂；withdraw＂提取＂。5.A由于现代制造业和技术，公司可以更快地、更加低成本地生产东西。thanksto＂幸亏，由于＂。6.C由上一句中的＂produceproductsquicklyandinexpensively＂可知，产品应该是充足的和便宜的。故此空应填cheap。7.A由第三段可知，人们喜爱一次性产品是因为它可以节约时间，使人们的生活更轻松。这里表明人们对一次性产品的喜爱是另外一个原因。prevention＂预防＂；division＂分开，分隔＂。8.D为什么要节约时间?是因为人们比较忙。busy＂忙碌的＂，符合语境。9.A忙碌的我们总是寻找节省时间的方法，故选ways。10.C公司生产许多不同种类的一次性产