考研考博-英语-南京理工大学紫金学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京理工大学紫金学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

AlthoughIdon’twishto______yourcontribution,Ifeelwemustplaceitintitsproperperspective.

问题1选项

A.magnify

B.expurgate

C.denigrate

D.belittle

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项magnify表示“放大，赞美”，B项expurgate表示“删除，删去”，C项denigrate表示“诋毁，使变黑，玷污”，D项belittle表示“轻视，贬低”。Although引导让步状语从句，根据主句的内容“我觉得我们必须正确地看待它”可推知，Idon’twishto______yourcontribution表示的是“我不想贬低你的贡献”。句意：虽然我不想贬低你的贡献，但我觉得我们必须正确看待它。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.单选题

FromherconversationI______thatshehadalargefamily.

问题1选项

A.estimated

B.suspected

C.predicted

D.deduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项estimated“（对数量、成本等的）估计”；B选项suspected“怀疑；觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）”；C选项predicted“预言”；D选项deduced“推断”。句意：从和她的谈话中我______她有一个大家庭。根据语境，通过谈话得出她有一个大家庭，谈话中得出信息和事实，deduced“推断”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

A______ofchickensarethosehatchedinanestatonetime.

问题1选项

A.flock

B.herd

C.brood

D.swarm

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项flock“群”，aflockof表示“一群（鸟，羊等）”；B项herd“兽群，畜群”，aherdof表示“一群（牛、鹿等）”；C项brood“一窝鸟，一窝动物”，abroodof表示“一窝”，适用于在母兽保护下的幼崽，尤指家养的或打猎用的鸟类的幼鸟；D项swarm“一大群，蜂群”，指一群昆虫，如蚂蚁、蜜蜂或黄蜂，aswarmof表示“一大群，一大堆”。根据关键词chicken可知，C项符合语境。句意：一窝小鸡是指一次孵出的小鸡。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.单选题

Topreserveone’sdignity,theequilibriumbetweenwidelydivergentimpulseshastobemaintained.

问题1选项

A.equality

B.confusion

C.distinction

D.poise

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。equilibrium表示“平衡，均衡”。A项equality“平等，相等”，B项confusion“混淆，混乱”，C项distinction“区别，差别”，D项poise“平衡，姿势”；句意：为了维护一个人的尊严，必须保持迥然不同的冲动之间的平衡。根据句意该题选D。

5.单选题

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelousrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

问题1选项

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleamed

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项glance“瞥闪，扫视，匆匆一看”；B选项glimpse“瞥见”；C选项glare“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；D选项gleamed“闪烁；隐约地闪现”。句意：这本小说包括对19世纪乡村生活的一瞥，绝妙而富于启发。glimpse“瞥见”，是glance的结果。“takeaglanceat...”（看一看）的结果便是“getaglimpseof...”（瞥见了），此句中，小说提到的是19世纪的乡村生活，是结果不是看一看的动作。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Thesenseofsmellcontrolsourbehaviorinwayswemaybeawareofonlyonanintuitivesubconsciouslevel.Generally,itisoften（1）andtakenforgranted.Butasoneresearchobserved,“Ofallthesenses,nonesurelyisso（2）asthatofsmell,itseffects（3）thepsychologyarebothwideanddeep,atonce（4）andsubtle.”

InEurope,andinFrance（5）,theancientandarcanesemi-scienceofaromatherapyiswidelyacceptedasalmosta（6）discipline.NotsointheUnitedStates,wheretheuseofessentialoils（7）fromherbs,fruits,flowersorotherplantlifehasbeen（8）mainlytocosmetics,massageoilsandskincareemollients.

That’schanging,thankstoanumberofseriousscientificstudiescoupledwithanewtechnologythatisexplodinginJapanandisbeginningtomakesignificantinroadsintheAmericanmarket.Environmentalfragrancing,（9）itisknown,involvesdispensingcomputer-controlledfragrancesinthehomeorworkplaceat（10）timesofthedayforspecificpurposes—tostimulateenergy,toenhancecreativityortosoothefrayednerves.

问题1选项

A.overwhelmed

B.overlooked

C.overemphasized

D.overworked

问题2选项

A.trivial

B.mysterious

C.secret

D.delicate

问题3选项

A.upon

B.with

C.into

D.about

问题4选项

A.influential

B.vital

C.enormous

D.obvious

问题5选项

A.inparticular

B.withoutexception

C.inessence

D.beyonddoubt

问题6选项

A.chemical

B.psychological

C.medical

D.physical

问题7选项

A.extracted

B.explored

C.extended

D.expanded

问题8选项

A.used

B.limited

C.made

D.charged

问题9选项

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.as

问题10选项

A.important

B.hard

C.different

D.changeable

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:D

第10题:C

【解析】1.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式,与is表被动。overwhelm淹没，压倒，受打击；overlook忽略，俯瞰，检查；overemphasize过分强调；overwork工作过度。空前句意为:我们可能只在直觉的潜意识层而所知晓,因此推测此处应表示“被忽视”,故选B。

2.形容词辨析。Trivial不重要的，琐碎的，琐细的；mysterious祌秘的，不可思议的；难解的；secret秘密的，机密的；delicate微妙的，精美的，易碎的。此处句意为:在所有感官中,嗅觉是最神秘的。

3.固定搭配。effectupon在…方面的影响。

4.形容词辨析。influential有影响的，有势力的；vital至关重要的，生死攸关的，有活力的;enormous庞大的，巨大的；obvious明显的，显著的。此处句意为:它对心理学的影响既广泛又深刻，既…又微妙。故D符合句意。

5.短语辨析。inparticular尤其，特别;withoutexception无例外地;inessence本质上，其实；beyonddoubt无容置疑，确实地。空格前“Europe欧洲”与“France法国”为包含关系,所以这里表示“在欧洲,尤其是法国”,故选A。

6.形容词辨析。chemical化学的；psychological心理的，心理学的，精神上的;medical医学的，药的，内科的；physical物理的，身体的，物质的。此处句意为:香熏疗法在法国几乎被广泛地认为是一种…学科,因此C符合句意。

7.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。extract提取，取出，摘录，榨取；explore探索，探测，探险；extend延仲，仲出；expand扩张，使膨胀。此处句意为:精油是从草本、水果、花或其他植物中…而来的。因此A符合句意。

8.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。use使用，运用;limit限制，限定;make使得，制造，形成，安排，构成；charge使充电，指责，索费。空格前表示:在美国却不是如此（即香熏疗法在美国不被认为是一种医学学科）,因此这里句意应为:精油的使用主要限制于化妆品等。故选B。

9.固定搭配。asitisknown众所周知。

10.形容词辨析。important重要的，有地位的；hard努力的，坚硬的，困难的，辛苦的，严厉的，猛烈的；different不同的，个别的，与众不同的;changeable无常的，可改变的，易变的。空格前为:在家里或工作场所施与电脑控制的芳香剂，空格后为:去激发能量、提升创造力或安抚紧张的祌经,由此可知空格处应为“在白天的不同吋间”,故选C。

7.单选题

Whenmywife,Meg,sufferedaseverestrokethatimmobilizedherleftside,Iknewwewouldbefacingagruelingodysseyinvolvingseveralhospitals,dozensofdoctorsandcountlesstherapysessions.WhatIwasn’tpreparedforwastheAmericanWayofManagedHealthCare,asystemthatisbureaucraticandoftendysfunctional.Yes,medicalpractitionersintheUnitedStatesaregenerallyconsideredamongthebestintheworld,andmywifeprimarilyhadfirst-ratecare,buttheirback-officepractice—abusinessdominatedbythird-partypayers—isbadlyrunatworstandwoefullyconfusingatbest.

Meg’sstrokeoccurredwhilewewerevacationinginthesouthofFrancelastsummer.Afterbeingstabilizedintheemergencyroomofasmallhospital,shewastransferredimmediatelytoalargeteachinghospital,whereshereceivedexcellenttreatmentinaworld-renownedstrokepavilion.WhenIreceivedthebillforher2—1/2-weekstayatthePasteurHospitalinNice,Iaskedthedeputyadministratorforanitemizedstatement.IknewI’dneedtoshowittoourhealth-insurancecompany—theoneinvoiceformorethan20,000eurowouldn’tdo.Theadministratorwaspuzzled.Therewereonlytwodailyrates,heexplained,oneforsoinsintensifs—orintensivecare—andanotherfornon-acutecare.Therewerenoextracharges;thenumerousambulancetransfers,MRIbrainscans,X-raysandassortedtestsassociatedwithanyseriousinjuryorillnesswereall-inclusive.Infact,theonlysupplementwas10.67Euros—about$13—adayforfoodwhich,althoughnotthree-starbistroquality,wascertainlyabargain,andbetterthananythingyoucaneatinaU.S.hospital.

I’mnotarguingthattheFrenchhealth-caresystemshouldbeaworldbenchmark,butcomparedwithwhatwefacedwhenwereturnedhome;itwasamodelofsimplicityandefficiency.Ofcourse,everythinginAmericanmedicalcareisalacarte,andtheinvoicesaresodensewithcodesandabbreviations,it’sawonderanyonecandecipherthem.Ioftenwonder,howmuchdoesthiscosttheAmericanpublicannually?

AtoneNewYorkhospital,wereceivedbillsfromdoctorswe’dneverheardof,includingonewhochargedforanofficevisitwhenMegcouldn’tevengetoutofbed.Themanagedcareprovider’scomputersenthimacheckwithoutquestion.Hadhenotbilledusfortheco-paymentIneverwouldhavenoticedtheerror.Overthepastfewmonths,Ispenthoursclearingupthesekindsofmistakes.Adoctorfriendwhoheadsadepartmentinalargehospitaladmittedthatthesekindsofcomplaintsarealltoocommon.

Meg’smedicaltabhasreachednearly$300,000,whichseemsmonumental,evengiventhenatureofhercatastrophicinjury.Thankfully,wewerecoveredformostofit.Yet$90,000ofthatfigurehadlittleornothingtodowithpatientcare.Roughly30centsofeachhealth-caredollargoestoadministration,ortheprocessingofpaperwork.Ifthatfigurecouldbereducedbyathird,even$30,000wouldgoalongwaytowardextendingherrehabtreatments.(Meg’s2004benefitshaverunout.)

WhenMegwasfinallydischargedafterspending56daysinhospitals,wereceivedco-paymentbillsforhermedicalequipment,includinganitemizedstatementforeveryextraonherwheelchair(no,thebrakeextensions,footpedals,armrest,anti-tipbars,seatandseatbeltarenotincluded).Buttheproviderbilledustwoways,oneforleasingthechairandanotherforpurchase.Evennow,afternumerousphonecalls,Istilldon’tknowwhetherweownorarerentingthewheelchair.

Theoutpatientrehabtherapysessionspresentedtheirownsetofchallenges.Thehospitalsentanumberofbills—printedinalphanumericcodes—foradditionalthousandsofdollarseventhoughwemadetheproperco-paymentsatthetimeoftreatment.BillingadministratorsbarelyraisedaneyebrowwhenItoldthemIhadspenttoomuchtimeonholdandwouldnolongerbothercallingtodisputethecharges.(Wehavesincereceivedautomatedearly-morningphonecallsaskingustocontactthehospital.)

I’vecheckedwithotherswhohavehadprotractednegotiationswithhealth-careprovidersandinsurersovercomplexmedicaltreatment.Theyechomyfrustration.Whyisitincumbentontherecipienttospendcountlesshoursrectifyingthemedicaladministration’smistakes?Howmuchextradoesthisprocessaddtothenation’sannualhealth-carebill?

Medicare—ourgovernment-subsidizedsystemthatcaresfortheelderly—hasamuchbetterrecordinadministrativecosts.Itspendsbetweenthreeandfourcentsofeverydollaronpaperworkandprocessing.Asingle-payersystemiseasierandcheapertorun.We’vehadatwo-tierhealth-caresystemintheUnitedStatesforawhile,andonlyonetierworks.Isn’tittimeformanagedcaretoslimdownandhelpitspatientsgetbetterinsteadofburdeningthemwithneedlesslyexpensivepaperwork?

1.“Odyssey”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingconcerningtheFrenchmedicalsystemisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

3.WhichofthefollowingconcerningAmericanhealth-caresystemisNOTtrue?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsAmericanhealth-caresystem?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.struggle

B.treatment

C.longjourney

D.time

问题2选项

A.Thehospitalprovidesgoodandcheapfood.

B.Thehospitalprovidesexcellenttreatmenttopatients.

C.Themanagementsystemissimpleandefficient.

D.Theonepageinvoiceisnotasclearasitemizedstatement.

问题3选项

A.Itiscomplex.

B.Itoftendoesnotwork.

C.Treatmentbillsarenotwithoutwork.

D.Onethirdoftheauthor’smoneywenttoadministration.

问题4选项

A.Angry

B.indifferent

C.Hopeful

D.Appreciative

问题5选项

A.complainaboutAmericanhealth-caresystem

B.appealforachangeinAmericanhealth-caresystem

C.criticizethesystemforitshighcostsinadministration

D.tellthereaderabouttheauthor’sexperiencesinthewholeprocess

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.语义推断题。根据关键词可定位到原文第一段的第一句，作者的妻子患上了中风，需要在几家医院，数十名医生之间辗转并接受无数次治疗，这对于他们来说是艰辛而又漫长的一个过程。接着作者在第二段第一句提及，他的妻子中风是去年夏天在法国度假的时候发生的，所以Odyssey指的是长途旅行，选项C正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“…shereceivedexcellenttreatmentinaworld-renownedstrokepavilion.她在世界著名的中风治疗馆受到了良好的治疗。”可知选项B正确；根据第二段后面部分的内容，作者拿着妻子住院的账单去向院长要更详细的说明用来向保险公司报销。但法国医院并不像美国医院那么复杂，所有价格都包含在内，没有额外的收费，除了每天10.67欧元的食物。由此可知，法国的医院管理系统既简单又高效，所以选项C正确；作者最后还说到医院的食物虽然不是三星级餐厅的品质，但很便宜，比美国医院吃的任何东西都好，所以选项A也符合原文。只有选项D是不正确的，并不是这个账单不够详细，而是法国的账单就是如此简单明了，涵盖了所有费用。

3.判断推理题。根据第五段的内容可知，作者妻子的医疗费用已经达到近30万美元，其中9万美元与病人护理几乎没有任何关系。这一比值应该是十分之三，而不是三分之一。而且原文中也提及“Roughly30centsofeachhealth-caredollargoestoadministration,ortheprocessingofpaperwork.每一美元的医疗费用中，大约有30美分用于行政管理或文书处理。”一美元等于100美分，所占比值为十分之三，所以选项D不正确。

4.观点态度题。结合全文内容可知，作者先是通过描写法国医院简单高效的管理系统将其和美国医院进行对比，接着通过自己的亲身事例表达了自己对美国医院的抱怨和不满，所以作者的态度是生气的，选项A正确。

5.作者意图题。根据全文内容可知，作者虽然是在讲述自己和妻子的亲身经历，抱怨美国的医疗体系，批评医疗体系复杂并且收费高，但作者不仅仅只是阐述事实，真正的目的是呼吁美国的医疗体系做出改变，所以选项B正确。

8.单选题

Hefeelsthatheisnotyet（）totravelabroad.

问题1选项

A.toostrong

B.enoughstrong

C.sostrong

D.strongenough

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词的用法。A选项too…to…表示“太……而不能……”，不符合句意，排除A；B选项enough在修饰形容词和副词时应该放在它们的后面，排除B；C选项so应该与that连用，表示“太……以至于……”，不符合句意，排除C；D选项strongenough表示“足够强壮”。句意：他觉得自己身体还不够强壮，不能出国旅行。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethey'llsay,"Success."ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericanssinceEuropeansdiscovereda"newworld"intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:in"LettersfromanAmericanFanner"(1782)hewrote:"Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(无拘无束的)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimselfWehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil(干苦力活)，starve,andbleed:Wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld."Thepromiseofalandwhere"therewardsofaman'sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor"drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There'sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican'sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillionseveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,",and"dressingforsuccess."Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe"successful"inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto"makeit"alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe"right"neighborhoods,wearthe"right"clothes,eatthe"right"foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying"therewardsofaman'sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor"(Line10-11,Para.1),theauthormeans（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

4.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.

问题2选项

A.themorediligentoneis,thebiggerhisreturns

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry

C.aman'sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep

D.acompany'ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork

问题3选项

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage

B.Americanswishtosucceedineveryaspectoflife

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren

问题4选项

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.

B.Statussymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson'swealth.

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据题干定位到文章第一段中的EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.像HectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeur这样的早期移民高度赞扬了在这片新土地上发现的自由和机会。以及Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(无拘无束的)andunrestrained…我们对于这种行业的无拘无束的和不受限制的精神感到兴奋。可知美国梦的核心精神就是自由。答案D

第2题:推理判断题。根据“becauseeachpersonworksforhimself因为每个人都为自己工作。”以及Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在这片土地上，“一个人辛勤劳动的回报与他劳动的增长成正比”的承诺吸引了来自欧洲的贫困移民，并推动了国家向西部地区的扩张。”可知每个人都为自己打工，越勤劳，赚得就越多。故答案A

第3题:推理判断题。定位到第二段最后一句todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.今天，在婚姻或家庭中取得成功和在事业上取得成功一样重要。可知美国人认为在婚姻或亲子关系上的成功与商业成功同样重要。故B项“美国人希望在生活的每个方面都取得成功”正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens这些区别的象征向我们和其他人保证，我们坚信所有人的基本平等，但我们仍尽最大努力将自己与我们的同胞区分开来。”可知美国梦的矛盾之处在于美国相信人人平等，但又在尽力将自己与别人区分开来。故D项正确。

10.单选题

Severalhundredmillionyearsago,plantssimilartomodemfernscoveredvaststretchesoftheland.Somewereaslargeastrees,withgiantfrondsbunchedatthetopoftrunksasstraightaspillars.Otherswerethesizeofbushesandformedthicketsofmeundergrowth.Stillotherslivedintheshadeofgiantclubmossesandhorsetailsalongtheedgesofswampylagoonswheregiantamphibiansswam.

Agreatnumberoftheseplantsweretrueferns,reproducingthemselveswithoutfruitsorseeds.Othershadonlytheappearanceofferns.Theirleaveshadorgansofsexualreproductionandproducedseeds.Althoughtheir“flowers”didnothavecorollasthesefalseferns(todaycompletelyextinct)usheredintheeraoffloweringplants.Tracesofthesefloraoftheearliesttimeshavebeenpreservedintheformoffossils.Suchtracesaremostcommonlyfoundinshaleandsandstonerockswedgedbetweencoalbeds.

Todayonlytropicalforestsbearlivingproofoftheancientgreatnessofferns.ThespeciesthatgrowtherearenolongerthoseoftheCarboniferousperiod,buttheirvarietyandvastnumbers,andthegreatsizeofsome,remindusofthetimewhenfernsruledtheplantkingdom.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacharacteristicoftheplantsdescribedinthepassage?

2.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.Theyoncespreadoverlargeareasofland.

B.Theyvariedgreatlyinsize

C.Theycoexistedwithamphibians,mosses,andhorsetails

D.Theyclungtotreetrunksandbushesforsupport

问题2选项

A.Plantreproduction.

B.Howtolocatefossils.

C.Anancientformofplantlife.

D.Tropicalplantlife.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Severalhundredmillionyearsago,plantssimilartomodemfernscoveredvaststretchesoftheland.Somewereaslargeastrees,withgiantfrondsbunchedatthetopoftrunksasstraightaspillars.Otherswerethesizeofbushesandformedthicketsofmeundergrowth.Stillotherslivedintheshadeofgiantclubmossesandhorsetailsalongtheedgesofswampylagoonswheregiantamphibiansswam.几亿年前，类似于现代蕨类植物的植物覆盖了大片土地。有些和树一样大，树干顶端的大叶子像柱子一样直。有的像灌木丛那么大，形成了灌木丛。还有一些生活在巨大的俱乐部苔藓和马尾草的阴影下，沿着巨大的两栖动物游泳的沼泽泻湖的边缘。”可知A项“它们曾经遍布大片土地”；B项“它们的大小差别很大”；C项“它们与两栖动物、苔藓和马尾草共存”都有提及。故D项符合题意。

2.主旨大意题。第一段提到的是这类植物的生存环境，和植物体特征；第二段说到繁殖情况，第三段说的是到现在只能通过热带的化石才能寻找到它们以前的生长足迹。因此，文章通篇讲的是这类植物的发展形态。故C项符合题意。

11.单选题

______mapthatdatedbacktoabout3,000B.C.

问题1选项

A.Theoldestknown

B.Itwastheoldestknown

C.Knownastheoldest

D.Knowntobetheoldest

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子结构。根据句子结构可知此处缺少主语。It做主语，was是谓语动词，theoldestknownmap是表语，datedbacktoabout3000B.C.做map的后置定语。句意：这是已知最古老的地图，大约可以追溯到公元前3000年。因此只有B项正确。

12.单选题

Peoplemaygetverseswrong,buttheyalsomangleplentyofwell-knownbiblicalstoriesaswell.

问题1选项

A.spoil

B.imitate

C.formulate

D.violate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spoil“溺爱；糟蹋；破坏”；B选项imitate“模仿；仿造”；C选项formulate“规划；用公式表示；明确地表达”；D选项violate“违反；侵犯”。句意：人们可能会读错经文，但他们也会……许多著名的圣经故事。由关键信息getverseswrong“读错经文”只是常见问题，后一句会加深问题的严重性。因此可以排除B，C选项。D选项一般是指违反规则，这里的承受对象是biblicalstories“圣经故事”，不能适用。因此A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

The______typistandsecretaryisveryconscientiousaboutcorrectingeventhesmallesterrors.

问题1选项

A.imprudent

B.meticulous

C.potential

D.enticing

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.imprudent不明智的；不谨慎的B.meticulous细心的；小心翼翼的

C.potential潜在的；可能的D.enticing诱人的；有吸引力的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息isveryconscientiousaboutcorrectingeventhesmallesterrors（非常认真地纠正即使是最小的错误）可推知，空格处表示“细心的，一丝不苟的”符合句意，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】那位一丝不苟的打字员兼秘书非常认真地纠正即使是最小的错误。

14.单选题

Somediseasesare（

）bycertainwateranimals.

问题1选项

A.transplanted

B.transformed

C.transported

D.transmitted

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析题。transplant移植；transform改变，变换；transport运输；transmit传输，传播。

句意：有些疾病是由某些水生动物传播的。这里指疾病的传播，所以选项D正确。

15.单选题

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandlamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologists,collectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteenth-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabright,memorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.

Typically,eachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass—inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.Asagenre,ragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

1.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingisacharacteristicofragtimecompositionsthatfollowtheclassicragtimeformulaEXCEPT（

）.

2.Theauthorrejectstheargumentthatragtimeisamechanicalmusicbecausethatargument

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheessentialnatureofragtimehasbeenobscuredbycommentariesbasedon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostnearlyanalogousinsourceandartisticcharactertoaragtimecompositionasdescribedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.syncopation

B.abasslinedistinctfromthemelodicline

C.risingrhythmic-melodicintensity

D.fulldevelopmentofmusicalthemes

问题2选项

A.improperlyidentifiescommercialragtimemusicwiththesubtlerclassicragtimestyle.

B.doesnotaccuratelydescribethesoundofragtimepianolamusic.

C.confusesthemeansofrecordingandtheessentialcharacterofthemusic.

D.exaggeratestheinfluenceoftheperformancestyleofprofessionalragtimeplayersonthereputationofthegenre.

问题3选项

A.thewayragtimemusicwasfirstrecorded

B.themusicalsourcesusedbyScottJoplinandJamesScott

C.thedancefashionsthatwerecontemporaryragtime

D.earlyreviewers’accountsofcharacteristicstructure

问题4选项

A.Symphonicmusicderivedfromcomplexjazzmotifs.

B.Anexperimentalnovelbasedonwell-knowncartooncharacters.

C.Adramaticproductioninwhichactorsinventscenesandimproviselines.

D.Aballetwhosedisciplinedchoreographyisbasedonfolk-dancesteps.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干问的是根据这篇文章，除了哪一项外，下面的每一个都是拉格泰姆作品的一个特征？题干问的是根据这篇文章，除了哪一项外，下面的每一个都是拉格泰姆作品的一个特征？定位到第四段中Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass~inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.拉格泰姆作曲家不关心音乐主题的发展，而是完整地、完整地设定一个主题，并把它与各种相关的主题联系起来。拉格泰姆乐曲的张力来自于两种基本元素之间的对立:钢琴师左手弹连续低音(爵士音乐家称之为“boom-chickbass”)和右手弹有旋律的切分低音。可知D项“音乐主题的全面发展”不是拉格泰姆作曲的特点，故D项正确。A项“切分音”和B项“与旋律线不同的低音线”，C项“旋律强度不断上升”这段均有提及。

2.判断推理题。定位到第二段中Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.有时有人指责拉格泰姆是机械的。例如，威尔弗雷德•米勒斯评论道，“拉格泰姆被转移到自动钢琴上，即使不是机器演奏，也应该像机器演奏一样具有细致的精确度。”然而，我们没有理由仅仅因为商业制造者对拉格泰姆音乐使用了机械录音的方法（这是当时记录钢琴演奏的唯一方法）就认为拉格泰姆本身就是机械的。拉格泰姆音乐不是机械的精度，也不局限于精度的表现风格。它源于拉格泰姆遵循的一种定义明确的形式，并在该形式中遵循简单的规则。可知C项“混淆了录音的手段和音乐的本质特征”正确。D项“夸大了专业的拉格泰姆音乐演奏者表演风格对这种音乐流派的影响”，A项“错误地将商业拉格泰姆音乐与更微妙的古典拉格泰姆风格区分开来”；B项“没有准确地描述拉格泰姆钢琴音乐的声音”；