考研考博-英语-四川职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

______ofanewspapernorthenumberofpagesinaneditionhaseverbeenstandardized.

问题1选项

A.Thepagesizeisneither

B.Neitheristhepagesize

C.Thepagesize,neither

D.Neitherthepagesize

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。考查的是“neither...nor...”的用法，这是一个表示并列否定的结构，在neither与nor后面各自接的成分在属性上必须保持一致，由题干可知，我们应该要选择一个名词性成分，A项、B项是句子所以排除；因为neither是一般放在句首的，所以C项排除；句意：一份报纸的版面大小和一版的页数都没有标准化。因此，该题正确答案为D。

2.单选题

Itisawell-knownfactthatthecatfamily___lionsandtigers.

问题1选项

A.enriches

B.accommodates

C.adopts

D.embraces

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项enriches“使充实；使肥沃；使富足”；B选项accommodates“容纳；使适应；供应；调解”；C选项adopts“采取；接受；收养；正式通过”；D选项embraces“拥抱；欣然采纳；信奉；包含”。句意：众所周知，猫科动物___狮子和老虎。本句表达“猫科动物包括老虎和狮子”，因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatUSpublicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.

Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa’srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.

Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon’thavetheskillstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.

Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.

Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthatprivateones.Itwastheunder-performingstudentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.

Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.

Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women’sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.

Alsoaroundthattime,regulationgovernmentandunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucraticstandardforadvancement.Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,conflisingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucraciesregularlyrewritecurriculum,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevenmoreadministrators.Theendresulthasbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducationsalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.

1.WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica'spubliceducation?

2.Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?

3.Whatwasthesignificantcontributortothepastgloryofpublicschools?

4.Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?

问题1选项

A.Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.

B.Publicschoolslacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.

C.Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspending.

D.Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.

问题2选项

A.Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschool'sneeds.

B.Skilledstudentsaremovingtoprivateschools.

C.Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.

D.Trainingofstudents'basicskillsisneglected.

问题3选项

A.Well-behavedstudents

B.Talentedwomenteachers

C.Efficientadministration

D.Generouspayforteachers

问题4选项

A.Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen’sliberation.

B.Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.

C.Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.

D.Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.

问题5选项

A.Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.

B.Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.

C.Students'improvedacademicperformance.

D.Anever-growingnumberofadministration

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题目问的是“我们能够从各种关于美国公共教育的研究中学到什么？”文中第一段最后一句话提到学生并未在能力考试中展现出学识有所增长（Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests）,这是为了说明“教育没有得到改善”，由此可看出能力测试一定程度上反映了教学质量，因此选项A的表述是错误的，排除；第四段提到了公立学校和私立学校之争，但未明确指出公立学校是因为资源短缺而流失优等生，因此选项B表述不正确，排除；第一段第二句提到美国公立学校教职工数量的增长速度约是学生的两倍(staffandteachers...grow…twiceasfastasstudents),因此选项D表述错误，排除。综上，选项C符合题意。

第2题:2.细节事实题。题目问的是“一些人是如何解释公共教育的衰退的？”文章第四段提到一些人简单地将公共教育体系的衰退归因于私立学校将高素质的学生招走（Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork），由此可知选项B符合题意。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题目问的是“公立学校过去辉煌的原因是什么？”文章第六段提到公立学校表现出色的一个突出原因是许多高素质的女性除了当老师或护士之外，几乎没有其他工作，她们接受了相对较低的工资和艰苦的工作条件，并尽了最大的努力（Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest）。由此可知选项B符合题意。

第4题:4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么一些最优秀的女教师会离开教学岗位？”文章倒数第二段提到妇女解放为妇女开辟了新的职业机会，随着时间的推移，一些最好的女教师离开了这个职业，导致教育质量下降（Women’sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling），因此可知选项A符合题意。

第5题:5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者认为政府参与教育的结果之一是什么？”文章最后一段第一、二句提到政府和工会开始制定规章制度，规定工资，防止调整，并引入晋升的官僚标准（Alsoaroundthattime,regulationgovernmentandunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucraticstandardforadvancement），以及后面的Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,conflisingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucraciesregularlyrewritecurriculum,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevenmoreadministrators，可以看出政府采取的一系列措施，使得学校的管理人员在不断增加，因此选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Weallleftthemeeting,beingconvincedthattheprojectwas（）.

问题1选项

A.fertile

B.inevitable

C.inherent

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我们都离开了会场，并确信这个项目可行。

考查形容词辨析。fertile肥沃的，富饶的，能生育的；inevitable必然的，不可避免的;inherent固有的，遗传的;feasible可行的，可能的。因此D符合句意。

5.翻译题

Atthestartofthe21stcentury,humankindfindsitselfonanon-sustainablecourse—thecoursethat,unlessitischanged,couldleadtograndscalecatastrophes.Atthesametime,weareunlockingformidablenewcapabilitiesthatleadtomoreexcitinglivesandgloriouscivilizations.Thiscouldbeeitherhumanity’slastcenturyorthecenturythatsetstheworldonacoursetowardaspectacularfuture.

Weliveonasmall,beautifulandatotallyisolatedplanet,butitspopulationisbecomingtoolarge;enormousnewconsumersocietiesaregrowing,ofwhichChinaisthelargest;andtechnologyisbecomingpowerfulenoughtowrecktheplanet.Wearetravelingatbreakneckspeedintoanageoftheextremes—extremesinwealthandpoverty,extremesintechnologyandtheexperimentsthatscientistswanttoperform,extremeforcesofglobalism,weaponsofmassdestructionandterroristsactinginthenameofreligion.Ifwearetosurvive,wehavetolearnhowtomanagethissituation.

Thesetofproblemshasasetofsolutions.Ifwehumansimplementthesesolutions,wecangraduallyachievesustainabledevelopmentandasustainablebutaffluentlife.Workingtowardsustainabilityrequiresmanydifferenttypesofactionsindifferentsubjectareas.Inlightofrapidlyadvancingtechnology,however,sustainabilityaloneisnotenough.Weneedtobeconcernedwithsurvivability.Theremustbeamoveawayfromtheuntenablecourseweareontodaytowardaworldwherewelearntocontrolthediverseforcesweareunleashing.

【答案】【参考译文】在21世纪开始之际，人类意识到自己正走上了一条走不下去的路。除非改变方向，否则这条路会将人类引向巨大的灾难。可是同时，我们也正释放出种种新的巨大潜能，而借助这些潜能，人类能迎来各种更令人激动的生活和更光辉的文明。这可能是人类的最后一个世纪，但也可能是人类拨正航程，朝光辉灿烂未来驶去的一个世纪。

我们生活在一个与其他星球隔绝的美丽的小星球上，但是地球的人口已经太多；庞大的新兴消费社会正在成长，而中国是其中最大的一个；科技也正变得无比强大到足以毁坏这个星球。我们正疯狂地奔向一个极端的时代：极端的富有，极端的贫困，极端的科学技术，极端的科学实验，极端的全球化影响力，大规模毁灭性武器，还有以宗教名义进行的恐怖活动。假如想要逃此一劫，我们就得学会如何驾驭这一形势。

这一系列的问题也有一系列的解决方案。如果我们人类能将这些方案付诸实施，我们就能渐渐地达到可持续发展的目标，享有一种既可持续但仍富裕的生活。达到可持续这个目标需要在不同的领域采取不同的行动。然而考虑到科技的快速发展，仅仅可持续是不够的。我们需要关注能否存活。我们必须放弃今日我们采取的已无出路的方向，朝一个新方向前行，而新世界要求我们学会掌控我们释放出的各种能量。

6.单选题

WhenGinaGarroandBrianDupliseaadopted4-month-oldAndresfromColombialastmonth,theyweredeterminedtotaketimeofffromworktocareforhim.Sixyearsago,aftertheirdaughter,Melina,wasborn,thefamilyscrapedbyonDuplisea’s$36,000salaryasaconstructionworkersoGarro,aspecial-educationteacher,couldstayhome.Now,sinceGarro’sjobfurnishesthefamilyhealthinsurance,she’llheadbacktoworkthisfallwhileDupliseajugglesdiapersandbabybottles.Hisbossagreedtothetimeoff-buthewillhavetoforgohis$18-an-hourpay.Itwon’tbeeasy.ThoughGarro’s$40,000salarywillcovertheirmortgages,thecouplewillhavetofreezetheirretirementaccounts,scalebackonMelina’safter-schoolactivities-andpraythatnothinggoeswrongwiththecar.“Ittakesawayfromyourcushionandyoursecurity,”saysGarro.“Thingswillbetight.”

The1993FamilyandMedicalLeaveActwassupposedtohelpfamilieslikeGarro’s,offeringasafetynettoemployeeswhowanttotaketimeofftonurturenewborns,tendtotheirownmajorillnessesorcareforsickrelatives.Butwhilethelawguaranteesthatworkerswon’tlosttheirjobs,itdoesn’tcovertheirpaychecks.Onesurveylastyearshowedthatwhile24millionAmericanshadtakenleavessince1999,2.7millionmorewantedtobutcouldn'taffordit.Thatmaychangesoon.Inresponsetoincreasingdemandsfromvotersatleast25statesarenowexploringnewwaystoofferpaidleave.Onepossibility:tappingstatedisabilityfundsAhandfulofstates-NewYork,NewJersey,California,RhodeIslandandHawaii—alreadydipintodisabilitymoneytoofferpartialpayforwomenonmaternityleave.Butthatdoesn’thelpdadsorpeoplecaringforelderlyparents.NewJerseyandNewYorkmaysoonexpanddisabilityprogramstocoverleaveforfathersandothercaretakers.Thirteenstates,includingArizona,IllinoisandFlorida,haveproposedusingunemploymentfundstopayforleave.

Massachusettshasbeenespeciallycreative.Whenthestate'sactinggovernor,JaneSwift,gavebirthtotwindaughtersinMay,shedrewattentiontotheissuewithherown"workingmaternityleave":shetelecommutedpart-timebutearnedherusualfull-timesalary.EvenbeforeSwiftreturnedtoworklastweek,thestateSenateunanimouslypassedapilotplanthatwouldusesurplusfundsfromahealth-insuranceprogramfortheunemployedtogivenewparents12weeksoffathalfpay.Anotherplan,proposedintheHouse,wouldrequireemployerstokickin$20perworkertosetupa"NewFamiliesTrustFund."Businesseswouldgettaxcreditsinreturn.ThisweekSwiftisexpectedtoannounceherownpaid-leaveplanforlower-incomemothersandfathers.Pollsshowwidespreadpublicsupport—anotherreasonSwiftandotherpoliticiansacrossthecountryhaveembracedtheissue.

Stillnoteveryone'swildabouttheidea.Peoplewithoutchildrenquestionwhynewparents—thefirstgrouptogetpaidleaveundermanyoftheproposedplans—shouldgetmoregovernmentperksthantheydo.Businessgroupsareresistanttoproposalsthatwouldraidunemploymentfunds;severalhavealreadyfiledsuittoblockthem.Astheeconomyslows,manycompaniessaytheycan’taffordtocontributetoproposednewbenefitfundseither.Businesslobbyistssaytoomanyemployeesalreadyabuseexistingfederalfamily-leavelawsbytakingtimeofffordubiousreasonsorintinytimeincrements.Theproposedlaws,theysay,wouldonlymakemattersworse.

ForGarroandDuplisea,though,thenewlawscouldmakeallthedifference.AsMelinafixesapeanut-butter-and-jellysandwich,DupliseahugsasnoozingAndresagainsthisTshirt"We'retryingtodotherightthingbytwokids,andwehavetosacrifice,"Dupliseasays.InMassachusettsandplentyofotherstates,helpmaybeontheway.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthat（）.

2.WhenGarrosays"Ittakesawayfromyourcushionandyoursecurity",shemeans（）.

3.IfGarrolivesinMassachusetts,shewill（）.

4.Theword"perk"(Line2.Para.4)mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardspaidleaveseemstobethatof（）.

问题1选项

A.GarroandDupliseausedtoliveacomfortableandeasylife

B.Duplisea'sbossissoconsiderateastoallowhimtokeephisjob

C.Garrocanearnmoremoneysosheshouldgobacktowork.

D.Thecouplehavemadealotofsacrificestotakecareoftheirchildren

问题2选项

A.itexhaustsherfamilysavings

B.itplungesherfamilyintofinancialtrouble

C.itdeprivesherchildrenofhealthinsurance

D.itmakesherfeelinsecure

问题3选项

A.have12weeksoffathalfpay

B.telecommutepart-timebutearnfull-timesalary

C.leaveherjobwithoutpaytotakecareofherkids

D.get$20fromheremployerforherleave

问题4选项

A.grant

B.policy

C.encouragement

D.reward

问题5选项

A.opposition

B.suspicion

C.approval

D.indifference

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。题目问的是“从第一段，我们可以知道……”。文章第一段主要讲述了这对夫妻为了养育两个孩子付出了很多，在工作和养育孩子之间做权衡，因此选项D“这对夫妻为了养育孩子做出了很大牺牲”符合题意。

第2题:2.推理判断题。题目问的是“当伽罗说‘它会带走你的存款和保障’，她的意思是什么？”文章第一段提到伽罗夫妇不得不冻结养老账号，缩减女儿的课后活动，还要祈求汽车不出问题（thecouplewillhavetofreezetheirretirementaccounts,scalebackonMelina’safter-schoolactivities-andpraythatnothinggoeswrongwiththecar），由此可知请假照顾孩子让他们的经济问题越发严重，因此选项B符合题意。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题目问的是“如果伽罗生活在马萨诸塞州，她将会……”。文章第三段提到在她（Swift）重返工作岗位前，州参议院一致通过了一项试点方案，即允许用失业人员医疗保险计划的声誉基金，让刚生了孩子的父母可以拿一般工资休假12周（EvenbeforeSwiftreturnedtoworklastweek,thestateSenateunanimouslypassedapilotplanthatwouldusesurplusfundsfromahealth-insuranceprogramfortheunemployedtogivenewparents12weeksoffathalfpay），由此可知选项A符合题意。

第4题:4.词义题。题目问的是“perk这个词最有可能的意思是……”。从文章第二、三段可知，各个州政府都试图动用各种基金对请假照顾新生儿的父母进行经济帮助，由此可知此处是政府拨款，因此选项A符合题意。

第5题:5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对带薪请假的观点是什么？”文章第一段通过伽罗夫妇的实例来引出当下的一种现象，即有些家庭为了照顾孩子不得不请假，从而导致了经济困难；文章第二、第三段提到各州为了解决问题采取了一些相应措施；文章最后提到这些政策会带来翻天覆地的变化，会帮到伽罗夫妇（InMassachusettsandplentyofotherstates,helpmaybeontheway），所以作者对这些措施的看法是正面的，因此选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

TheUnitedStatesconsistsoffiftystates,

hasitsowngovernment.

问题1选项

A.eachofthem

B.theyeach

C.which

D.eachofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：美国由50个州组成，每个州都有自己的政府。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butonepopularformcontinuestothrive:thatisalphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatthecarsofataxifirmcalledAAAAhaveabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomerslookthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentsandvice-presidentshavesurnamesstartingwithBandCseparatelyand26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffet,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.SoshortsightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisseldomaskedtheimprovingquestionsbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendeesalltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

11.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

12.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

13.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat_____.

14.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ’’?

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

问题1选项

A.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

B.Akindofoverlookedinequality.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

问题2选项

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareimportanttosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

D.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

问题3选项

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

D.teachersshouldpayequalattentiontoalltheirstudents

问题4选项

A.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

B.Theyaregettingimpatient.

C.Theyfeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

问题5选项

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo.

C.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalunfairness.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】11.推理判断题，定位到文章一二句也是文章的中心句Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butonepopularformcontinuestothrive:thatisalphabetism.“在过去的一个世纪里，各种不公平和歧视都受到谴责或被定为非法。但有一种流行的形式仍在蓬勃发展，那就是字母排序”这是文章的主旨句，说的是虽然这个社会反对歧视但是有种歧视却被人忽略了，那就是字母顺序歧视。第二段主要是举例说明这种歧视，所以答案选B“一种被忽视的不平等”；

A选项“一种明显的偏见”，文章没有提到，属于无中生有；

C选项“一种个人偏见”，文章没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项“一种品牌歧视”，文章没有提到，属于无中生有。

12.主旨大意题，分析文章前三段的行文结构，文章是总分结构，第一段提出生活中有种歧视被我们忽视了，那就是“字母顺序歧视”这一观点，第二三段都是在举例，说明这种现象不是凭空捏造而是真实存在着的，所以答案选C选项“某种形式的歧视太微妙而无法识别”；

A选项“在东方和西方，名字对成功都很重要”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

B选项“ZoeZysman的失败要归咎于字母表”定位到第二段第二句LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.（不太为人所知的是，亚当•阿伯特(AdamAbbot)在生活中比佐伊•兹斯曼(ZoeZysman)有优势）从这里可以看出名字的字母顺序只是让排在名字字母前面的人比排在后面的人有优势而已，不能把叫ZoeZysman的人的失败全部归结于字母，这里属于理解过度；

D选项“顾客经常很注意公司的名字”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

13.推理判断题，第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第四段第一句Canthismerelybecoincidence?“这仅仅是巧合吗？”，从这个反问句就可以看出作者认为名字字母靠后的学生难以获得成就并非巧合，第二步，寻找上下文线索，第四段描述的是一个作者的推想，就是那些字母排在后面的人小时候因为老师为了省事所以按照名字字母顺序被排在了后面，结果因为老师的忽略没有发现某些名字字母排后面的学生有近视，坐后面就导致每次问问题也轮不到他，所以他错过了很多成长的机会，然而还觉得幸好没有叫到我，从这里就可以知道作者其实是通过摆事实的手法来建议教师不应该这么简单粗暴地通过名字字母来排座位，应该一视同仁，所以D选项“教师应该对所有的学生给予同等的关注”正确；

A选项“问题经常被问给更聪明的学生”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

B选项“字母顺序不好的学生经常逃课”文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“学生应根据自己的视力选择座位”，文章讲述这件事情是希望老师最好不要因为方便自己记忆而按照字母顺序排座位，而是希望按照学生的实际情况来排座位，也就是希望老师多多关注学生，而不是让学生自己排座位，所以C选项错误，属于张冠李戴。

14.判断推理题，定位到第五段第二句话Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.“在大学毕业典礼上，ABC是名字首字母的学生自豪地第一个获奖；当轮到Zysmans同学的时候，（）。”文章前面连接的信息是名字以ABC字母开头的人很早就拿到首先就很骄傲的拿到了自己的毕业证，但是名字是Zysmans的人可能因为等待的时间太久了已经睡着了，所以答案选A选项“他们鼾声大作”；

B选项“他们开始不耐烦了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“他们感到羞辱”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“他们忙于字谜”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

15.判断推理题，由文章第四段可知老师会按照字母顺序排位置，没有人会觉得不合理，但是在不知不觉中对那些字母顺序在后面的人造成了一种危害，所以答案选D。

A选项定位到第二段第二句LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.（不太为人所知的是，亚当•阿伯特(AdamAbbot)在生活中比佐伊•兹斯曼(ZoeZysman)有优势）从这里可知名字字母排前面的人只是相对排后面的人有优势，并没有说到名字字母排后面的人受到了不好的对待，A选项属于无中生有；

文章没有提到该怎么纠正这种鲜为人知的歧视，所以也无从知道纠正这件事是不是任重道远，属于无中生有，所以B选项不选；

C选项定位到文章第三段，文章第三段只是说西方重要人士的字母排在前面以此来佐证字母歧视是存在的，但是没有说这些人因为名字字母顺序排在前面得到了多少优势，所以C选项属于过度解读。

9.单选题

Hardworkcan（）yoursuccessinlearningaforeignlanguage.

问题1选项

A.assure

B.guarantee

C.warrant

D.promise

【答案】B

【解析】句意:努力工作能保证你在学习一门外语上取得成功。

考查动词辨析。Assure使确信,向…保证,弄清,查明;guarantee保证,担保,保障;warrant使有必要,使正当;promise许诺,承诺,答应。因此B符合句意。

10.单选题

NewresearchbyHillaryPennellandElizabethBehm-MorawitzattheUniversityofMissourisuggeststhat,atleastforwomen,theinfluenceofsuperheroesisnotalwayspositive.Althoughwomenplayavarietyofrolesinthesuperherogenre,includinghelplessmaidenandpowerfulheroine,thefemalecharactersalltendtobehypersexualized,fromtheirperfect,seducingfigurestotheirsexy,revealingcostumes.Exposuretothis,theyshow,canimpactbeliefsaboutgenderroles,bodyesteem,andself-objectification.

Consider,forexample,superheromovieslikeSpider-manorSuperman.Theseaction-packedfilmstypicallyfeatureastrong,capable,intelligentmanfightingavillainousforce.Thegoalofcourseistosavehumanity,butmoreoftenthannotthereisalsoanimmediateneedtorescueafairladyindistress.Thefemalevictimistypicallydelicate,naive,anddefenseless,butatthesametimesexyandbeautiful.Whatshelacksinstrengthandcunningshemakesupforinkindnessandcurves.Itisnotsurprising(orinsignificant)thatsheisoftentheobjectofthehero’saffections.

PennellandBehm-Morawitzarguedthatexposuretothesestereotypicfemalevictims,whoseprimaryappealissexual,maylowerwomen’sbodyesteem,heightenthevaluetheyplaceonbodyimage,andresultinlessequalgenderrolebeliefsandexpectations.However,femalecharactershavecomealongwayinthesuperherogenre,andit’spossiblethattheantidotetothehelplessfairmaidenisthecompetent,commandingsuperheroine.

TheX-Menfilms,forexample,featureanumberofempoweringfemalecharacterslikeStorm,JeanGray,andDazzler,eachofwhomwieldsauniquespecialabilityanddisplaysimpressivecognitiveandphysicalcompetence.Perhapsexposuretothisnewgenerationoffemaleheroineswillresultinmoreequalgenderbeliefs,higherbodyesteem,andgreaterprioritizationofphysicalcompetenceoverappearance.

Still,today’ssuperheroines,liketheirfemalevictimcounterparts,areoftenunrealistic,sexualizedrepresentationsoffemalefigures,withlargechests,curvybacksidesandunattainablehourglassdimensions.Theirskin-tightoutfitsunderlinetheirsexualitywithplungingnecklinesandbareskin,andmanyoftheirnames(e.g.,Risque,Mystique,RubySummers)connote,shallwesay,aslightlylessrespectableprofessionthansuperheroine.

PennellandBehm-Morawitzthusspeculatedthatwhiletoday’spowerfulsuperheroinesmightelevateequalbeliefsaboutgenderroles,theirsexualizednaturemightsimultaneouslyhavedestructiveeffectsonbodyimageandself-objectification.

1.What’stheimpliedmeaningofthefirstparagraph?

2.Femalevictimsinsuperheromoviestendtobe（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofstereotypicfemalevictimscanbeimprovedby

（

）.

4.ThefilmaudienceinParagraph4willmostprobablysupporttheideathat

（

）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?

6.WhatisHilaryPennellandElizabethBehm-Morawitzattitudetowardstoday’ssuperheroines?

问题1选项

A.Womenareeitherhelplessorpowerfulinsuperheromovies.

B.Superheromoviesdefinitelyinspirewomentobecomestronger.

C.Femalecharactersareextremelysexyandappealinginsuperheromovies.

D.Superheromoviesmakewomenobjectifythemselvesandquestiontheirbodyshapes.

问题2选项

A.formidableandquick-witted

B.sophisticatedandintimidating

C.pretentiousandloathsome

D.amiableandseductively-shaped

问题3选项

A.showingmorecompetentandheroicfemalecharacters

B.distinguishingthemfromthesuperheroines

C.turningthemintocapableandpowerfulsuperheroines

D.strengtheningtheirimageasinnocentandalluringmaidens

问题4选项

A.menandwomenareequal

B.specialabilitiesareunrealisticforfemales

C.womenshouldalwaysbeonadiettostayingoodshape

D.theimportanceofastrongbodyshouldbedownplayedcomparedwiththatofappearance

问题5选项

A.Femalerolesaredressedinrevealingandinvitingcostumes.

B.Leadingfemalerolesarestillstereotypedbyalluringbodies.

C.Manyofthesuperheroines’namesarerelatedwithundignifiedjobs.

D.Sexymaidensremainthetypicalimageoffemalevictimsinmovies.

问题6选项

A.Affectionate.

B.Respectful.

C.Objective.

D.Opposed.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“Exposuretothis,theyshow,canimpactbeliefsaboutgenderroles,bodyesteem,andself-objectification.(超级英雄电影会让妇女质疑自己的性别角色、对身体的自尊，将自己降格为物件。)”即可得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“Thefemalevictimistypicallydelicate,naive,anddefenseless,butatthesametimesexyandbeautiful.Whatshelacksinstrengthandcunningshemakesupforinkindnessandcurves.(超级电影中的女性受害者常常被刻画成柔弱、单纯、无助，然而又楚楚动人的形象。她们不强壮、不狡猾，于是用善良和身体的曲线来弥补。)”,即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据“it’spossiblethattheantidotetothehelplessfairmaidenisthecompetent,commandingsuperheroine.(柔弱的女性角色可以通过刻画能干的、善于发号施令的女性超级英雄来改善。)”即可得出本题答案。

4.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段。根据“…moreequalgenderbeliefs,higherbodyesteem,andgreaterprioritizationofphysicalcompetenceoverappearance.(新一代的女性英雄形象会带来更为平等的性别观念，增强对身体的自尊，更关注身体能力而不是长相。)”即可得出本题答案。

5.段落大意题。根据“areoftenunrealistic,sexualizedrepresentationsoffemalefigures(都是虚构的，都是情色化的女性人物。)”,即可得出本题答案。

6.观点态度题。根据题干关键词，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“mightelevateequalbeliefsaboutgenderroles(可能会提升对性别角色的平等信念)”“theirsexualizednaturemightsimultaneouslyhavedestructiveeffectsonbodyimageandself-objectification(他们的性化本质可能同时对身体形象和自我客观化产生破坏性的影响)”，可知他们的态度是比较客观的。从而得出本题答案。

11.单选题

Itis