考研考博-英语-天津医学高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津医学高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Intime，thewomanwaspersuadedtotrythisnewformofdisciplineandto（）afailuretogototimeoutbythewithdrawalofsomeprivilege.

问题1选项

A.backoff

B.backup

C.backdown

D.backwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。backoff“后腿；卸下”；backup“支持；承认；证实”；backdown“放弃，让步”；backwith，无此短语用法。句意：后来,这个女的被说服去试着接受这项新处罚，……自己的过错,并被撤销了一些特权暂停了工作。因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgroup.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

Researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingsofasocialgroup’smembers.Expressiveleadersarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveothersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibit(阻碍)attainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesandtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferenceinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyamoredistantrespect.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT_______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?

4.Inmentioning“naturalleaders”inparagraph2,theauthorismakingthepointthat______.

5.Thepassageindicatesthatinstrumentalleadersgenerallyfocuson______.

问题1选项

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders.

B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups.

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem.

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups.

问题2选项

A.recruitment

B.formalelectionprocess

C.specificleadershiptraining

D.traditionalculturalpatterns

问题3选项

A.Personwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderinanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.

D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.

问题4选项

A.fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders”

B.thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist

C.“naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofagroup

D.“naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics

问题5选项

A.ensuringharmoniousrelationships

B.sharingresponsibilitywithgroupmembers

C.identifyingnewleaders

D.achievingagoal

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本篇主要讨论不同的领导者（如instrumentalleaders以及expressiveleaders）在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能，所以D选项“领导在社会群体中的作用”符合题意。A选项“领导者面临的问题”和B选项“领导能力在小群体和大群体中的区别”以及C选项“社会群体如何决定谁将领导他们”文章都没有提及。因此D选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.（在家庭中，传统的文化模式赋予父母一方或双方领导地位）”由此可知D选项“传统的文化模式”说法正确；以及“Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.（在较大的群体中，领导人通常是通过选举或招聘正式选出的。）”，由此可知A选项“招聘”；B选项“正式的选举程序”文中也有提到；只有C选项“具体的领导力培训”与该题无关，因此C选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段，第二段的大意为：领导者没有一个固定的特点，只是符合了一个特定群体需要的人就有可能成为该群体的领导者。A选项“某一特定群体的有效领导者，不一定就可以成为另一群体的有效领导者”符合题意；B选项“很少有人能成功地与他人分享领导角色”和C选项“一个人通过学习领导力的研究能更好的学习如何成为一个有效的领导者”文章第二段均未提到；D选项“许多人想成为领导者，但却很少能拿出证据来证明他们具有这样的资格”曲解了文章意思，不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“...decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryofnaturalleaders.（数十年来的研究并不能找出可靠证据来证明哪些人可以成为天生领导者）”，所以B选项“没有证据表明天生的领导者存在”符合题意。A选项“很少有人称得上是天生的领导者”；C选项“天生的领导者很容易被群体成员接受”；D选项“天生的领导者有一组相似的特征”都与文章意思不符，因此B选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.（工具型领导是一种强调社会群体完成任务的领导方式）”，由此可知工具型领导通常关注的是实现目标，所以D选项“实现目标”符合题意。A选项“确保和谐关系”；B选项“与小组成员分享责任”；C选项“确定新的领导者”说法都不正确。因此D选项正确。

3.翻译题

Strangeisoursituationhereuponearth.Eachofuscomesforashortvisit,notknowingwhyyetsometimesseemingtodivineapurpose.

Fromthestandpointofdailylife,however,thereisonethingwedoknow:thatmanishereforthesakeofothermen—aboveallforthoseuponwhosesmileandwell-beingourownhappinessdepends,andalsoforthecountlessunknownsoulswithwhosefateweareconnectedbyabondofsympathy.ManytimesadayIrealizehowmuchmyownouterandinnerlifeisbuiltuponthelaborsofmyfellowmen,bothlivinganddead,andhowearnestlyImustexertmyselfinordertogiveinreturnasmuchasIhavereceived.MypeaceofmindisoftentroubledbythedepressingsensethatIhaveborrowedtooheavilyfromtheworkofothermen.

Toponderinterminablyoverthereasonforone’sownexistenceorthemeaningoflifeingeneralseemstome,fromanobjectivepointofview,tobesheerfolly.Andyeteveryoneholdscertainidealsbywhichheguideshisaspirationandhisjudgment.Theidealswhichhavealwaysshonebeforemeandfilledmewiththejoyoflivingaregoodness,beauty,andtruth.Tomakeagoalofcomfortandhappinesshasneverappealedtome;asystemofethicsbuiltonthisbasiswouldbesufficientonlyforaherdofcattle.

【答案】我们在这个世界上的处境很奇怪。每个人短暂来访，不知原因。不过有时候似乎也会察觉到某种目的。

然而，从日常生活的角度来看，有一样是确定的：人总是为了他人而活着。为了那些重要的人，他们的笑容和幸福是我们快乐的来源。也是为了数不清的陌生人，怜悯之心将我们与他们连系在一起。每天我都会多次意识到，我自己的物质生活和精神生活，在多大程度上是建立在同胞的劳动之上的，他们或活着，或者已经逝去。意识到我必须多么努力地去付出，以回报我所得到的一切。总感觉我从他人的劳动成果中获取太多，为此我经常惴惴不安。

总体上，在我看来，没完没了地思考自己存在的理由和生命的意义是非常愚蠢的行为。然而，每个人都有自己的理想来指引自己的抱负和是非判断。始终在我面前闪耀着，让我深感活着的喜悦的理想是善、美和真理。以舒适和幸福为目的的理想从来不能吸引我。建立在这个基础之上的伦理体系只能适用于一群牲畜。

4.翻译题

1.科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严肃解释的表达方式。（3）

2.按照Sveiby的观点来看，既然知识是个无形的关键资产，将知识从一个员工传递给另一个员工，或者从外部资源传递给员工的能力就是企业的一个重要能力。（4）

3.就像因事故而堵在晚间高峰路上发怒的司机一样，如果网页打开很慢或者不能很快进入网页时，上网的人就会坐立不安。（4）

4.正是这个信息系统影响着人们医疗保健的范围和质量，它使社会服务更加公正，它提高了个人的舒适度，为安全和自由行动采取更多的措施。（4）

【答案】1.Themethodofscientificresearchisnothingmorethananecessaryexpressionoftheactivityofthehumanmind,thatis,anexpressionthatcontemplatesandgivesapreciseandseriousexplanationofallphenomena.

2.FromSveiby’spointofview,sinceknowledgeisakeyintangibleasset,theabilitytotransferknowledgefromoneemployeetoanother,orfromexternalresourcestoemployees,isanimportantcapabilityofanenterprise.

3.Likeadriverstuckinanaccidentandfumingontheeveningrushhourroad,peoplewhosurftheInternetcangetfidgetyifthepageopensslowlyortheycan’tgettoitquicklyenough.

4.Itisthisinformationsystemthatinfluencesthescopeandqualityofpeople’shealthcare,itmakessocialservicesmorejust,itincreasesthecomfortofindividualsandtakesmoremeasuresforsafetyandfreemovement.

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

研究表明，与20年前相比，尽管社交媒体越来越受人们欢迎，但是青少年的朋友却日益减少。一份历时12年、涵盖20万高中生的研究发现，虽然年轻人的朋友越来越少，但是他们更多交友的意向并无增多。该研究认为，经济变化在促使个人主义增长的同时，可能导致人们交友兴趣减弱，使人们更多转向自立、增强自尊、减少孤独感。

【答案】Despitethegrowingpopularityofsocialmedia,teenagershavefewerfriendsthantheydid20yearsago.Asurvey,carriedoutfor12years,ofmorethan200,000UShighschoolstudentsfoundthatyoungpeoplehadfewerfriends,butlessdesireformakingmorefriends.Thestudyhasshownthateconomicchangesleadtoincreasedindividuality,whichcouldleadtodecreasinginterestinfriends,increasingself-reliance,increasingself-esteemanddecreasingloneliness.

6.翻译题

AsFordMotor’sboardofdirectorsgatheredtoholditsquarterlymeetingThursday,speculationwasgrowingthattheworld’sNO.2automakerwaspreparedtoacquiretheautomotiveoperationsofSweden’sVolvo.1.MergerspeculationthathasbeenwidespreadthroughouttheindustryformonthshasfocusedonapossibleVolvo-FordlinkupsinceareportlastweekthatVolvohadhiredaWallStreetinvestmentbanktoexploreapossiblesale.

Ford’sboardmeetingwastobeheldinDearborn,theDetroitsuburbwhereFordisheadquartered.ChiefspokesmanVaughnKoshkariandeclinedtocommentontheagendaortheVolvorumors.PresidentJacNasser,speakingatanindustryconferenceTuesdaynight,alsodeclinedtosaywhereFordwasnegotiatingwithVolvo.ButNasseragainsaidFordwasopentousingitsmorethan$20billioncashreservetoexpandthecompany’sglobalreach.

2.Lastyear’sacquisitionofChryslerbyDaimler-Benzledtoaflurryoftalksamongautomakerslookingtostrengthentheirpositioninanindustrybesetwithtoomuchproductioncapacityworldwide.Theconventionalwisdomisthatsmallerautomakerswillbeill-equippedtocompeteinthe21stcenturyastheindustrybecomesdominatedbyseveralinternationalautomakers.

Volvo,oneoftheworld’ssmallerautomakers,produceslessthan500,000vehiclesannually.Lastyearitsold100,227carsintheUnitedStates,oneofitslargestmarkets.3.Fordreportedlyhasbeencourtingdebt-ladenNissanMotoraswell,andturneddownanofferlastmonthfora20%shareintheJapaneseautomaker.FordalsolostinbiddinglatelastyearforfinanciallytroubledKiaMotorsofKorea.

4.AnalystssayFordandVolvoareabetterfit.“TheVolvothingismorepracticalthananythingelse,”saidanalystDavidHealyofBurnhamSecurities.“Ford,whichisbecominggoodatcost-effectivelydevelopingavarietyofverydifferentcarswiththesamebasicchassisandmajorparts,couldhelpVolvoexpanditsproductline,”Girskysaid.5.“IfyoucouldbringoutsmallercarsundertheVolvebrand,youcouldcommandapremiumprice,”hesaid,“FordhassimilarlyexpandedJaguar’svehiclelinesinceitboughttheBritishLuxuryautomakerin1989.”

【答案】1.几个月来业内一直存在关于公司合并的猜测，自从上周有报道称，沃尔沃（Volvo）聘请了华尔街一家投资银行来探讨出售沃尔沃的可能性以来，这种猜测集中在沃尔沃可能与福特（Ford）合并。

2.去年戴姆勒-奔驰（Daimler-Benz）收购克莱斯勒（Chrysler）的事件，引发了汽车制造商之间的一连串的谈判，这些制造商希望加强自己在这个全球产能过剩的行业中的地位。

3.据报道，福特也一直在向负债累累的日产汽车（NissanMotor）示好，并且上个月拒绝了收购这家日本汽车公司20%股份的要约。

4.分析人士表示福特跟沃尔沃更合适。伯纳姆证券公司的分析师DavidHealy说“跟沃尔沃的这件事比其他任何事情都更实际。”

5.“如果你（福特）能推出沃尔沃品牌下的小型车，你就能获得更高的价格，”他说，“福特1989年收购了英国豪华汽车制造商捷豹（Jaguar）后，同样也扩大了捷豹的产品线。”

7.单选题

FlanneryO’Connorwasnotas（）assomewriterswhoturnoutreamsofmaterials,butherstoriesareconsideredgemsthatliveonafterherearlyandtragicdeath.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.prolific

C.vitriolic

D.vicarious

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。potential“有潜力的”；prolific“多产的”；vitriolic“硫酸的，刻薄的”；vicarious“替代的，代理的”。句意：FlanneryOConnor不像一些创作大量作品的作家那样多产。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyears-andwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimesarequestionswhichhaveinterestedthemodernmphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodernmphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodernmeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents-totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodernmsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodernmscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction-bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservation-thesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodernms;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodernmispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesitexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“”facts"”and“"theories"”or“’’facts”and“”ideas”n-intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter-provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts-aparticularclassoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Thedifferencebetween“fact”and“theory"’.

3.Thestatement“Theoriesarefacts’’maybecalled（

）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimesis（

）.

问题1选项

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

问题2选项

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodernscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

问题3选项

A.ametaphor

B.aparadox

C.anappraisaloftheinductiveanddeductivemethods

D.apun

问题4选项

A.aninductivescience

B.inneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory

问题5选项

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章通篇都是在讨论科学研究或探索的方法。

2.细节题。第四段指出:Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthishenomenonintheantithesisof"facts"and"theories"or"facts"and"ideas"-intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter-provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.试图在事实的对立面和理论，或事实和思想中发现上述现象的解释看起来有些太狭隘，也会因模糊不清遭批评。因为，对立面不全面，事实和理论不是同类的事物。第五段指出：Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.事实是一个提议，通过运用知识的源泉和经验而证实的提议直接而又简单。而理论，若是真理论，就有事实的一切特性（除非其证实只能通过非直接的，遥远的和困难的方式方法），把理论转成事实必须用简单的核实，理论因此具有事实的一切特性。由此得出，选择A:后者(理论)需要证实。

3.推断题。文章指出:事实和理论不是同类的事物。因此“理论即事实”的论断就是悖论。故B项正确。

4.推断题。选项C推理演绎科学正确。

5.细节题。第一段指出：Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents-totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?或者，我们是否应该把这两个时期的特征都归因于所谓的历史意外事件一一归因于客观环境中相似性结合的影响。这一点除非以指导一切的上帝的智慧和无限权利来解释，否则难以解说清楚。因此B项:是上天的安排为正确选项。

9.单选题

Idon’tsmokenow,butIused（

）whenIwasyoung.

问题1选项

A.to

B.todo

C.toit

D.todoingit

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我现在不抽烟了，但是我年轻的时候常常抽烟。

固定搭配。usedtodo过去常常;be/getusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于…。因此B符合句意。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

1.凡事预则立，不预则废。

2.我们可以让内燃机使用另一种污染程度较低的燃料，如天然气、燃料电池，液态氢等，这些我们都可以考虑。

3.我们必须考虑到这一点：我们的星球是从子孙后代那里借来的，而不是我们祖先馈赠的。

4.可持续发展是指：为了将来后代的利益，我们必须保留足够的生存空间，以满足他们的需要和施展他们的抱负。

5.这门学科的重要性与其被了解的程度不成正比。

【答案】1.Preparednessensuressuccessandunpreparednessspellsfailure.

2.Whenchoosingadifferentandcleanerfuelfortheinternalcombustionengine,wecantakenaturalgas,fuelcells,liquidhydrogen,oconsideration.

3.Itmustbetakenintoconsiderationthatwehavenotinheritedthisearthfromourancestorsbuthaveborroweditfromouroffspring

4.Sustainabledevelopmentmeansthatforthebenefitoffuturegenerations,wemustreserveenoughlivinsspaceforsatisfyingtheirneedsandrealizingtheirambitious.

5.Theimportanceofthisdisciplineisnotindirectproportiontothedegreetowhichitisunderstood.

11.单选题

Greatandsignificantmusiccan,however,bewrittenonthemesthatare,inthemselves,（）.

问题1选项

A.quitelovely

B.verymagnificent

C.intriguing

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】magnificent壮丽的,宏伟的；intriguing有趣的,迷人的；trivial琐碎的。句意：然而,伟大而有意义的音乐可以写在本身就非常宏伟的主题上。选项B符合语境。

12.单选题

GeorgeWashington（）.

问题1选项

A.alwayswillandalwayshasbeenanAmericanhero

B.alwayshasandalwayswillanAmericanhero

C.alwayshasandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero

D.alwayshasbeenandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero

【答案】D

【解析】考查现在完成时态和一般将来时态的用法。在现在完成时态中，如果谓语中有名词短语时，此时要借助been来一起组成其谓语成分，即have/hasbeen+名词短语；在一般将来时态中，如果谓语动词中有名词短语，此时要借助be来一起组成其谓语成分，即be+名词短语。所以选项D正确。句意：GeorgeWashington一直都是一位美国英雄，并将永远是。

13.单选题

TheStateCouncilwilllaydownnewrulesthataimtomakemanagementcompatiblewithinternationallyacceptedconventions.

问题1选项

A.conferences

B.conversations

C.practices

D.formations

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：国务院将制定新的规则来使得管理与国际惯例一致。conference“会议”；conversation“（非正式）交谈，谈话”；practice“实践，惯例”；formation“组成”。根据前面的“laydownnewrules”可推测出划线单词的意思是“规则”，因此选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

问题1选项

A.response

B.answer

C.correspondence

D.echo

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。response“反响，反应”；answer“回答，答案”；correspondence“通信，一致”；echo“回音”。句意：他刊登在报纸上的广告受到了很好的反响，她受到了一百多封申请信。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Therewasagroupofdemonstrators（）anti-governmentslogansinthesquare.

问题1选项

A.crowing

B.chanting

C.intoning

D.crooning

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。crowing“啼叫”；chanting“喊叫，歌颂”；intoning“吟咏”；crooning“柔情低唱”。句意：一群游行示威者在广场上有节奏的高喊反政府的口号。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Patientstendtofeelindignantandinsultedifthephysiciantellsthemhecanfindnoorganiccauseforthepain.Theytendtointerprettheterm“psychogenic”tomeanthattheyarecomplainingofnonexistentsymptoms.Theyneedtobeeducatedaboutthefactthatmanyformsofpainhavenounderlyingphysicalcausebutaretheresult,asmentionedearlier,oftension,stressorhostilefactorsinthegeneralenvironment.Sometimesapainmaybeamanifestationof“conversionhysteria”.

Obviously,itisfollyforanindividualtoignoresymptomsthatcouldbeawarningofapotentiallyseriousillness.Somepeoplearesoterrifiedofgettingnewsfromadoctorthattheyallowtheirmalaisetoworsen,sometimespastthepointofnoreturn.Totalneglectisnottheanswertohypochondria.Theonlyanswerhastobeincreasededucationaboutthewaythehumanbodyworks;sothatmorepeoplewillbeabletosteeranintelligentcoursebetweenpromiscuouspill-poppingandirresponsibledisregardofgenuinesymptoms.

Ofallformsofpain,noneisimportantfortheindividualtounderstandthanthe“threshold”variety.Almosteveryonehasatelltaleachethatistriggeredwhenevertensionorfatiguereachesacertainpoint.Itcantaketheformofamigraine-typeheadacheorasqueezingpaindeepintheabdomenorcrampsorapaininthelowerbackoreveninthejoints.Theindividualwhohaslearnedhowtomakethecorrelationbetweensuchthresholdpainsandtheircausedoesn'tpanicwhentheyoccur;heorshedoessomethingaboutrelievingthestressandtension.Then,ifthepainpersistsdespitetheabsenceofapparentcause,theindividualwilltelephonethedoctor.

26.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

27.Somepeoplesufferingfromapaindonotgotohospitalbecause（）.

28.Accordingtothepassage,theproperwaytowardsapainis（）.

29.Assoonasapersongets“thresholdpains”，heshould（）.

问题1选项

A.Apaincanonlybecausedbyphysicalharm.

B.Somepeoplearecomplainingofapainwhichdoesnotexist.

C.Apaincanbecausedbypsychogenicfactors.

D.Educatedpeopledonotcomplainofnonexistentpain.

问题2选项

A.theyarehorrifiedtogetthebadnews

B.theythinknomedicineiseffective

C.theythinkthepainwilldisappearassoonasyouforgetit

D.theyaretoobusy

问题3选项

A.takingdifferentmedicines

B.visitingfamousphysicians

C.payingnoattentiontoit

D.noneoftheabove

问题4选项

A.telephonethedoctorimmediately

B.firstrelievethestressandtensionwhichcausethepains

C.waittoletthepainsreachacertainpoint

D.takepain-killer

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】26.细节判断题。信息点定位为原文第一段，根据第二句Theytendtointerprettheterm“psychogenic”tomeanthattheyarecomplainingofnonexistentsymptoms.（他们倾向于将“心理原因”一词解释为他们在抱怨不存在的症状。）中的“psychogenic”（心理性的），即可得出本题答案。

27.

细节判断题。根据题干关键词“donotgotohospital”，将信息点定位到原文第二段Somepeoplearesoterrifiedofgettingnewsfromadoctorthattheyallowtheirmalaisetoworsen,sometimespastthepointofnoreturn.（有些人非常害怕从医生那里得到消息，他们让自己的不适加剧，有时甚至到了无法恢复的地步。）根据“soterrifiedofgetting”“news...worsen”，即可得出本题答案。

28.

细节推理题。根据原文第三段第一句Ofallformsofpain,noneisimportantfortheindividualtounderstandthanthe“threshold”variety.（没有比知道这些疼痛种类的下限更重要的事情了。）即可得出本题答案。

29.

细节推理题。根据题干关键词“thresholdpains”定位到原文最后一段第四句。根据Theindividualwhohaslearnedhowtomakethecorrelationbetweensuchthresholdpainsandtheircausedoesn’tpanicwhentheyoccur;heorshedoessomethingaboutrelievingthestressandtension.（学会了如何将这种阈值疼痛与其原因联系起来的人，在疼痛发生时并不惊慌；他或她做了一些缓解压力和紧张的事情。）中的“relievingthestressandtension”即可得出本题答案。

17.单选题

Itwas（）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

问题1选项

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.assaulted

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。addict“上瘾的”；allege“宣称，断言”；assault“攻击，袭击”；ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。句意：据称，这家饭店歧视黑人顾客。B项符合题意。

18.单选题

Acomprehensivemarketsystemshouldbeestablishedto______theflowoftalent,fundsandmaterials.

问题1选项

A.suffice

B.necessitate

C.facilitate

D.fabricate

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.suffice足够；足以B.necessitate使成为必要

C.facilitate促进；促使D.fabricate编造；捏造

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“应该建立一个全面的市场体系来______人才、资金和物资的流动”，根据空格后的单词flow可知，空格处表示“促进”符合句意，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句意。

【句意】应该建立一个全面的市场体系来促进人才、资金和物资的流动。

19.单选题

InNovember1987thegovernment（

）apublicdebateonthefuturedirectionoftheofficialsportspolicy.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.designated

C.induced

D.promoted

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】动词辨析题。A选项initiate“开始、发起”；B选项designate“指定、指派”；C选项induce“引诱、说服”；D选项promote“促进、提高”。由关键词“government”和“publicdebate公开辩论”，判断可知空格部分单词意思为“发起”，句意为：1987年11月，政府就官方体育方针政策的未来走向发起了一场公开辩论。故正确答案选A。

20.单选题

Theideathatboysandgirlshavedifferentlearningstylesseemstobelosingground，buttherearestillmany（）supportersofsingle-sexeducation.

问题1选项

A.compulsory

B.pervasive

C.critical

D.passionate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compulsory“义务的，强制的”，B选项pervasive“遍布的，普遍的”，C选项critical“批判性的，关键的”，D选项passionate“狂热的，热情的”，句意：认为男孩和女孩有不同的学习方式的观点似乎正在失势，但仍有许多普遍支持男女分校教育的人。因此，B选项符合句意。

21.问答题

Manygovernmentsaregrowingincreasinglydeterminedtostampoutthathasbeenreferred

A

B

C

toasthe“corruptioneruption”.

D

【答案】试题答案：C;what

【解析】考查关系代词。that不能充当宾语从句中的主语，分析句子可知从句中缺少主语，因此将that改为what。

22.单选题

Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

问题1选项

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项commonplace“平凡的，普通的”；B选项standardized“标准化的”；C选项competitive“竞争的，比赛的”；D选项generalized“普遍的，广泛的”。根据Even可知空格与varygreatly的意思相反，因此选B。句意：即使教科书通过学校系统标准化，教学方法也可能有很大的不同。

23.单选题

Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,（

）aresuggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.

问题1选项

A.as

B.while

C.after

D.since

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。A选项as“因为、正如、虽然”；B选项while“虽然、尽管”；C选项after“在……之后”；D选项since“自……以后”，根据句意：我希望针对空气污染的所有预防措施将会如当地政府所建议的那样在这里被认真考虑。以及语法结构可知填入部分充当方式状语，as“正如”符合题意，故正确答案选A。

24.单选题

InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesens