考研考博-英语-大兴安岭职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大兴安岭职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Oneofthemostimportantnon-legislativefunctionsoftheU.S.Congressisthepowertoinvestigate,whichisusuallydelegated[A]tocommittees—either[B]standingcommittees,specialcommittees[C]setforaspecificpurpose,orjointcommittees[D]consistedofmembersofbothhouses.

问题1选项

A.to

B.standing

C.setfor

D.consisted

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中的jointcommittees是consistof“由……组成”的逻辑主语。且consistof不能用被动语态，应将D选项consisted改为consisting。

2.翻译题

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglishWriteyourEnglishversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

目前，对待科技发展存在着相互对立的两种思潮；反科学思潮认为，现代科学的发展非但没有给人类社会带来福音，反而带来了灾难和毁灭；另一种是科技进步思潮，他们认为人类面临的环境污染、生态失衡、资源枯竭等危机是科学发展过程中自然而然遇到的问题，这些问题进一步解决的出路恰恰在于继续大力发展科技。上述两种观点都有一定的合理性，也都有各执一端的片面性，如果从时代的高度和辩证的观点看待当代科技的发展时，我们就可以发现，当代科学技术所面临的问题并不是去如何认识现代科技进步，而是从时代的需要出发，设法找到未来科技进一步发展的理论根据所在。

【答案】Atpresent,therearetwooppositetrendsofthoughttothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Anti-scienceholdstheviewthatthedevelopmentofmodernsciencehasnotbroughtthegospeltothehumansociety,butbroughtdisasteranddestruction.Theotheristhetrendofscientificandtechnologicalprogress,whoseviewisthatenvironmentalproblemssuchaspollution,ecologicalimbalanceandresourceexhaustionoccurnaturallyintheprocessofscientificdevelopment.ItisbyvigorouslydevelopingscienceandtechnologythattheseproblemscanbefurthersolveD.Bothofthesetwoviewsarereasonableandofone-sidedness.Ifwelookatthedevelopmentofcontemporaryscienceandtechnologyfromtheperspectiveofageanddialectics,wecanfindthattheseproblemsfacedbycontemporaryscienceandtechnologyarenothowtounderstandmodernscientificandtechnologicalprogress,buttrytofindthetheoreticalbasisforthefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinthefuturefromtheneedsofthetimes.

3.单选题

DoyoufindyourselfcheckingFacebookassoonasyouwakeupinthemorning?Evenasyoureadthisarticle,isyourrightindexfingertwitchingonthemouse,justitchingtoclickonsomethingnew?Ifso,welcometothe21stcentury.Withoutevenrealizingit,we’vesignedupforalifeinwhichwe’reallconnected,allthetime.WhetherornotthisisagoodthingisthesubjectofHamlet’sBlackberry,anewbookbyWilliamPowers.

Earlyinthebook,Powersdescribesascenethatshouldstrikemanyasfamiliar:HeisstandingatacrosswalkinthemiddleofManhattan,alongsidefiveoreightotherpeople—allofwhomarestaringintentlyatsomedigitaldevice.“HereIwasinNewYork,themostfantasticcityintheworld—somuchtolookat,toseeandhear,andeverybodyaroundmeessentiallywasn’tpresent,”hesays.

Powersmayquestionthewayweuseourgadgets,buthecertainlydoesn’tcondemnit.Hedoes,however,recognizethedownsideofconstantlybeingfloodedwithnewinformationorwhathecallsthe“conundrumofconnectedness.”

Amongthethingsthatsufferfromouroverconnectedness,Powerssays,arerelationships.“Ifwe’reconstantlytogglingbetweenpeopleonFacebookandtextsandallthesenewwaysofconnectingalldaylong,andweneverhaveasustainedconnection,”Powerssays.“It’ssortoftheoppositeofconnectedness.”

Buthowareweofthe21stcenturysupposedtocopewiththatproblem?Powershasonesuggestionthat’sbothutterlysimpleandalmostimpossibletoimaginefollowing:justdisconnect.Hisfamily,forexample,takesan“InternetSabbath”everyweekend.“Weturnoffthehouseholdmodem,andwedon’thavesmartphonesthewholeweekend.Wecan’tdoWebsurfing.”heexplains.

AccordingtoPowers,thepositiveeffectsofthesetechnologybreaksarefeltlongaftertheweekendsareover.“Evenwhenwe’reconnected,wecanfeelthebenefitsofhavingbeendisconnectedacoupledaysago,”hesays.“It’sjustaboutthatsimpleword,‘balance’”.

Notthathethinksuppluggingyourmodemisnecessarilyeasy.“It’sreallyhardtopullaway.Youhavetoknowwhyyou’redoingit,andreallybelieve”hesays.“WhatI’mabouthereistryingtoconvincepeoplethatit’sworthdoing.”

1.WhatWilliamPowersdescribesinParagraph2（）.

2.Theword“downside”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto“（）”.

3.“InternetSabbath”meansthatonthisdaytheauthor’sfamily（）.

4.Theauthorthinksthatthe“InternetSabbath”（）.

5.Thepassageismostlikelya（）.

问题1选项

A.makeslittledifferencetoourlife

B.isacommonphenomenon

C.rarelyhappensinotherplaces

D.iswhathehasbeenlookingfor

问题2选项

A.confusion

B.disadvantage

C.challenge

D.secret

问题3选项

A.usestheInternettocallandtext

B.usestheInternetonlyforpleasure

C.completelystopsusingtheInternet

D.cannotworkwithouttheInternet

问题4选项

A.isreallyworthtaking

B.issuitableformostfamily

C.istoohardforotherstofollow

D.isrelativelyeasytocarryout

问题5选项

A.socialsurvey

B.newsreport

C.technologyupdate

D.bookreview

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第二段主要描述了WilliamPowers在纽约所见到的一个场景。由语段第一句“Powersdescribesascenethatshouldstrikemanyasfamiliar…（鲍尔斯描述了一个很多人都很熟悉的场景……）”可知该现象在日常生活中很常见，A选项在该语段中没有提到，C选项“在其他地方很少发生”与第一句“strikemanyasfamiliar（很多人都很熟悉的场景）”不相符，D选项“是他一直在寻找的”与该语段的意思不相符，因此B选项“是一种常见现象”正确。

2.词意猜测题。Downside“负面，缺点”，如果不认识该单词，也可从第三段最后一句话中的“conundrumofconnectedness.（连结性难题）”推断出鲍尔斯意识到了不断被新信息淹没的负面影响。A选项confusion“混淆，困惑”；C选项challenge“挑战，考验”；D选项secret“秘密，机密”，因此B选项“缺点，不利条件”正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第五段中的“Weturnoffthehouseholdmodem,andwedon’thavesmartphonesthewholeweekend.Wecan’tdoWebsurfing.”heexplains.（“我们关掉家用调制解调器，整个周末都没有智能手机。我们不能上网。”他解释道。）可知“InternetSabbath”表示作者全家这天都不能上网，A选项“使用互联网打电话和发短信”不正确；B选项“上网娱乐”不符合原文；D选项“没有互联网而不能工作”原文也没有提到，因此C选项“完全停止使用互联网”正确。

4.推理判断题。文章最后一段有提到“Notthathethinksuppluggingyourmodemisnecessarilyeasy（并不是说他认为关闭调制解调器一定很容易）”，可知“InternetSabbath”并不容易；最后一段作者还说到“WhatI’mabouthereistryingtoconvincepeoplethatit’sworthdoing.（我在这里的目的是试图说服人们，这是值得做的）”。B选项“适合大多数家庭”原文没有提到；C选项“对其他人来说很难跟着做”不符合原文意思；D选项“相对容易执行”与原文意思相悖；因此A选项“真的值得一试”正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章围绕威廉•鲍尔斯（WilliamPowers）的新书《哈姆雷特的黑莓》（Hamlet’sBlackberry）展开。作者从第二段“Earlyinthebook”开始就是描述的该书的内容。因此这篇文章是一篇书评。A选项“社会调查”；B选项“新闻报道”；C选项“技术更新”，都不符合文章大意，因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture”,thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.

Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateisprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.

PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.“Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem.”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”

Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVDmailingservicetofocusonstreaming.“Itwasseenasblunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?“Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint,”hesaid,“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”

Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein,“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping.”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit,whichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital—onlysubscription.

“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness.”Perettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituation,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive.”

1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto（

）.

2.Perttisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata“legacyproduct”（

）.

4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

问题1选项

A.theincreasingonlineandsales

B.thepressurefromitsinvestors

C.thecomplaintsfromitsreaders

D.thehighcostofoperation

问题2选项

A.makestrategicadjustments

B.endtheprinteditionforgood.

C.seeknewsourcesofleadership.

D.aimforefficientmanagement

问题3选项

A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes

B.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers

C.willhavethecostofprintingreduced

D.expandsthepopularityofthepaper.

问题4选项

A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected

B.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving

C.aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges

D.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated

问题5选项

A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce.

B.CherishthenewspapersStillinYourHand

C.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion

D.MakeYourPrintNewspapersaLuxuryGood

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第二段Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints提到现在发行一份纸质报纸所需要的印刷机、配送卡是奢侈。在当下，只发行电子版报纸的同类报纸不受这种经济因素的制约。选项D“昂贵的运营费用”符合题意。

2.文章第四段第一句PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway提到Peretti认为泰晤士报不应该花时间去思考停止印刷纸质版，而是应该寻找正确的方法去解决问题。选项A“进行战略调整”符合题意。

3.文章第六段第一句themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor提到最忠诚的顾客们依旧会选择他们一直喜欢的产品；makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit专门为最忠诚客户为生，由此推断选项B“专门为最忠诚客户为生”符合题意。

4.文章最后一段最后一句inthosesituation,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive提到碰到那种情况，迎难而上要比无所作为好。选项C符合题意。

5.文章主要讲述了报纸行业为防止被淘汰而采取对策。文章第五、六段提到不应该立即取消或者淘汰报纸行业，而应该把它变成一种更像文化遗产的产品，不断提高报纸的价格，变成一种奢侈品（Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct）。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople’scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker’shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerica.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreaterextent?

问题1选项

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon’tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon’tsmoke

问题2选项

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon’tharmthem

问题3选项

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking

B.Non-smokersmaydieofsecondhandsmoking

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself

问题4选项

A.Theyaresickmoreoften

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease

C.Itwillinfluencetheirfuturelife

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer

问题5选项

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句话提到美国每年大约有五万三千人死于二手烟（TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke），由此可知选项B符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到点燃的香烟产生的烟雾含有许多不同的有毒化学物质（Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals），接着提到即使不吸烟的人体内也含有大量有害的有毒化学物质（Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies），由此可知不吸烟的人之所以受吸烟人的影响是因为他们吸入了有毒气体，因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章讲述了二手烟的危害，选项A“不吸烟的人被迫吸入二手烟”、选项B“不吸烟的人由于吸入二手烟而丧命”、选项C“我们所有人或多或少都会受到二手烟的影响”都能在文章中体现，因此选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章并没有提到吸入二手烟的不良影响与精神疾病有关，因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到对于那些父母都吸烟的家庭中的孩子来说，这种风险甚至更高（Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke），因此选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Ourstomachscanoftenbeamysterytousandmanyofusdon’trealizejusthowmuchthefoodweeatcanimpactonourmoodandmentalwell-being.

AccordingtocharityAllergyUK,ashocking45%ofussufferswithfoodanddrinkintolerances,beverage—thisiscalledfoodintolerance.

Foodintoleranceisamuchmorecommonproblemthanfoodallergyandoneofthemostharmfulsymptomscanbelowmood.1in4peopleintheUKwillsufferproblemswiththeirmoodormentalhealtheveryyear,withanti-depressantprescriptionsincreasingbyover40%inthelast5years.

RecentresearchfromYorkTestLaboratories,leadingexpertsinfoodintolerancetesting,hasfoundthat97%oftheircustomersreportedproblemsrelatingtomoodasasignificantsymptomoftheirfoodintolerance,ofwhich73%feltthattheirmoodhadsignificantlyimprovedafteralteringtheirdietstoremovefoodstowhichtheyreacted.

Inaddition,inarecentpaperpublishedintheJournalofNutritionandFoodSciences,over81%ofpatientsreportedasignificantimprovementinmoodandmentalwell-beingasadirectconsequenceofapplyingthedietarychangesrecommendedbyYorkTest.

Sohowisitthatthefoodweeatcanhavesuchasignificantimpactonourmood?

Bidirectionalconnectionsbetweenthegutandthebrainarecomplexandareregulatedinthebodyinthreedifferentways:throughnerves,hormonesandtheimmunesystem.Thegutmediatesthebody’simmuneresponse;atleast70percentofourimmunesystemissituatedinthegutandisusedtoexpelandkillforeigninvaders.

Ourgutcontainssome100millionneurons(nervecells),morethanineitherthespinalcordortheperipheralnervoussystem.Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.Ourgutpartlydeterminesourmentalstateandplayskeyrolesincertaindiseasesthroughoutthebody.Manypeoplewillnotbeawarethat90%ofserotonin（血清素）,thebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut—itisforthesereasonsthatthegutisoftenreferredtoasthe‘secondbrain’.

Inaddition,researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinal（肠胃的）inflammation—acommonsymptomoffoodintolerance.Bytacklingunidentifiedfoodintolerances,notonlywillphysicalsymptomsbenefit,butmentalhealthsymptomscanoftenshowsignificantimprovement.

Thereareanumberofwaystoidentifypotentiallymoodsuppressingfoodintolerances.OnethatIrecommendisscientificallyvalidatedandwellresearchedisYorkTest.ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers,allowingpeopletosimplymodifytheirdietswithlifechanginghealthbenefits.

1.Theover40%increaseofanti-depressantprescriptionsinthelast5yearsintheUKwasattributedto（）.

2.WhichisNOToneofthereasonswhythegutisoftenreferredtoasthe“secondbrain”?

3.Whatfrequentlyhasacausalconnectionwithdepression?

4.Whatisthepurposeinone’stakingYorkTest?

问题1选项

A.foodintolerance

B.foreigninvaders

C.foodallergy

D.foodtriggers

问题2选项

A.Ourgutcontainsmorenervecellsthaninthespinalcord.

B.Theneuronsinthegutcontributesolelytoeffectivedigestion.

C.90%ofthebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut.

D.Certaindiseasesresultfromourdigestivesystem.

问题3选项

A.Apsychiatricdisorder.

B.Bidirectionaltreatment.

C.Gastrointestinalinflammation.

D.Unidentifiedphysicalproblems.

问题4选项

A.Tovalidatethescientificresearch.

B.Todetectthesourceoffoodintolerance.

C.Toinventamodificationoflifestyle.

D.Toprescribeanti-depressantdrugs

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第三段的内容可知,食物耐受不良是一个比食物过敏更常见的问题,最有害的症状之一是情绪低落。在英国,每年有四分之一的人情绪或心理健康都会出现问题,在过去的五年中,抗抑郁药物的处方数量增加了40%以上。所以选项A正确。

2.根据第八段的内容可知,选项A,C,D均符合原文;根据第二句“Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.”所有这些排列在我们消化系统中的神经元不仅仅是处理消化,偶尔也会引起紧张情绪。选项B描述太绝对,所以不正确。

3.根据第九段第一句“researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinalinflammation”研究表明抑郁症经常与肠胃炎联系在一起。所以选项C正确。

4.根据最后一段最后一句“ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers...”这项名为“饮食扫描”的饮食耐受不良测试,可以发现饮食耐受不良潜在的诱因。选项B符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

7.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious，notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedorfallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery’’theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

（

）.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

问题1选项

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

问题2选项

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

问题3选项

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

问题4选项

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

问题5选项

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless（然而，所有这些润滑剂并不能改变人已经变得毫无力量的事实）可知C选项“与社会其他部分相比不重要的一部分，尽管运行平稳”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.（他们生老病死，从来没有面对过人类作为情感上和智力上独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实）可知D选项“他们被剥夺了个性和独立性”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress（不断地需要证明自己和竞争对手一样好，或者比竞争对手强，这就产生了持续的焦虑和压力）可知D选项“能远离这个竞争激烈的世界的人”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements（变成一种以人为本的工业主义，在这种工业中，在这里人及其潜能——爱和理性——的充分开发是所有社会安排的目的）可知C选项“使人能充分发挥自己的潜力”符合题意。

5.观点态度题。由文章第一段的内容可知作者将社会比作一个机械，人只是这个机械中的一个小齿轮，并对其进行了讽刺和批评，因此B选项“不满”符合题意。

8.单选题

Itgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis（

）toteacher-training.

问题1选项

A.invariably

B.indispensable

C.indisposed

D.inviolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。invariably“总是，不变地”;indispensable“不可缺少的”；indisposed“不舒服的”；inviolate“无污点的”。前半句提到“由于老师与学生共事”，因此“心理学课程是教师培训必不可少的”，选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Therelativeswhoreceivedlittleornothingsoughttoinvalidatethewillbyclaimingthatthedeceasedhadnotbeeninhisrightmindwhenhehadsignedthedocument.

问题1选项

A.destroy

B.inveigh

C.mandate

D.strengthen

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。题干invalidate“使无效，使作废”。A项“摧毁，破坏”，B项“抨击，痛骂”，C项“授权”，D项“加强，增强”。因此选A。句意：几乎没有或什么也没有得到的亲戚声称，死者在签署文件时精神不正常，遗嘱无效。

10.写作题

WriteonANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto：

1.describethepicture；

2.deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture；

3.suggestcounter-measures.

【答案】略

11.单选题

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30million

participantsofallages.

问题1选项

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娱乐”；symposium“座谈会’；penalty“惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Agrowingnumberofcollegeofficials,guidancecounselorsandeducationexpertswouldliketoeliminate,orsharplycurtail(减少)earlyadmission(提前录取)—aprocessinwhichmanycollegesadmitasubstantialpercentageoftheirstudentsinthefall.Controversyisparticularlyheatedregardingmanyearlyadmissionprogramsthatrequireapplicantstogiveupthechancetoapplyelsewhere.

Opponentsofearlyadmissionsofferseveralcriticisms.Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.Moreover,criticssay,earlyadmissionunfairlygivesaleguptosomeapplicants,mostlythosewhoalreadyhavemanyadvantages-studentsateliteprivateschoolsandwealthypublicschoolswherefamiliesandguidancecounselorsknowhowtoworktheanglesoftheadmissionssystem.

ThepresidentofYaleUniversityfueledthedebateearlierthismonthbyproposingthatYaleandothereliteinstitutionsconsiderabandoningtheearlyprograms.Inasignofjusthowcompetitivetheadmissionsprocesshasbecome,hesaidhisuniversitycouldnotmakesuchamovealone.Evensomestudentswhogainearlyadmissiontothecollegestheywantsaytheprocessinvolvestoomuchpressure,toosoon.

Theuseof“earlydecision”and“earlyaction”programs,which,indifferentways,grantadmissiontostudentsmonthsaheadoftheusualspringnotifications,hassoaredinrecentyearsandisatwhatsomesayarerecordhighs.Manytopprivatecolleges