考研考博-英语-天津生物工程职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津生物工程职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Compassionisagreatrespecterofjustice:wepitythosewhosuffer_____.

问题1选项

A.shamelessly

B.unwittingly

C.vicariously

D.undeservedly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。D项“不应得地，不当地”。A项“不知羞耻地”，B项“不知情地”，C项“代别人感受地”。结合句意：同情是对正义的极大尊重，我们同情那些遭受的人，因此只有D项符合。

2.单选题

（

）foralongtime,thefieldsarealldriedup.

问题1选项

A.Therehasbeennorain

B.Havingnorain

C.Therehavingbeennorain

D.Therebeingnorain

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。逗号后面的是一个完整的句子，所以前面应该用非谓语结构，再根据foralongtime可知要用到完成时，所以选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Manywell-educatedpeopledon’tbelievethat（

）willendangerfreedomofspeech.

问题1选项

A.censership

B.censureship

C.sensorship

D.censorship

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。四个选项中只有选项D这个单词是存在的，censorship“审查制度”。句意：很多受过良好教育的人认为审查制度不会危及言论自由。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresult,officialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout$1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrew,theMidwestfloodof1993,andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.

Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earthquakeinSanFrancisco,California,bankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyears,asspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.Today,estimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach$100billion.

Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiative,whichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurance,setupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprograms,effectivelyimplemented,couldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.

Becausethestakesaresohigh,thescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicymakersalike.Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction—forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertainty,andbecausemuchremainstobelearned,scientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyused,however,disasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters.

1.Theresultoftheincreasingcostsinnaturaldisastersis（）.

2.ThedifferencebetweentheactuallosscausedbyHurricaneAndrewandthelossestimatedbyinsurancecompaniesbeforethehurricaneis（）.

3.Thepurposeofinsurancecompaniestosupportdisasterpredictionresearchisthat（）.

4.Theword“tsunamis”(Line3,Para.4)mostlikelyrefersto（）?

5.Thekeyfactortoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersis（）.

问题1选项

A.greatlosssufferedbycommercialcompanies

B.government’sincreasedattentionondisaster

C.individual’sawarenesstonaturaldisasters

D.morefundstosupportthepredictionresearch

问题2选项

A.1billiondollars

B.8billiondollars

C.9billiondollars

D.17billiondollars

问题3选项

A.companieswanttomakemoneyfromtheinsuredplaces

B.companiesmaythushaveabetterideaofthefuturerisks

C.companiescangetmoresympathiesfromthegovernment

D.companiesintendtomakeuseofpeople’strustintheindustry

问题4选项

A.violentstormwithwhirlingwindsinthefunnel-shapedcloud

B.aseriesofhugeanddestructivewaves,usuallycausedbylargeearthquakesbeneaththeocean

C.mountainfromwhichlava,cinders,steam,gasesescapethroughopeningsintheearth’scrust

D.stormwithaviolentwind,esp.acycloneintheWestAtlantic

问题5选项

A.insurancecompaniesshouldbewiseenoughintheirestimatesoflosses

B.thegovernmentshouldbearsomeofthefinancialrisksofdisasterinsurance

C.thegeneralpublicshouldbemadefullyawareofthepossibledamages

D.technologyshouldbeimprovedandthreephasesofpredictionbeconsidered

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词theincreasingcost可以定位到原文首段“Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.”，中文翻译为：这种不断增加的损失已让政府和企业为开发与灾难预测相关的技术提供了更多的资金，且已带来对预测信息有效利用的更多研究。因此D选项“更多资金去支持预测研究”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.”，中文翻译为：例如，在1992年安德鲁飓风发生前，很多保险公司专家认为工业可能的最严重损失将至多80亿美元。而安德鲁飓风所造成的被估计大约为170亿美元的损失却打破了这些看法。可推断出C项“90亿美元”正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.”，中文翻译为：这种期望是，产生的消息将让该行业（即保险业）有更可靠的基础去决策未来灾害的风险。可知答案为B项“公司可能因此对未来风险有更好的了解”。

4.【试题解析】词汇题。根据题干关键词tsunamis可以定位到文章第四段第三句话“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthat…”，中文翻译为：飓风、龙卷风、洪水、地震、海啸和火山都表明了……可以判断出该单词为“海啸”，因此B项“一系列巨大且破坏性的波浪，通常是海底大地震导致的”正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第四段第三句话“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction―forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.”，中文翻译为：飓风、龙卷风、洪水、地震、海啸和火山都表明，有效利用灾害预测不仅需要先进的技术，而且需要社会考虑预测的整个过程——预测、通信和信息的使用。可知答案为D“应该改进技术，考虑预测的三个阶段”。

5.单选题

PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.IncriticizingObamafortakingtoomuchtime,MikeRogers,theRepublicanchairmanoftheHouseIntelligenceCommittee,told“FoxNewsSunday”that“this‘don’t-do-stupid-stuff”policyisn’tworking.”Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?

First,experience.After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.Wewereinahurry,myselfincluded,tochangethingsafter9/11,andwhenyou’reinahurryyouignorecomplexitiesthatcomebacktohauntyoulater.

TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact,ala9/11,andrushoffagainwithoutastrategy.TheIslamicStateisawful,butitisnotathreattoAmerica’shomeland.

Second,thecontext.TodefeattheIslamicState,youhavetoaddressthecontextoutofwhichitemerged.AndthatisthethreecivilwarsragingintheArabworldtoday:thecivilwarwithinSunniIslambetweenradicaljihadistsandmoderatemainstreamSunniMuslimsandregimes;thecivilwaracrosstheregionbetweenSunnisfundedbySaudiArabiaandShiitesfundedbyIran;andthecivilwarbetweenSunnijihadistsandallotherminoritiesintheregion:Yazidis,Turkmen,Kurds,Christians,JewsandAlawites.

Whenyouhavearegionbesetbythatmanycivilwarsatonce,itmeansthereisnocenter,onlysides.Andwhenyouinterveneinthemiddleofaregionwithnocenter,youveryquicklybecomeaside.

TheIslamicStateemergedasanextremeexpressionofresentmentbyoneside:IraqiandSyrianSunniswhofeltcutoutofpowerandresourcesbythepro-IranianShiiteregimeinBaghdadandthepro-IranianAlawite/ShiiteregimeinDamascus.ThatiswhyObamakeepsinsistingthattheUnitedStates’militaryinterventionmustbeaccompanied,forstarters,byIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment―ofmainstreamShiites,SunnisandKurds--soouruseofforcesupportspluralismandpower-sharing,notjustShiitepower.

Butpower-sharingdoesn’tcomeeasyinaregionwherekinshipandsectarianloyaltiesoverwhelmanysenseofsharedcitizenship.Withoutit,though,thedominantphilosophyiseither:“Iamstrong,whyshouldIcompromise?”or“Iamweak,howcanIcompromise?”SoanyonslaughtwemakeontheIslamicState,absentnationalunitygovernments,willhaveShiitessayingtheformerandSunnissayingthelatter.That’swhythisiscomplicated.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordsissynonymoustothehighlightedword“excoriated”inthefirstlineofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingstatementsareFALSEEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthewholepassage?

5.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor’sattitudetowardsObama’spolicyontheIslamicStateaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.excruciated

B.approbated

C.exfoliated

D.reprobated

问题2选项

A.MikeRogersdoesn’tthinkthatitisstupidthatObamadidn’ttakeactionstobombtheIslamicState.

B.GeorgeW.Bush’sapproachtodestroytheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraqhasactuallyhelpedIran.

C.TheIslamicStatebeheadedtwoAmericanJournalistshadthreatenedthesafetyofAmericanhomeland.

D.Whenaregionisbesetbymanycivilwarsatonce,thereiscenter,nosides.

问题3选项

A.IfObamadiddestroytheIslamicState,hewouldignoreseveralissues.

B.ThevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicStatearejustmeanttothreatentheUnitedStates.

C.ObamainsiststhattheUnitedStates，militaryinterventioninIraqmustbeaccompaniedbyIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment.

D.TheU.S.governmentneedstothinkoverbeforetakingactionsagainsttheIslamicState.

问题4选项

A.Obama’sPolicyontheIslamicState

B.ConflictsintheArabWorld

C.Fire,Ready,Aim.NotReady,Aim,Fire

D.Ready,Aim,Fire.NotFire,Ready,Aim

问题5选项

A.opposing

B.approving

C.neutral

D.indifferent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一句，“PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.”，可知美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马因宣称尚未制定有效对抗伊斯兰国组织的战略而受到严厉批评。所以找出excoriate“批评，斥责”的同义词，选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句，“After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.”可知9.11后那种“开炮、准备、作战”的方法使布什在伊拉克发动地面战争的时候没有足够的军事力量在控制这个国家，没有真正了解伊拉克什叶派和逊尼派的宗派动态，也没有意识到摧毁了阿富汗的逊尼派塔利班政权和伊拉克的逊尼派复兴党政权，我们就可以摧毁伊朗的死敌，从而为伊朗地区影响力的大规模扩张开辟道路。可推断出布什摧毁阿富汗逊尼派塔利班政权和伊拉克逊尼派复兴党政权的做法，实际上帮助了伊朗。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句，“TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact”，可知伊斯兰国斩首两名美国记者的视频的恶劣程度无法用言语来形容，但我毫不怀疑，他们的目的只是让我们反应过度。所以目的不是为了威胁美国。选项B符合题意。

4.主旨题。文章主要关于有效抗击伊斯兰国组织的策略问题，主要讲述了打击伊斯兰国的策略。9.11事件后策略上的不成熟导致美国陷入不利的处境，所以D选项的标题是对策略的一个完整概括和总结，即准备-定目标-开战，而不是开战-准备-定目标。选项D符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章第一段，“Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?”，可知在我听来这很奇怪，就好像我们应该直接轰炸某人，即使这很愚蠢。如果奥巴马要摧毁伊斯兰国，他会忽略哪些问题呢?，可推断出作者对于奥巴马摧毁伊斯兰国的政策持赞同态度。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

IntheUnitedStates,the______betweentherichandthepoorisgrowing,withthegapwideningyearly.

问题1选项

A.penury

B.disparity

C.amelioration

D.languidness

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.penury贫困，贫穷B.disparity不等，不一致

C.amelioration改进，改善D.languidness疲倦，阴沉

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句句意“随着贫富差距每年的扩大”可以推知，穷人和富人之间的差异同样也在扩大，空格处表示“不平等，差异”符合句意，因此该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在美国，随着贫富差距每年的扩大，穷人与富人之间的不平等也在扩大。

7.单选题

Icouldnotimaginethat（

）possible.

问题1选项

A.be

B.being

C.is

D.was

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我简直不能想象那是有可能的。

语法题。考查特殊虚拟语气。imagine之后的that引导的宾语从句需要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形,此时should可以省略。

8.单选题

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

问题1选项

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

问题2选项

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

问题3选项

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

问题4选项

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

问题5选项

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”两种戏剧都使用音乐。最初，男性在能剧和歌舞伎剧中同时扮演男性和女性角色。选项A和C均正确，所以本题选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知选项A错误；选项B和C都是描述能剧的，所以只有选项D正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容可知，选项C和D是描述歌舞伎剧，首先排除；选项B在文中没有提及；选项A符合原文，所以正确。

4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎剧清楚地展现了这些商人的品味和思想。选项B符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后几句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知选项A和B都有提及，所以选项D正确。

9.单选题

Asagoodphotographer,youmustdevelopanawarenessoftheworldaroundyouandthepeoplewho（）it.

问题1选项

A.innovate

B.inhabit

C.integrate

D.inherit

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。innovate创新，改革；inhabit居住于，存在于；integrate整合；inherit继承。人类是居住在世界上的，所以选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredasadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedications,suchassteroids,thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenasithastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult,theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonjoints),gout,boneandjointdiseases(includingrupturedintervertebraldiscs),varicoseveins,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,cervix,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,esophagus,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenMBI(body-massindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencefromthefifthparagraphsuggestaboutobesity?

问题1选项

A.obesitycanleadtomanyhealthproblems

B.obesityisconsideredtobeadisease

C.obesitycanteachpeopledieting

D.obesityputsaburdenontheheart

问题2选项

A.medicationssuchassteroidsareoftenrelatedtoobesity

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson’schancesofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone’sageandsex

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday’ssociety

问题3选项

A.Dietscausefeelingsofdeprivation.

B.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

C.Dietsleadtoguiltanddepression.

D.Dietsdon’tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits.

问题4选项

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpersons.

B.Stomachstaplingandothersurgicalmethodsforweightlossaresuperiortodieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Themainideaofthispassageis______.1.这篇文章的主旨是______？

A.obesitycanleadtomanyhealthproblemsA.肥胖会导致很多疾病

B.obesityisconsideredtobeadiseaseB.肥胖被认为是一种疾病

C.obesitycanteachpeopledietingC.肥胖教会人节食

D.obesityputsaburdenontheheartD.肥胖给心脏带来负担

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】首先，定位文章首尾段核心句，第一段第一句“肥胖通常被定义为脂肪的堆积，超出了一个人的年龄、性别和体型所认为的正常水平”，以及最后一段第一句“78%的超重或肥胖成年人已经放弃了作为减肥手段的节食”，从中可知文章的主题是关于“肥胖”的；然后看到文章结构，文章首先是引入话题，中间三段阐述了肥胖引起的一系列疾病，最后两段讲述了节食并不能作为减肥手段；综上所述，可知，这篇文章主要目的是为了告诉读者，肥胖会引起很多疾病，所以A项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“肥胖被认为是一种疾病”和D项“肥胖给心脏带来负担”都只是段落里面有提到，属于以偏概全；

C项“肥胖教会人节食”，根据第六段第一句“ShapeUpAmerica的一项民意调查发现，78%超重或肥胖的成年人已放弃节食作为减肥的一种方式”，这也就是说很多超重的人已经放弃节食作为减肥方式，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Accordingtothepassage,______.2.根据文章，______。

A.medicationssuchassteroidsareoftenrelatedtoobesityA.类固醇等药物通常与肥胖有关

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson’schancesofgettingcancerB.肥胖并不影响一个人患癌的几率

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone’sageandsexC.肥胖的诊断是基于一个人的年龄和性别的正常体重

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday’ssocietyD.在当今社会，肥胖已经不是什么问题了

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据原文第一段第一句“肥胖通常被定义为脂肪的堆积，超出了一个人的年龄、性别和体型所认为的正常水平”，可知，肥胖的诊断的基于一个人的年龄、性别和体型所认为的正常水平，C项表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“类固醇等药物通常与肥胖有关”，根据第一段最后一句“只有在少数情况下（Onlyinasmallminorityofcases），肥胖是由甲状腺功能减退等疾病或服用类固醇等药物导致的，这些药物会导致体重增加”，从Onlyinasmallminorityofcases（只有在少数情况下）可知，该项表述不准确，属于曲解原文；

B项“肥胖并不影响一个人患癌的几率”表述与原文相反，第三段最后提到肥胖男女性有可能患各种癌症，该项反向干扰；

D项“在当今社会，肥胖已经不是什么问题了”，根据第一段第二句“在当今社会，肥胖被认为是一种疾病”可知，该项与原文相反，反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?3.根据这篇文章，为什么节食不会导致永久性的体重减轻？

A.Dietscausefeelingsofdeprivation.A.节食会抑制食欲。

B.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.B.节食方式太多，每种都有不同的要求。

C.Dietsleadtoguiltanddepression.C.节食会导致内疚和抑郁。

D.Dietsdon’tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits.D.节食并没有教会人们良好的饮食习惯。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段的最后两句“节食不会教人们如何正确的饮食。它们只是暂时限制食物的摄入量（merelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily），所以当节食结束时，体重又会增加。”，可知，节食并不是减肥的好办法，因为它只是暂时控制人们的食物摄入量，而且没有给人养成一个良好的饮食习惯。故D项“节食并没有教会人们良好的饮食习惯”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“节食会抑制食欲”，根据解题思路可知，节食只是暂时限制食物的摄入量，不等于抑制食欲，该项偷换概念；

B项“节食方式太多，每种都有不同的要求”原文没有提到，无中生有；

C项“节食会导致内疚和抑郁”，文中第四段提到“超重的男人和女人会因为自己太胖而自责，从而导致内疚和抑郁”，可知是超重会导致内疚和抑郁，并不是节食，该项曲解原文。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencefromthefifthparagraphsuggestaboutobesity?4.第五段中划线的句子说明了关于肥胖的什么问题？

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpersons.A.对老年人来说，减重太多是不明智的。

B.Stomachstaplingandothersurgicalmethodsforweightlossaresuperiortodieting.B.胃部缝合和其他手术方法减肥比节食减肥更好。

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.C.所有肥胖的人都需要减掉多余的体重。

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight.D.肥胖者应该向医生咨询减肥的利弊。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第五段中的划线句子“一些研究人员发现，将超重和死亡联系起来的数据并不确定，而另一些研究人员则发现，减肥可能比超重的危害更大”，结合划线部分的前一句“体重超标的相对风险会随着年龄的增长而下降”，综合理解可知，年龄越大，体重超标的相对风险就会下降，而减肥比超重的危害更大，所以推断，老年人减肥是不明智的。A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B项“胃部缝合和其他手术方法减肥比节食减肥更好”和D项“肥胖者应该向医生咨询减肥的利弊”在文章中没有提到，属于无中生有；

C项“所有肥胖的人都需要减掉多余的体重”，划线部分说到另一些研究人员则发现，减肥可能比超重的危害更大，所以不是所有肥胖的人都应该减重，该项曲解原文。

11.单选题

Youcanclaima（）onyourtax.

问题1选项

A.rebate

B.debate

C.abate

D.libate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项rebate“退还款；折扣；返还部分”；B选项debate“辩论；（正式的）讨论”；C选项abate“减轻；减少”；D选项libate“喝酒。句意：你可以要求退回部分税款。此处应填入一个名词，故排除C项和D项，只有A项符合句意，故选A。

12.单选题

Recentlythecarfactoryhadtocarryoutpersonnel（）becauseoffinancialtrouble.

问题1选项

A.cuts

B.demands

C.reductions

D.orders

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项cuts“切口，份额”；B选项demands“需求”；C选项reductions“减少，缩小”；D选项orders“顺序”。句意：最近，由于财政困难，汽车厂不得不进行人事_____。根据前句说“财政困难”，可以推测应该是要进行人事减少，因此C选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Operationwhichleftpatients___andinneedoflongperiodofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.

问题1选项

A.exhausted

B.abandoned

C.injured

D.deserted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项exhausted“筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的；耗尽的；枯竭的”；B选项abandoned“被抛弃的；（房屋，车辆）被废弃的；无约束的；恣意放荡的”；C选项injured“受伤的；受损害的”；D选项deserted“荒芜的；被遗弃的；无人居住的”。句意：手术使病人___，需要很长的时间恢复，现在却使他们感到轻松舒适。本句表达“手术让病人精疲力竭”，因此A选项正确。

14.填空题

Whatisgoodisthoughttobe________andwhatisevilisthoughttobeharmful,butdefininggoodandevilremainsacentralquestionofethics.(benefit)

【答案】beneficial

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】根据横线前面的be，以及表示并列结构的and，可知横线所在内容为形容词，beneficial“有益的”符合语境，指的是善被认为是有益的。

【句意】善被认为是有益的，恶被认为是有害的，但定义善恶仍然是伦理学的中心问题。

15.翻译题

Passage1

Severalpromisingdrugdevelopmentstrategiesareemerginginthefightagainsttuberculosis(TB),whichcontinuestoclaimnearlytwomillionlivesworldwideeachyear,largelyindevelopingcountries.AstheTBbacteriumevolvestoresistanti-TBdrugs,andpatientsfinditdifficulttosticktoexistingdrugregimesthesearchisonforbothnewdrugsandgooddiagnostics.Somepromisingdrugsareinearlyclinicaltrials,whichcouldreducethetimeneededtotreatTB—buttheoddsarestackedagainstthembecausefewerthantenpercentofantibioticsthaten