名词性从句归纳

名词性从句概括之勘阻及广创作一、名词性从句概说、构造与功能名词性从句是起名词作用的从句，其功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。与之对应的名词性从句分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句需要由分歧的关系词来指引，和主句相连。主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句thatwhether/if特别疑问词关系从句二、主语从句

动宾介宾不省略能够省略不省略不省略不省略放于句首均可使用只用只用只用用whether但有差别whetherwhetherwhether陈说句语序陈说句语序1、主语从句的类型●以附属连词that指引的主语从句。（从句位于句首，that往常不省略）Thatshewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedeveryoneofus.●以附属连词whether指引的主语从句。（从句置于句首时一般不用if来取代whether）→Whetherwe’llgooutingdependsontheweather.●以连结代词（what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever等词）指引的主语从句。→Whoeverwillbeinchargeoftheprojecthasn’tbeendecidedyet.【注】

what

与

that

在指引主语从句时，

what

不但起连结作用，并且还有详细意义，意为“所的”，相当于

thethingsthat

构造；而

that

则无词义。即假如从句中不缺乏主语或宾语时，选择

that

，不然用what。●以连结副词（when，where,how,why等词）指引的主语从句.Whenthenewroadisopentotraffichasnotbeenmadeclear.2、用it作形式主语的主语从句注：以下几种特别状况一定用it作形式主语：⑴

Itis+adj.+that

从句稀有的形容词有：

necessary

，right

，likely

，wrong，important

，certain

，clear

，obvious

，strange

等。Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.⑵Itis+noun+that从句常接这类句型的名词有：apity,ashame,goodnews,afact,anhonor,awonder,nowonder

等。→Itisapitythatyoudidn

’tattendthelecture[

讲座

]yesterday.⑶

Itis+

过去分词稀有的分词有：said,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,thought,considered,pointedout,wellknown,hoped,turnedout等词Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingoutthisexperiment.⑷It+特别动词+that从句常常使用于这类构造的动词有：seem，happen（刚巧），appear，occur等。Itseemstomethatyouobjecttotheplan.IthappenedthatIdidn’ttakeanymoneywithme.⑸Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether构造中的主语从句Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.三、宾语从句1、动词的宾语从句⑴大部分动词都能够带有宾语从句→Weallexpectthattheywillwinthismatch.稀有的动词有：hope,tell,say,know,think,consider,imagine,hear,expect,suppose,guess等。⑵有些“动词+副词”构造也可带宾语从句。Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.⑶能够运用形式宾语

it

的宾语从句：①动词

find,feel,think,consider,make,believe

等后有宾语补足语时，需要用

it

作形式宾语而讲

that

宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.②动词hate,take,have,seeto等词在带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加

it

。▲（若宾语从句是“

WH”系列指引，后来有

tobe

短语作宾补，则不能够用

it

代替。）→

Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.2、介词的宾语从句⑴一般状况下，介词后边只好用“

WH”系列连结词来指引的宾语从句。→Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoour

club.▲用

that

指引从句作介词宾语时，需要用形式宾语

it

代替，而后将

that从句发在最后。YoumaydependonitthatIshallalwayshelpyou.⑵有时的状况下，except,but,besides,in四个介词后边可接that指引的宾语从句→Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborworkinacompany.IpreferhisplantoyoursinthatIthinkitismore

expectthatheusedtopractical.(inthat

示意原由

)Hewouldhavefailedbutthatyouhelpedhim.(butthat

要不是，若非

)3、形容词的宾语从句sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等示意“感情”色彩的形容词后也能够带宾语从句。Heissurethattheywillmakeitinspiteoftheterribleweather.⑵当主句中的谓语动词是think,say,guess,suppose,suggest,believe,feel,consider时，宾语从句的指引词示意疑问时，需要放在句首。Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?4、if和whether在宾语从句顶用法的差别▲Whether和if在作“能否”讲时：Ⅰ在以下几种状况下只好用whether。⑴当被指引的宾语从句置于句首时。→WhethertheywilljoininthewintercampIdon’tcare.⑵指引的宾语从句作介词的宾语时。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherhewillcomenextweek.从句中有“ornot”时。Idon’tcarewhethertheworkwilltakelongornot.⑷指引词后接动词不定式时。Iamjustwonderingwhethertostayforanotherhourorjuststartoffrightaway.⑸当从句部分用if指引时，简单出现歧义时。Letmeknowwhetheryoucancome.*(此句话中若出现if，则不克不及判断if示意的含义为“能否”仍是“如果”，简单有歧义。)Ⅱ在动词ask,know,wonder,词后，只好用if。5、不可省略that的宾语从句⑴当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时，常不省略。IhavelearntthatmostofthestudentswhoareinterestedinChinesetakeinterestinEnglish.⑵当宾语从句比较长时，that不省略。Weallthinkthatwhatthepublicisbadlyinneedofisnothingbutthedevelopmentofeconomy.(我们大家都以为所急需的不是别的正是经济发展.)⑶当主句状语置于宾语从句以前时。IrealizedatoncethatIhaddonewrongimmediatelyshetoldmeallaboutthis.⑷当宾语从句的状语或状语从句置于其句首时。Hetoldusthat,ifwecouldallcometohelpout,thewholesituationwouldbelookingup.⑸当主句谓语动词（或非谓语动词）与宾语从句之间有拔出语时。WhenMarxgottoEngland,hefound,however,thathisEnglishwassolimitedthathecouldn’tgoonwithhiscommonaffairs.⑹当一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句时，此时第一个that能够省略，第二个that不能够。ThenhebegantotalktousabouttheFrenchlanguage,saying(that)itwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld,andthatwemustkeepitamongisandneverforgetit.⑺当宾语从句的主语是this，that，或this，that为主语的定语时。SomestudentsthinkthatthiskindofbookcanhelpthemimprovetheirEnglishgrammar.HesaidthatthewordthatIwroteontheblackboardwaswrong。⑻当宾语从句为双宾语的直接宾语时。Hetoldmethathewouldputsomesignsontheenvelope.⑼当宾语从句的主语为非谓语动词或主语从句时。→However,manypeoplesimplycouldn’tbelievethatwhathehadwrittenwastrue.⑽当宾语从句中有it为其形式宾语时。Weallconsidereditimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.(此类动词详见三、1、⑶、①部分)6、宾语从句的否认转移及其语气?主句的谓语是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等时，从句的否认一般要转到主句上来，其反意疑问句的主语一般和宾语从句的主语坚持一致。Idon’tthinkthey’llstickouttothelastminute.Idon’tsupposethat’shisfault,isit??宾语从句的特别语气：⑴动词wish以后的宾语从句要用虚构语气。→IwishIwereabird.⑵动词suggest,advise,order,insist,demand,command,request,require

的宾语从句用“

should+do

”形式。insist+that

坚持要求（接【

should

】

do

）；坚持以为（接一致时态）suggest+that建议（接【should】do）；暗示（接一致时态）四、表语从句1、表语从句的特别连结词⑴除了基本的连结词能够连结表语从句之外，because,asif/though,as,like等连结词也可指引表语从句。Hehasheartdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.⑵除了be动词之外，能够用于表语从句的连系动词有：seem,look,appear,sound,taste,feel,remain等。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.2、表语从句中需要注意的几个问题⑴reason为主语时的表语从句主语为reason时，表语从句中的连结词要用that，而不用why.Thereasonforsuchaseriousaccidentisthatthedriverwastoocarelessanddranktoomuch.⑵假如主句的主语为idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚构语气，则谓语动词一律用“（should）+动词原形”形式。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlayinginaside.五、同位语从句1、同位语从句常常使用的先行词常常使用的先行词有：belief，doubt,explanation,hope,idea,news,opinion,possibility,statement,thought,wish,truth,fact,question,promise,problem,reply,report,suggestion,advice,order,fear,warning,news,story,propose，etc.2、同位语从句和定语从句的判断方法同位语用以说明名词示意的详细内容，定