人教版一轮复习课时作业：25FirstaidWord版含解析

课时作业(二十五)必修⑤Unit5Firstaid【夯实基础】I.单句语法填空1．It’sknownthatifplasticsandrubberareburnt,theywillgiveoff(poison)gases.2．Withhiseyes(tight)shut,theinjuredmanwassenttohospitalatonce.3．Thepoorlittleboywaslyinginthemiddleoftheroad,(bleed)veryheavily.4．Thefirefighteralmostgot(choke)becauseoftheheavysmokeinthehouse.5．Nowadaysthepurposeofschoolis(treat)everystudentasanindividualandtomotivatethemtoreachtheirpotential.6．Theheavystressfromthestudywas(bear),soLiLingotdepressedanddecidedtogiveup.7．Thedoctorsaidthatmyeyeswouldbealittle(swell),soIneededtorestathomeforafewdays.8．Theproject,unless(approve)bythegovernment,willnotbecarriedoutsoon.9．IwasabouttocalltheeditorIfoundmycellphonemissing.10．Thesemenmadethemselvesfamousfortheircourageand(brave).II.完成句子1.I’mafraiditwillraintomorrow.(假如下雨的话),wewon’tbeabletoholdourfootballmatch.2.Hesuddenly(生病)lastweekand(由于疾病)hedidn’tattendthisimportantmeeting.3.Doyouknowhowto(实施急救)ifsomeoneisbittenbyasnake?4.Heraisedhisarmto(护住脸)fromtheblow.5.Someone(阻止)him(说实话).Sohewasafraidtodoso.III.课文浓缩根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyandyourbody'sorgan,protectagainstdisease,poisonsandsoon.Ithascomplex(function).Butwhenyourskingets(burn)itcanbeveryserious,soitisveryimportanttoknowfirstaidforburns.A(various)ofthingscanburnyourskin,andtherearethreetypesofburns.Ifyou'vegotburns,first,removeclothingusingscissorsnecessary.Forfirstdegreeburns,placecool,clean,wetclothesonthem.Forseconddegreeburns,(keep)clothscoolbyputtingthembackinabasinofcoldwater,(squeeze)themoutandplacingthemontheburnedareaoverandoveragainforaboutanhour.Next,drytheburnedarea(gentle),thencovertheburnedareawithadry,cleanbandagewithoutstickingtheskin,andholdinplacewithtape.Ifyou'vegotsecondorthirddegreeburns,you'dbettergotohospitalatonce.【能力提升】IV.阅读理解【2022·浙江卷】AIn1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn，therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字）rateinEnglandwasunder50％.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870，whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Remov-inghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories，literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60，000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage，from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.2.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress.A.hisreputationinFrance B.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublication D.hisimportanceinliterature3.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberagreatwriter.B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.【2022·浙江卷·B】BStevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter，includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts（收银台）.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia，includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers’arguments:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis，thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However，longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon’tdispute（质疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.4.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A.Helpincreasegrocerysales. B.Recyclethewastematerial.C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks. D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.5.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?A.Bansonplasticbags. B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headachescausedbygarbage. D.Plasticbagshungintrees.6.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?A.Theyarequiteexpensive. B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags. D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControlV.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。【2022·全国卷III】Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate，joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.1WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.“Iadoredancing,”saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Ican’timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.“Teachingdanceiswonderful.2It’sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it’sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.”3“Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,”saysBridges.“They’relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.4”Sodowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?AndreaHilliersays,“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter.5Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeI’malive.”A.Sowhydowedance?B.DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors，cometoAmerica.D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.E.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI’mextremelytired.F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.G.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.VI.语法填空【2022·全国卷II】A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for1(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,2sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave3(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene4(declare)shehadnoplans5(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid，“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI6(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,7becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks，31-whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness-saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid，“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall8(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas9joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's10(wonder).”答案：treatII.1.Ifso2.fellill;becauseofthe/tecthisface5.prevented/stopped;tellingthetruthIII.1．whichburnt6．keepIV.A【答案】：【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.”可知，那时多半的小说被认为是没头没脑的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。故C项“它们被认为几乎是没有价值的”与原文相符。·A、B、D三项无中生有，文章并未提及A项“那时的英国小说很难理解”、B项“英国小说在富人当中很流行”和D项“它们大多由女性创作”。【2题详解】推理判断题。·根据文章第二段最后一句“RemovinghimfromthepantheonofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。·A、B、C三项无中生有，A项“他在法国的声誉”、B项“他对现代艺术的兴趣”以及C项“他在出版领域的成功”均与题意无关。【3题详解】作者意图题。·文章介绍了查尔斯·狄更斯在英国文学中的地位以及他是如何获此殊荣的，以此来纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大作家。·B、C、D三项以偏概全，B项“介绍一本英国小说”、C项“鼓励研究文化”以及D项“倡导维多利亚时代的价值观”，这些都不是作者写本文的目的。B.【答案】：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主题是“人与自然”，人与自然如何和谐相处？一个小小塑料购物袋的使用就体现了人与自然的相处之道。塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”，在美国加利福尼亚州约有90个城市禁止使用塑料购物袋；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策——用可以重复利用的购物袋，虽然这种购物袋的制作和运输成本高；环保专家认为塑料袋和纸袋都不要用。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“...arehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.”可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处，所以D项“据理支持使用塑料袋”正确。·A、B、C三项无中生有，文章自始至终都没有提及A项“帮助提高食品杂货店的销量”、B项“循环利用废物”以及C项“阻止东西从卡车上掉落”。【5题详解】词义猜测题。画线单词所在句意为“看到这种‘逆风’，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处”。联系上一句“Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesin...”可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据题干信息“可重复使用的购物袋的缺点”可定位到文章第四段倒数第二句“...longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.”，这种长期可重复使用的购物袋的制作需要更多的能源，故选D项。·A、B、C三项无中生有，文章自始至终都没有提及A项“它们非常昂贵”、B项“取代它们非常困难”以及C项“它们不如塑料袋结实”。【7题详解】主旨大意题。·本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策——用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。·其他几项含义：B项“工业、污染和环境”、C项“要么循环利用，要么扔掉”、D项“垃圾收集和废物控制”。V.答案：2.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。跳舞在美国很常见。Bridges是美国爱荷华州的一个舞蹈工作室的老板，在文章中他分析跳舞的好处，解释人们学习舞蹈的原因，表达自己对舞蹈的热爱。【1题详解】解本题可用关联逻辑法。空后的“WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,