2023届山东省枣庄市高三二模英语试题及答案解析

枣庄市2023届高三第二次模拟考试英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheartifacts(文物)aresilentwitnessesofbygoneeras.Itisonlyinamuseumthatyoucanreconnectwiththepast.IfyouarevisitingmuseumsinSydney,thefollowingwillofferyouthebestexperiencesthatreflectonthediversehistoryofAustraliaanditspeople.PowerhouseMuseumIncaseyouarevisitingSydneywithyourfamily,thismuseumoffersoneofthemostexcitingexperiencesinthiscity.Themuseum’sexhibitsaredevotedtodisplayingtechnologiesthathavetransformedourworld.Detailinginnovationsinspacetravel,nuclearscienceandtheworkingsoflight,electricityandgravity,theywillsurelyinterestyourentirefamily,especiallytheyoungones.AustralianNationalMaritimeMuseumAustraliaissurroundedbywater.Gettingsomeinsightsintohowthishugelandrelatestoitssurroundingwatersisquitehelpfulasitisexciting.LearnhowAustraliaanditspeoplehavebeenaffectedbythewaters.GobackinhistoryandlearnabouttheexperiencesofthefirstpeoplebroughttoAustraliaasprisoners.TheSeaJourneysexhibittakescareofthis.AustralianMuseumImaginecomingfacetofacewithtencompletedinosaurskeletonsintheDinosaurexhibit!Asyouwalkthroughthemuseum,youwillcomeacrosstheExploringAustraliaexhibitwhichwilltakeyouthroughstuffedrecreationsofsomeofAustralia'smostdangerousanimalsincludingthenow-extinctTasmanianTiger,tenmostpoisonoussnakesandanumberofcrocodiles.Certainly,thisisamuseumyouwillnotwanttomissouton.MuseumofSydneyHereyouwilllearneverythingabouttherichanddiversehistoryofthiscity.Thedigitalpresentationswillinterestyou.GettheopportunitytoviewahugerangeofartifactsfromSydney'shistory.Thegiftshopinthemuseumgivesyouawiderangeofspecialgiftstochooseforyourlovedones.1.WhatisspecialaboutPowerhouseMuseum?A.It'sespeciallykid-friendly. B.Itsexhibitsarethelatest.C.IttellsAustralia'searlyhistory. D.ItreflectsSydney'slifenearthesea.2.WheredoestheExploringAustraliaexhibittakeplace?A.PowerhouseMuseum. B.MuseumofSydney.C.AustralianMuseum. D.AustralianNationalMaritimeMuseum.3.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthistext?A.Students. B.Tourists. C.Historians. D.Journalists.BAnextremelyraremanuscript(手稿)signedbyEnglishnaturalistCharlesDarwinisexpectedtofetchupto$790,00ataSotheby’sauctionnextmonth.Thedocumentcontainsapassagefromthefamous1859workOntheOriginofSpecies,inwhichDarwinputforthhistheoryofevolution.Thedocumentwasoncethoughttobeadesertedpagefromanearliermanuscriptofthework.Butexpertsnowunderstanditwaswrittenin1865andsenttotheeditoroftheAutographicMirrorwhohadrequestedasignedwritingsamplefromDarwin.“WhilesomeofDarwin'snotesandmanuscriptpageshavesurvivedoverthelasthundredormoreyears,hewasknowntokeeprevisinghispublications,oftenthrowingawaypagesfromworkingdraftsaswastepaper,makingthemextremelyrare,”Sotheby'ssaidinastatement.OntheOriginofSpecieswasvotedthemostinfluentialacademicbookofalltimeinapublicpollheldduringAcademicBookWeekin2015.ThebookoffersDarwin'srevolutionaryideathatspeciesevolveovergenerationsintheprocessofnaturalselection.Darwinbackeduphistheorywithevidencecollectedduringhis1831—1836voyageontheH.MS.Beagle,duringwhichheobservedandcollectedspecimens(标本)fromanumberofspecies.OntheGalapagosIslandsoffthecoastofEcuador,Darwinnotedthatthefinches(鸣雀)ontheislandweresimilartofinchesonthemainland;however,theavailabilityofdifferentfoodsineachareahadledtodifferencesinbeakshapes.ThemanuscriptwillbeplacedondisplayatSotheby'sinNewYorkbetweenNov.30andDec8,andonlinebidswillbeacceptedbetweenNow.25andDec.8.Theauctionhouseestimatesthatthedocumentwillfetchbetween$600,000and$790,000.Theauction,whichistitledAgeofWonder,willalsoincludeafirsteditionofOntheOriginofSpeciesandacopyofscientificpaperbyDarwinandanothernaturalist.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthemanuscript?A.It’sapageofOntheOriginofSpecies. B.It’sadraftofDarwin'sscientificpaper.C.It’sasignedwritingsampletoaneditor. D.It’swastepaperfromDarwin'sstudy.5.WhatmakesDarwin'sOntheOriginofSpeciesthemostinfluentialacademicbook?A.Hismethodsofresearch. B.Hisadventureonthesea.C.Theraremanuscript. D.Histheoryofevolution.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“backedup”meaninParagraph5?A.supported B.explained C.declared D.created7Whatisthepurposeoftheauction?A.Toputthemanuscriptonsale.B.TodisplayDarwin'sworks.C.Tovotethebestacademicbooks.D.Toreleaseanewdiscovery.CAvolunteerteaminSouthAfricaisrescuingpangolinsfromillegaltradeastheanimalsfacegrowingthreatsofextinction.Pangolins,orscalyant-eatersastheyareotherwiseknown,areuniquespeciesfoundinAsiaandAfrica.Theyarecoveredinhardscales(鳞甲).Whentheyfeelthreatenedtheyrollupintoatightballwithonlytheirscalesexposed.Pangolinsarelittlestudiedandlittleunderstoodspecies.However,theyarepoachedandillegallytradedinAsiaandAfrica.TheirmeatisconsideredadelicacyinmanyAsiancountriesandthescalesareusedinexpensiveclothingandhandbags.Butmuchoftheillegaltradeinpangolinsinvolvestheirscales,whicharethoughttofightillnesses.Highdemandfortheirscaleshasresultedinpoachingandillegaltradedespitethefactthatthespeciesisprotected.TheAfricanPangolinWorkingGroupinJohannesburgisavolunteerteamofveterinarians(兽医)andwildlifeexperts.Theytakecareoftheirwounds,feedthemandbringthembacktohealth.NicciWrightheadsthegroup.“Whenwereceivethosepangolinstheyareallveryweak,whethertheyhavebeenwiththepoachersforafewdaysoruptotwoweeks,”Wrightsaid“Theyhavegotwoundsandinjuries,anditisverypitifulandverydifficulttoemotionallydealwiththatkindofsufferingandabuse.”Thegroupisnotjusttreatingpangolins.Theyalsohelppolicetoidentifyandcatchpoachersandtraders,ofteninundercoveroperations.Theyalsoworkonanti-traffickingmeasures.Thelatestprogramistotraindogstosniffoutpangolinsbeinghiddenandtransported.Itisreportedthat97tonsofpangolinscaleswereseizedfromsmugglerswhotriedtotakethemoutofAfricalastyear.Thisamountstoabout150,000poachedanimals.However,it’sonlyabout20percentofthetotalnumber,becausetherestescapedwiththepoachers.“Ifthistrendcontinues,thereisaverylikelyextinctioneventforallspeciesofthepangolin,”Wrightnoted.8.Whyarepangolinsconsidereduniquemammals?A.Theirmeatmakesdeliciousfood.B.Theyhavescalestoprotectthemselves.C.Theyareindangerofdyingout.D.Theyarelittleunderstoodspecies.9.Whatpushesthepoachingandillegaltradeofpangolins?A.FoodshortagesinAfrica.B.Healthbenefitsoftheirmeat.C.Medicinalvalueoftheirscales.D.Thedemandoffashionindustry.10.Whatdothevolunteerteam’seffortsfocuson?A.Catchingthepoachersandillegaltraders.B.Trainingdogstofindthehiddenpangolins.C.Reportinganyillegaltradeorpoaching.D.Treatingandtendingtherescuedpangolins.11.WhatisNicciWright’smajorconcernaccordingtothelastparagraph?APangolins’sufferingandabuse. B.Extinctionofallpangolinspecies.C.Adeclineinpangolinpopulations. D.Theresearchonpangolin’sbehavior.DChemically,therearemanydifferentalcohols.Allofthemarepoisonsforalmostalllivingthings.Afterapersonswallowsadrinkcontainingalcohol,thealcoholisabsorbedrapidlyintothebloodstream.Itisthenslowlyremovedandburnedup,changingentirelyintheprocesstocarbondioxideandwater,mostlybyactionoftheliver.Theeffectsofalcoholonthebodycomefromitseffectonthebrain.Andtheydependupontheamountofalcoholthatbuildsupinthebloodstream.Aswithmanyotherpoisons,asmallamountofalcoholhassomespecialeffects.Insmallamountsitactsasastimulant.Peoplewhoare“uptight”—tenseandnervous—areapttobecomemorerelaxedandtalkative,andseemtolosetheirworries.Forthisreason,somepeopledrinkalittlealcoholafterahardday’swork.Thetroublewithalcoholbeginswithjustalittlemorejust—aslightlyhigheramount—inthebloodstream.Thenitbecomesadepressant.Depressantsmakepeoplesloweratthinkingandsloweratmoving.Butpeopleareapttothinktheyaresmarterandfaster.That’sbad.Youcaneasilyunderstandwhytheyshouldnotbedrivingacar.There’sanotherpartaboutdrinkingtoomuchalcohol,whichisevenworse.Peoplearelikelytoloseself-control.Thentheyarelikelytodrinkevenmore.Thosewhoaredrunkarenotverynicetobearoundandcanbedangerous—tothemselvesandothers.Somepeoplearecompulsivedrinkers.Evenasmallamountofalcohol“setsthemoff,”andtheykeepondrinking.Thesepeoplearecalledalcoholics.TheAmericanMedicalAssociationsaystheyhavethediseaseofalcoholism.Sofar,noonehasfoundacure.Theonlytreatmentforanalcoholicistonevertakeadrinkofalcohol-notevenalittlebit.Thatmaysoundsimple,butforanalcoholicit’snot.12.Whichpartofbodydoesalcoholhavethemosteffectson?A.Thebloodstream. B.Theheart.C.Thebrain. D.Theliver.13.Whydopeopleliketodrinkalcoholafteraday’swork?A.Torelaxthemselves. B.Tomakethemsmarter.C.Tohaveagoodsleep. D.Tobecomebraver.14.Whatdoestheauthor’ssuggestiontoalcoholics?A.Drinknlittlebiteachday. B.Cutdownontheamount.C.Neverdriveafterdrinking. D.Stopdrinkingcompletely.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thebenefitsofalcoholdrinking. B.TheeffectsofalcoholonpeopleC.Thetreatmentsonalcoholism. D.Thecausesofgettingdrunk.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThegradualheatingofEarth'ssurface,oceansandatmosphereisprimarilycausedbyhumanactivity.Weburnfossilfuels,andpumpcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Thesegasesactlikeagreenhouse._____16_____Already,theconsequencesofglobalwarmingaremeasurableandvisible____17____Lakesaroundtheworldarewarmingrapidly-insomecasesfasterthanthesurroundingenvironment.Animalsarechangingmigrationpatterns,andplantsarebuddingtheirleavesearlierinthespringanddroppingthemlaterinthefall.Oneofthemostimmediateandobviousconsequencesofglobalwarmingistheincreaseintemperaturesaroundtheworld.Theaverageglobaltemperaturehasincreasedby0.8℃overthepast100years,accordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.____18____Thatyear,Earth'ssurfacetemperaturewas0.99℃warmerthantheaverageacrosstheentire20thcentury.____19____Wehavemoreunpredictableextremeweather.Theseextremescomeindifferentflavors.Oneeffectcanbecolderthan-normalwinters.ChangesinclimatecancausetheboundarybetweenthecoldNorthPoleairandthewarmequatorialairtomigratesouth.____20____Thisiswhysomeareascanhaveasuddencoldsnaporcolder-than-normalwinter,evenduringthelong-termtrendofglobalwarming.A.Thatwillbringwithitcold,Arcticair.B.Theytrapinheatandcauseglobalwarming.C.Animmediateconsequenceisfreezingweather.D.OurEarthisheatingup,andheatingupquickly.EIceismeltinginbothpolaricecapsandmountainglaciers.F.Since1895,thehottestyearonrecordworldwidewas2016.G.Asglobalaveragetemperaturesgoup,weatherpatternsarechanging.第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。EgyptiantabletennisplayerIbrahimHamadtoudidn’twinamedal,orevenscoreavictory.Buthehasbecomeoneofthemost____21____storiesattheTokyo2020ParalympicGames.Hamadtoulosthis____22____inatrainaccidentwhenhewasjust10yearsold.Butthatdidnot____23____hisloveofsports.Heusedtoplaybothfootballandtabletennis.Aftertheaccident,hefeltlostandstayed____24____athomeforthreeyears.Thenhewentbacktofootball,butfootballwastoo____25____forhim.Withnoarms,hecouldn’tprotecthimselfwhenhefell!Afterseveral____26____,hefoundthathecouldplaytabletenniswithhismouth.Ittookhimnearlyayearof____27____toholdtheracket(球拍)withhismouthandmakethe____28____withhisfeet.HefirstcompetedattheRioParalympics,andwasfinallyabletofulfillhislifelong____29____ofcompetinginParalympics.Helosthisfirsttwomatches,butdid____30____therespectofotherplayerslikeDavidWetherill.“He’salegendintabletennis,”saidWetherill.“IknowIwontodaybutIthinkhehas____31____farmoreskillsthanIhave.InTokyo,helosttoaChineseplayerandaplayerfromSouthKorea,____32____allthecompetitionsathissecondParalympics.However,hehasa(n)____33____fortheworldaboutwhatdisabilityreallymeans,inhiseyes.“Iwanttotelleverybodythatnothingis____34____,andeverybodyshouldworkhardforwhatyouloveandwhatyouthinkisgoodforyourself,”hesaid.“The____35____isnotinarmsorlegs;itisnottosticktowhateveryouwouldliketodo.”21.A.interesting B.inspiring C.depressing D.surprising22.A.parents B.legs C.arms D.friends23.A.reduce B.beat C.lose D.fall24.A.inshape B.heldup C.shutup D.incomfort25.A.intense B.tiring C.noisy D.dangerous26.A.thoughts B.matches C.injuries D.attempts27.A.practice B.failure C.waiting D.challenge28.A.start B.hit C.serve D.ball29.A.chance B.journey C.road D.dream30.A.earn B.pay C.deserve D.give31.A.developed B.adopted C.demonstrated D.extended32.A.abandoning B.ending C.winning D.joining33.A.example B.message C.quote D.lesson34.A.unfortunate B.comfortable C.meaningful D.impossible35A.disability B.pity C.suffering D.belief第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。JacopoDellaRagionewasbornandraisedinFlorence,Italy.While____36____studentofMedievalHistoryatMilanUniversity,healsolearnedgraphicdesignandprinting.In2001,hispassionforChina'straditionalandmodernartbroughthimtoBeijing,andhe____37____(work)thereeversince.InJuly2001,RagionewasinChina____38____Beijingwontherighttohostthe2008OlympicGames.Hewitnessedthishistoricmomentandsharedinthe____39____(happy)oftheChinesepeople.HehasworkedinmanycompaniesinChinaandalsomarriedagirlinBeijing,____40____hasallowedhimtoknowChinabetter.When____41____(talk)abouthowhecarriesouthiswork,Ragionesaidhedesignsthepictureinhismindfirst,andthenfollowstheinstincts(本能)ofhisbody____42____(finish)thejob.“It'sabitlikeChina'scalligraphyandKungFu,whichhasbroughtmemuchinspiration,”hesaid.Ragioneisnowdeeplyattached____43____China.Hehaswitnessedthegreatchangesthathavetakenplacehere:streetshavebecomemorelively,busesaremoreadvanced,andtravelingbysubwayhasbecomemoreconvenient….“IhavevisitedmanycitiesinChina,andBeijingistheoneIlove____44____(much).Ifellinlovewithit_____45_____(gradual).ItalyiswhereIwasborn,andBeijingismyhomenow,”hesaidinfluentChinese.第三部分写作（共两节；满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华。最近，你加入了学校的英语社团(EnglishClub)。请给你的英国笔友Lucy写信介绍情况。内容包括：1.社团介绍；2.社团活动安排；3.个人期待注意：1.词数80左右；2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearLucy,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YourssincerelyLiHua笫二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Oneday,Reuben,a12-year-oldboy,sawsomethinginashopwindowthatsethisheartracing.Theprice—fivedollars—wasbeyondhismeans,buthewentintheshopanyway.Poorlydressed,hewentupandtoldtheshopkeeperwhathewanted,adding,“Idon'thavethemoneyrightnow.Willyoupleaseholditformeforsometime?”“I’lltry,”theshopkeepersmiled.“Folksaroundheredon'tusuallyhavemoneytospendonsuchthings.Itshouldkeepforawhile.”Reubendecidedtoraisethefivedollarsbyhimself.Walkingalongasidestreet,hehadanidea.Peoplebuilttheirownhousesinhistown,usingnailspurchasedinHessiansacks(粗麻袋)fromalocalfactory.Thesacksweresometimesthrownaway.Reubenknewhecouldsellthembacktothefactoryforfivecentsapiece.Everydayafterschool,Reubenwentaroundthetown,collectingnailsacks.Theschoolclosedforthesummer,andhewasstillwanderinginthetown,searchingforhistreasures.Oftenhewastiredandhungry,butthethoughtoftheobjectintheshopwindowkepthimgoing.SometimeshismotherDorawouldask:“Reuben,wherewereyou?Wewerewaitingforyoutohavedinner.”“Playing,Mum.Sorry.”Dorawouldlookathiminhisfaceandshakeherhead.Boys!Onedayinspring,hecountedhiscoinsandfoundheneededtwentycentsmore.Hehadtofindfoursacksandsellthembeforethedayended.Lateintheafternoon,justbeforethebuyerwasabouttocloseup,Reubenarrivedandsoldthefoursacks.Withthecoinsinhishand,hemurmuredathankyouandranaway.注意：1.续写的词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Clutchingthefivedollars,heheadedfortheshop.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Doraopeneditcarefullyandalovelyjewelboxappeared.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案解析第一部分听力（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheartifacts(文物)aresilentwitnessesofbygoneeras.Itisonlyinamuseumthatyoucanreconnectwiththepast.IfyouarevisitingmuseumsinSydney,thefollowingwillofferyouthebestexperiencesthatreflectonthediversehistoryofAustraliaanditspeople.PowerhouseMuseumIncaseyouarevisitingSydneywithyourfamily,thismuseumoffersoneofthemostexcitingexperiencesinthiscity.Themuseum’sexhibitsaredevotedtodisplayingtechnologiesthathavetransformedourworld.Detailinginnovationsinspacetravel,nuclearscienceandtheworkingsoflight,electricityandgravity,theywillsurelyinterestyourentirefamily,especiallytheyoungones.AustralianNationalMaritimeMuseumAustraliaissurroundedbywater.Gettingsomeinsightsintohowthishugelandrelatestoitssurroundingwatersisquitehelpfulasitisexciting.LearnhowAustraliaanditspeoplehavebeenaffectedbythewaters.GobackinhistoryandlearnabouttheexperiencesofthefirstpeoplebroughttoAustraliaasprisoners.TheSeaJourneysexhibittakescareofthis.AustralianMuseumImaginecomingfacetofacewithtencompletedinosaurskeletonsintheDinosaurexhibit!Asyouwalkthroughthemuseum,youwillcomeacrosstheExploringAustraliaexhibitwhichwilltakeyouthroughstuffedrecreationsofsomeofAustralia'smostdangerousanimalsincludingthenow-extinctTasmanianTiger,tenmostpoisonoussnakesandanumberofcrocodiles.Certainly,thisisamuseumyouwillnotwanttomissouton.MuseumofSydneyHereyouwilllearneverythingabouttherichanddiversehistoryofthiscity.Thedigitalpresentationswillinterestyou.GettheopportunitytoviewahugerangeofartifactsfromSydney'shistory.Thegiftshopinthemuseumgivesyouawiderangeofspecialgiftstochooseforyourlovedones.1.WhatisspecialaboutPowerhouseMuseum?A.It'sespeciallykid-friendly. B.Itsexhibitsarethelatest.C.IttellsAustralia'searlyhistory. D.ItreflectsSydney'slifenearthesea.2.WheredoestheExploringAustraliaexhibittakeplace?A.PowerhouseMuseum. B.MuseumofSydney.C.AustralianMuseum. D.AustralianNationalMaritimeMuseum.3.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthistext?A.Students. B.Tourists. C.Historians. D.Journalists.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了悉尼几个值得参观的博物馆。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Detailinginnovationsinspacetravel,nuclearscienceandtheworkingsoflight,electricityandgravity,theywillsurelyinterestyourentirefamily,especiallytheyoungones.(详细介绍太空旅行、核科学以及光、电和重力的工作原理方面的创新，肯定会引起你全家的兴趣，尤其是年轻人。)”可知，PowerhouseMuseum“动力博物馆”尤其会引起年轻人的兴趣，即受小孩子喜欢。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Asyouwalkthroughthemuseum,youwillcomeacrosstheExploringAustraliaexhibitwhichwilltakeyouthroughstuffedrecreationsofsomeofAustralia'smostdangerousanimalsincludingthenow-extinctTasmanianTiger,tenmostpoisonoussnakesandanumberofcrocodiles.(当你穿过博物馆时，你会看到“探索澳大利亚”展览，它将带你参观澳大利亚一些最危险的动物的填充物，包括现已灭绝的塔斯马尼亚虎、十条最毒的蛇和一些鳄鱼。)”可知，AustralianMuseum“澳大利亚博物馆”里有“探索澳大利亚”展览。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“IfyouarevisitingmuseumsinSydney,thefollowingwillofferyouthebestexperiencesthatreflectonthediversehistoryofAustraliaanditspeople.(如果你正在参观悉尼的博物馆，以下将为你提供反映澳大利亚及其人民多样历史的最佳体验。)”可知，这篇文章是写给去悉尼旅行的人的。故选B项。BAnextremelyraremanuscript(手稿)signedbyEnglishnaturalistCharlesDarwinisexpectedtofetchupto$790,00ataSotheby’sauctionnextmonth.Thedocumentcontainsapassagefromthefamous1859workOntheOriginofSpecies,inwhichDarwinputforthhistheoryofevolution.Thedocumentwasoncethoughttobeadesertedpagefromanearliermanuscriptofthework.Butexpertsnowunderstanditwaswrittenin1865andsenttotheeditoroftheAutographicMirrorwhohadrequestedasignedwritingsamplefromDarwin.“WhilesomeofDarwin'snotesandmanuscriptpageshavesurvivedoverthelasthundredormoreyears,hewasknowntokeeprevisinghispublications,oftenthrowingawaypagesfromworkingdraftsaswastepaper,makingthemextremelyrare,”Sotheby'ssaidinastatement.OntheOriginofSpecieswasvotedthemostinfluentialacademicbookofalltimeinapublicpollheldduringAcademicBookWeekin2015.ThebookoffersDarwin'srevolutionaryideathatspeciesevolveovergenerationsintheprocessofnaturalselection.Darwinbackeduphistheorywithevidencecollectedduringhis1831—1836voyageontheH.MS.Beagle,duringwhichheobservedandcollectedspecimens(标本)fromanumberofspecies.OntheGalapagosIslandsoffthecoastofEcuador,Darwinnotedthatthefinches(鸣雀)ontheislandweresimilartofinchesonthemainland;however,theavailabilityofdifferentfoodsineachareahadledtodifferencesinbeakshapes.ThemanuscriptwillbeplacedondisplayatSotheby'sinNewYorkbetweenNov.30andDec8,andonlinebidswillbeacceptedbetweenNow.25andDec.8.Theauctionhouseestimatesthatthedocumentwillfetchbetween$600,000and$790,000.Theauction,whichistitledAgeofWonder,willalsoincludeafirsteditionofOntheOriginofSpeciesandacopyofscientificpaperbyDarwinandanothernaturalist.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthemanuscript?A.It’sapageofOntheOriginofSpecies. B.It’sadraftofDarwin'sscientificpaper.C.It’sasignedwritingsampletoaneditor. D.It’swastepaperfromDarwin'sstudy.5.WhatmakesDarwin'sOntheOriginofSpeciesthemostinfluentialacademicbook?A.Hismethodsofresearch. B.Hisadventureonthesea.C.Theraremanuscript. D.Histheoryofevolution.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“backedup”meaninParagraph5?A.supported B.explained C.declared D.created7.Whatisthepurposeoftheauction?A.Toputthemanuscriptonsale.B.TodisplayDarwin'sworks.C.Tovotethebestacademicbooks.D.Toreleaseanewdiscovery.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.A【解析】【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章介绍了一份由英国博物学家查尔斯·达尔文签名的极其罕见的手稿预计将在下个月的苏富比拍卖会上拍出790000美元。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Butexpertsnowunderstanditwaswrittenin1865andsenttotheeditoroftheAutographicMirrorwhohadrequestedasignedwritingsamplefromDarwin.（但专家们现在知道，这份手稿写于1865年，被寄给了《自传镜》的编辑，他曾向达尔文索要一份签名的写作样本。）”可知，这份手稿是一份给编辑的签名写作样本。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“OntheOriginofSpecieswasvotedthemostinfluentialacademicbookofalltimeinapublicpollheldduringAcademicBookWeekin2015.ThebookoffersDarwin'srevolutionaryideathatspeciesevolveovergenerationsintheprocessofnaturalselection.（在2015年学术图书周期间举行的公众投票中，《物种起源》被评为有史以来最具影响力的学术书籍。这本书提出了达尔文的革命性观点，即物种在自然选择的过程中经过几代人的进化。）”可知，达尔文的进化论使达尔文的《物种起源》成为最有影响力的学术著作。故选D。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段“Darwinbackeduphistheorywithevidencecollectedduringhis1831—1836voyageontheH.MS.Beagle,duringwhichheobservedandcollectedspecimens(标本)fromanumberofspecies.（达尔文在1831-1836年乘坐英国皇家海军贝格尔号航行期间，观察并收集了许多物种的标本，以此来backup他的理论。）”可知，达尔文观察收集物种标本来支持自己的理论。划线词是support的意思。故选A。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Anextremelyraremanuscript(手稿)signedbyEnglishnaturalistCharlesDarwinisexpectedtofetchupto$790,00ataSotheby'sauctionnextmonth.（一份由英国博物学家查尔斯·达尔文签名的极其罕见的手稿预计将在下个月的苏富比拍卖会上拍出790000美元。）”可知，拍卖的目的是将手稿出售。故选A。CAvolunteerteaminSouthAfricaisrescuingpangolinsfromillegaltradeastheanimalsfacegrowingthreatsofextinction.Pangolins,orscalyant-eatersastheyareotherwiseknown,areuniquespeciesfoundinAsiaandAfrica.Theyarecoveredinhardscales(鳞甲).Whentheyfeelthreatenedtheyrollupintoatightballwithonlytheirscalesexposed.Pangolinsarelittlestudiedandlittleunderstoodspecies.However,theyarepoachedandillegallytradedinAsiaandAfrica.TheirmeatisconsideredadelicacyinmanyAsiancountriesandthes