生物化学考试试题及答案

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！2005年生物化学课程期末考试试题部分答案一、单选题（38题,每题1分,共38分）1.硬脂酰CoA经过一次β氧化，其产物通过TCA循环和氧化磷酸化产生P的数目是多少？„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)129(B)146(C)17(D)162.脂肪酸β-氧化和脂肪酸从头合成过程中，脂酰基的载体分别是„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)ACP和肉毒碱(C)CoA和BCCP(B)CoA和ACP(D)柠檬酸和CoA3.脂肪酸的全合成途径具有下列特点，但除——外„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)主要在线粒体内进行(B)利用乙酰CoA作起始化合物(D)利用NADPH作为供氢体(C)需要中间产物丙二酸单酰-CoA4.脂肪酸合成酶复合物释放的终产物通常是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)软脂酸(C)油酸(B)亚油酸(D)油酸5.脂肪酸从头合成所需的还原剂以及提供该还原剂的主要途径是„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)NADPH+H和磷酸戊糖途径(B)NADH+H和三羧酸循环++(C)NADH+H和糖酵解(D)NADH+H和磷酸戊糖途径++6.下列化合物中哪个不是呼吸链的成员？„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（D）(A)CoQ(B)CytC(C)FAD(D)7.下列化合物中，不抑制FADH呼吸链的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）2氰化物抗霉素A(C)鱼藤酮(D)一氧化碳8.下列关于化学渗透学说，哪种叙述不正确？„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)H返回膜内可以推动酶合成(B)电子传递过程中有质子的泵出+(C)线粒体内膜外侧H可以自由返回膜内(D)呼吸链各组分按特定的位置排列在线粒体内膜上+9.解偶联剂会引起下列哪种效应？„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)电子传递停止，合成停止(C)氧不断消耗，合成停止(B)氧不断消耗，P正常合成(D)氧消耗停止，P正常合成10.下列哪种情况下呼吸链中电子传递速度加快？„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(A)(A)下降11.当某酶的底物浓度[S]=4Km时,反应速度v等于„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(B)(A)max(B)0.8Vmax(D)0.5Vmax(C)3/4V(B)升高(C)氧供应充足(D)缺氧max12.同工酶是指„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(B)(A)活性中心中的必需基团相同的一组酶(B)功能相同而酶分子结构不同的一组酶(C)功能和性质都相同的一组酶(D)功能不同而酶分子结构相似的一组酶13.下列属于酶的特征性常数的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(C)(A)pH(B)Tm(C)m(D)Vmax114.下面关于“稳态平衡”的论述哪一个是正确的„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(C)(A)酶与底物的结合与解离的速度相同(B)说明随着底物浓度增加，反应速度不变(D)酶必须被底物饱和(C)ES复合物形成的速度等于ES复合物分解的速度15.下列关于酶的国际单位IU与Kat单位之间关系的叙述正确的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„(D)(A)1Kat=6×10IU(B)1IU=6×10Kat(C)×10Kat(D)×10IU887716.根据Waston-Crik型，每10毫微米B-DNA双螺旋含核苷酸的平均数是„„„„„„„„（）(A)29.4(B)58.8(C)2.94(D)5.8817.tRNA上能够与mRNA互补结合的部位是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)DHU环(B)反密码子环(C)TψC环(D)额外环18.较纯的双链DNA的A/A值是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）260280(A)2.3(B)2.1(C)1.8(D)1.619.参与合成支链淀粉的酶是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（D）(A)-淀粉酶(B)β-淀粉酶(C)R酶(D)Q酶20.真核细胞中编码蛋白质的基因是由（）所转录的„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)RNA聚合酶Ⅰ(B)RNA聚合酶Ⅱ(C)RNA聚合酶Ⅲ(D)Klenow片段21.逆转录酶除了有以RNA为模板生成RNA－DNA杂交分子的功能外，还有下列活性„„„（）(A)DNA聚合酶和RNaseA(C)DNA聚合酶和RNaseH(B)DNA聚合酶和S1核酸酶(D)S1核酸酶和RnaseH22.DNA分子上被依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶特异识别的元件是„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)弱化子(B)操纵子(C)启动子(D)终止子23.关于DNA复制，下列哪项是错误的„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(D)(A)真核细胞DNA有多个复制起始点(C)亲代DNA双链都可作为模板(B)为半保留复制;(D)子代DNA的合成都是连续进行的(E)子代与亲代DNA分子核苷酸序列完全相同24.紫外线照射引起DNA最常见的损伤形式是生成胸腺嘧啶二聚体。在下列关于DNA分子结构这种变化的叙述中，哪项是正确的„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)不会终止DNA复制(B)可由包括连接酶在内的有关酶系统进行修复(D)是由胸腺嘧啶二聚体酶催化生成的(C)可看作是一种移码突变(E)引起相对的核苷酸链上胸腺嘧啶间的共价联结25.关于原核细胞中的mRNA，错误的叙述是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)一个mRNA分子只能指导一种多肽链生成(C)mRNA与核糖体结合才能起作用(D)mRNA极易降解26.在蛋白质合成过程中，参与起始复合物形成的因子是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)IF(B)rep(C)SSB(D)EF-G(E)转肽酶27.在蛋白质合成过程中，氨基酸活化的专一性取决于„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)密码子(B)mRNA(C)核糖体(D)转肽酶(E)氨酰-tRNA合成酶28.真核生物在蛋白质生物合成中的起始氨酰-tRNA是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)亮氨酰-tRNA(B)丙氨酰-tRNA(C)甲硫氨酰-tRNA(D)甲酰甲硫氨酰-tRNA29.在蛋白质合成过程中，催化肽键形成的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)eIF(B)RF(C)转肽酶(D)转氨酶(E)EF-G(B)mRNA通过转录生成30.在蛋白质纯化过程中盐析后脱盐常采用以下方法„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）2(A)离子交换法31.熟肉比生肉好消化是因为熟肉„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)其中的酶活性丧失(B)对蛋白酶敏感性增大(C)发生降解(D)脂肪被分解(B)透析法(C)亲和层析法(D)超速离心32.谷氨酸的pK′(-COOH)为2.19，pK′(-NH)为9.67，pK′(-COOH)为4.25，其pI是„„„„„（）+123R(A)3.22(B)4.25(C)6.96(D)5.9333.下列氨基酸中与茚三酮共热生成黄色化合物的有„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（D）(A)Ala(B)Phe(C)Tyr(D)Pro34.有一混合蛋白样品，含1、2、3、4四种蛋白质，其pI分别为、6.0、6.6和8.3，若将此样品液置于pH7.3的缓冲液中电泳，向阳极移动的有„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（D）(A)1、2、335.下列氨基酸中属于酸性氨基酸的有„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(C)(A)Thr(B)Asn(C)Glu(D)His(B)3、4(C)2、3、4(D)1、436.己糖激酶属于„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(B)(A)氧化还原酶类(B)转移酶类(C)合成酶类(D)裂解酶类37.ACP中含有下列哪种维生素„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(A)(A)泛酸38.需要3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶参与的途径有„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（）(A)EMP途径(B)TCA循环(C)HMP途径(D)乙醛酸循环(B)核黄素(C)叶酸(D)硫胺素二、名词解释（8题,每题2分,共16分）1.限制性内切酶2.糖酵解3.能荷4.电子传递链5.同工酶6.酶的相对专一性7.β-氧化8.DNA变性与复性4题,每题3分,共12分）1.磷酸核酮糖激酶32.异柠檬酸裂解酶3.PEP羧化酶异柠檬酸→琥珀酸+乙醛酸COOH|CH||CH22PEP羧化酶|CO~P|+CO+HOC=O|+HPO2234COOHCOOHPEPOAA4.琥珀酰CoA合成酶四、问答题（4题,每题6分,共24分）1.比较乙醛酸循环和三羧酸循环的相同点和不同点。2.核酸有几类?它们在细胞中的分布和功能如何?3.试述蛋白质各级空间结构及维持各级空间结构的力五、综合、计算题（2题,共10分）1.说明酶的竞争性抑制定义、特点(4)2.甘油氧化分解成CO和HO，需经历哪些代谢途径？途径转折点的主要化合物是什么？(6)22(1)请用中文或代号以简要的示意图形式说明之。(2)计算真核生物细胞中，1分子甘油彻底氧化分解成CO和HO时，细胞质中净生成多少？全过程22净生成多少？(设，呼吸链中NADH的P/O=2.5FADH的P/O=1.5ADP+Pi为消2耗，AMP+PPi为消耗。