2021-2022年山西省临汾市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)

2021-2022年山西省临汾市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Itis,partlyatleast,owingtotheeffectivenessofcigarettegiants'advertisingthatsmokingforeignbrand-namecigaretteshasalmostbecomeafashioninAsia.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Intheir20sand30s,menshouldconsidergettinginvolvedinvarioussportsforbodyflexibility.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Thekindof______Wilcoxpossessedcanonlybenurturedbyyearsoflivingalifeinnature.

4.ExteriorPainting

GettingStarted

Paintingtheexteriorofyourhouseisahugejob.Buttherewardsaregreattoo.Withaminimuminvestmentintoolsandmaterials,you'llsavethousandsofdollars,extendthelifeofyoursidingandincreasethevalueofyourhome.Bestofall,you'llmakeitlooklikenewagain.Whileyoumayspendlessthan$1,000onpaintingtoolsandmaterials,thesamejobdonebyapro(专业人员)couldeasilycost$5,000to$10,000ormore.Thesavingscomeatacost,though.Agoodpaintjobrequirescountlesshoursofcarefulpreparation.Plantodevoteanentiresummertoprepareandpaintevenamedium-sizehouse.

Completingatop-qualityexteriorpaintjobrequiresmorethanpatienceandperseverance.You'llneedasharpeye,asteadyhandandabitofpracticetopaintstraightlines.Inaddition,you'llneedthestrengthtomoveandsetuptallladders,andtheconfidencetoworkfromthemoncethey'reinplace.

Applyingtopcoats(thefinalcoatsofpaint)doesn'trequiremuchequipmentbeyondwhatyou'vealreadyaccumulatedforscrapingandpriming.Werecommendbuyingatleasttwotop-qualitysynthetic-bristlebrushesforapplyingthelatexpaint(乳胶漆):onebrush($15to$20)forlargeareasandabrush($9to$12)fordetailwork.

Forapplyingpainttolargeareasofshingles(屋顶板),stucco(涂饰墙壁的灰泥)orbrick,buyaroller(滚筒).

PaintStoresCanHelpWithColorsandQuantities

Choosingexteriorpaintcolorsthatcomplement(与……相配)thearchitecturaldetailsofyourhouseandfitthecharacterofyourneighborhoodisthefirststeptoagreatpaintjob.Checkoutbookstoresandlibrariesforbooksonthesubject.You'llfindbrochures(小册子)atthepaintstorewithcollectionsofhistoriccolors.Manypaintstoreshavedesignerswhocanhelpyouchoosecolors,oryoucouldhireadesignerorarchitect.

Buyaquart(夸脱)ofeachcoloryou'vechosenandpainttheentirecolorschemeonasmallareaofyourhousebeforecommittingtogallons(大量使用).

Ifyoudon'tliketheresults,changethecolorsandtryagain.

Nexttakeroughmeasurementsofyourhouse,notingthetypeofsurface.Countthedoorsandwindows.Withthisinformation,paintstoreemployeescanhelpyoucalculatetheamountofpaintyou'llneed.

Buythebestpaintyoucanafford.Good-qualitypaintiseasiertoapply,coversbetterandlastslonger.Werecommendbuyingpaintwithaslightsheen,eithersatinoreggshell.It'smorefaderesistant(不易退色)andeasiertocleanthanflatpaint.

ChecktheWeather

Avoidpaintingindirectsunlight.Theheatdriesthepainttoofast,makingitnearlyimpossibletoavoidblistering(起泡)andpeeling(剥落).

Avoidpaintingonverywindydays.Thewindcausesthepainttodrytoofastandcanblowdirtintowetpaint.

Don'tapplylatexpaintwhenthetemperatureisbelow50degrees℉unlessit'sformulatedforcold-weatherapplication.Readthelabeltobesure.

Don'tpaintwhenthere'sachanceofrain.

PlanaStrategyfortheMostEfficiency

Ingeneral,workfromthetopdown.Paintlargeareasfirstanddetailslast.Wheretwocolorsmeet,allowtimeforthefirstcolortodrybeforereturningtoapplythesecondcolor.Forexample,paintthewindowsash(themovablepart)earlyinthedayandreturntopainttheframe.aroundthesash.

AvoidTheseCommonProblems

Brushmarksleftatthebeginningandendofabrushstrokeareacommonproblemthat'seasytoavoid.Starteverybrushstrokeinanunfinishedarea,atanedge,oragainstdoororwindowtrim.Thenbrushtowardthefinishedareaandsweepthebrushupandofftheworkinthesamemovement.Ifyoustopthebrushandthenliftitofforsetthebrushdownonafinishedareatostartthestroke,itwillleaveextrapain

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Organicfoodisnotnecessarilybetterthanconventionalfoodintermsofnutrition,safetyortaste.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

In1992,employmentinthemanufacturingsectionwas______.

7.Whatdowelearnabouttheboundariesofchoiceblindness?

A.Theboundariesareimpossibletobemarked.

B.Itoccursonlywhendecisionsarenotimportant.

C.Itcouldhappeneveninthesignificantevents.

D.Brideswon'thavechoiceblindnessintheweddings.

8.

AccordingtotheCollegeBoard,studentscanprepareforSATby

9.

JaffepointsoutthattheeffectofAIDSon______societyisevengreaterthanthenumbersofdeath.

10.

WithmajorinternationalchainslikeCarrefourandWal-martexpandingaggressivelyinChina,Chineseretailersandgovernmentofficialsare______aboutthegrowingforeigncompetition.

11.

ForlocalpeopleinNorthWales,manyofthemconsiderEnglishaforeignlanguageandtheirmotherlanguageis______.

12.

AccordingtoJoelAchenbach,whiledreaming,ourbrainsexperience______.

13.

Inthe17th,France'snationallibrarywasfoundedinParis.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Whenstudentsfirstbecomeawareofthefactthattheyaresubvocalizing,theyoftentrytostopitbysheer______.

15.

It'snecessarytoseekadvicefromaqualifiedlawyerinallofdivorcecases.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

FACESbringstogetherstudentsbothfromChinaandStanfordtogetherinAmericaeveryyear.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Wecanlearnfromthetextthatmanynewlymarriedpeople______payforwhattheyneed.

18.

Nearlyallthefamiliescanmanagetomeetthesoaringtuitioncoststhroughvariousinvestmentplans.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.eBay

eBayisaglobalphenomenon-theworld'slargestgaragesale,onlineshoppingcenter,eardealerandauctionsitewith147millionregisteredusersin30countriesasofMarch2005.Youcanfindeverythingfromencyclopediastoolivestosnowbootstostereostoairplanesforsale.AndifyoustumbleonitbeforetheeBayoverseersdo,youmightevenfindahumankidneyoravirtualdate.

eBayBasics

eBayis,firstandforemost,anonlineauctionsite.YoucanbrowsethroughcategorieslikeAntiques,Boats,Clothing&Accessories,Computers&Networking,Jewelry&WatchesandVideoGames.Whenyouseesomethingyoulike,youclickontheauctiontitleandviewthedetails,includingpictures,descriptions,paymentoptionsandshippinginformation.

Ifyouplaceabidonanitem,youenteracontractualagreementtobuyitifyouwintheauction.Allauctionshaveminimumstartingbids,andsomehaveareserveprice-asecretminimumamounttheselleriswillingtoacceptfortheitem.Ifthebiddingdoesn'treachthereserveprice,thesellerdoesn'thavetopartwiththeitem.Inadditiontoauctions,youcanfindtonsoffixed-priceitemsoneBaythatmakeshoppingtherejustlikeshoppingatanyotheronlinemarketplace.Youseewhatyoulike,youbuyit,youpayforitandyouwaitforittoarriveatyourdoor.

YoucanpayforanitemoneBayusingavarietyofmethods,includingmoneyorder,cashier'scheck,cash,personalcheckandelectronicpaymentserviceslikePayPalandBidPay.It'suptoeachsellertodecidewhichpaymentmethodshe'llaccept.

JustasyoucanbuyalmostanythingoneBay,youcansellalmostanything,too.Usingasimplelistingprocess,youcanputallofthejunkinyourbasementupforsaletothehighestbidder.WhenyousellanitemoneBay,youpaylistingfeesandturnoverapercentageofthefinalsalepricetoeBay.

Onceyouregister(forfree)witheBay,youcanaccessallofyoureBaybuyingandsellingactivitiesinasinglelocationcalled"MyeBay."

eBayInfrastructure

Aseriesofservicedisruptionsin1999causedrealproblemsforeBay'sbusiness.Overthecourseofthreedays,overloadedserversintermittentlyshutdown,meaninguserscouldn'tcheckauctions,placebidsorcompletetransactionsduringthatperiod.Buyers,sellersandeBaywere,veryunhappy,andacompleterestructuringofeBay'stechnologicalarchitecturefollowed.

In1999,eBaywasonemassivedatabaseserverandafewseparatesystemsrunningthesearchfunction.In2005,eBayisabout200databaseserversand20searchservers.

Thearchitectureisatypeofgridcomputingthatallowsforbotherrorcorrectionandgrowth.Withtheexceptionofthesearchfunction,everythingabouteBaycanactuallyrunonapproximately50servers-Webservers,applicationserversanddata-storagesystems.Eachserverhasbetween6and12microprocessors.These50orsoserversrunseparately,buttheytalktoeachother,soeverybodyknowsifthereisaproblemsomewhere,eBaycansimplyaddserverstothegridastheneedarises.

Whilethemajorityofthesitecanrunon50servers,eBayhasfourtimesthat.The200serversarehousedinsetsof50infourlocations,allintheUnitedStates.Whenyou'reusingeBay,youmaybetalkingtoanyoneofthoselocationsatanytime--theyallstorethesamedata.Ifoneofthesystemscrashes,therearethreeotherstopickuptheslack.

Whenyou'reontheeBayWebsiteandyouclickonalistingforaPersianrug,yourcom-putertalkstoWebservers,whichtalktoapplicationservers,whichpulldatafromstorageserverssoyoucanfindoutwhatthelatestbidpriceisandhowmuchtimeisleftintheauction,eBayhaslocalpartnersinmanycountrieswhodeli

A.Virtualdates.

B.Anyover-pricedproducts.

C.Pricelessantiques.

D.Rareanimalsforpets.

20.

Theauthorthinksuchtaglineas"Steaksauceonlyacowcouldhate"conveysanegativefeelinghardy______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(32)

A.Itshowsitaimstodevelopthebusinessvalueofspacevehicle.

B.ItshowsagoodcooperationwithRussia.

C.Itshowsitfeelsliketosendtouriststothespace.

D.Itshowsareform.inNASA.

22.听力原文：W:Iwanttoregisterforthismathematicscourse.

M:I'msorryregistrationhasclosed.

W:Closed?TheclerktoldmeIcouldcomebackandregisteranytimeduringthefirstweekofclasses.

M:Well,that'snotpossible.Thecomputer'sofficialstudentaccounthasalreadybeensenttothestate.Andthat'swhatourbudgetisbasedon.Whotoldyouthatanyway?.

W:SomewomanherewhenItriedtoregisterthreeweeksago.ShesaidIjusthadtopayalatefee.

M:Shemusthavebeenatemporaryworker.Theydon'thavemuchtraining.Whydidn'tyouregisterthen'?

W:SheMidIcouldn'tuntilIhadmybathcertificate.Hereitis.

M:Yourbirthcertificate?

W:Well,I'manewpart-timestudent.Sosheaskedforidentification.Idon'tdrivesoIdon'thaveadriver'slicense.

M:Huh.That'snoreasontodemandabirthcertificate.Weonlyneedtoestablishresidency:Aphonebillwithyournameandaddressonitwould'vebeenfine.

W:Really'?Onlyproofofmyaddress?

M:Yes.I'mafraidshegaveyouthewronginformation.Stillyou'llhavetowaitandtakeyourmathsclassnextsemester.

W:Butthat'snotfair;

M:Well,Isympathizewithyourproblem,butfrankly,Idon'tthinkthereisanythinganyonecandoforyou.Youweretrappedinthesystem.Ifyouwantto,youcantalktothedirector.Shewillhelpyouifshecan.

W:Great.

M:Don'tgetyourhopesup.

(20)

A.Shedoesn'twanttopaythelatefee.

B.Shewasgivenincorrectinformation.

C.Shecan'taffordtopayhertuition.

D.Shedidn'tpasshermathematicsclasslastsemester.

23.(13)

A.Hehaseditedthreebooks.

B.Hehasbroughtthewrongbook.

C.Hehaslosthalfofhismoney.

D.Hehasfoundthebookthatwillbeused.

24.

【B7】

25.(28)

A.Britishhusbands.

B.Italianhusbands.

C.Danishhusbands.

D.BothAandC.

26.听力原文：M:CouldIborrowyournotesfromDr.Swanson'sclasstoday?Iaccidentallyoverslept.

W:Uh...Iwasgoingtoaskyouthesamething.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoman?

(19)

A.Sheandthemanareindifferentclasses.

B.Sheintendedtolendthemanhernotes.

C.Shedidn'tattendclasstoday.

D.Shecan'tfindhernoteseither.

27.听力原文：W:Therainisgoingtocontinuetilltomorrow.Iwantedtotakeyoutoseethepark,butit'stoowetforthat,andit'sobviouswecan'twalkaroundtovisitthesitesthatyousuggested,Jack,toobad.

M:Yes,it'sashame.

Q:What'stheman'spurposeinvisiting?

(14)

A.Takeacourse.

B.Seethecity.

C.Gotothepark.

D.Takearest.

28.(26)

A.Itwasgonecompletely.

B.ItstayedWhereitwasbeforetheearthquake.

C.Itmovedtoanotherplaceandcollapsedtotally.

D.Itkeptstandingtherethoughmoved.

29.听力原文：W:ProfessorSmithsaidthatIcouldfindthebookrelevanttomymajorontheshelvesinthissection.ButIcouldnotevenfigureoutanythingsimilar.

M:Maybethebookhasbeenborrowedfromhere.Now,pleaselookitupinthecomputer.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

(18)

A.Atthelibrary.

B.Attheairport.

C.Atthepostoffice.

D.Attheteacher'soffice.

30.(25)

A.Hehasafeelingofinsecurity.

B.Heismissinghisfamily.

C.Helacksself-confidence.

D.Hefeelsill.

31.

【B8】

32.(35)

A.Ithelpsmanufacturersselltheirproductstomillionsofpeople.

B.Itbringsthetheaterandotherculturaleventsintothehome.

C.Itcanchangethewaypeoplethink,speakanddress.

D.Itallowsmedicalstudentstogetclose-upviewsofoperations.

33.(46)

34.(24)

A.Exposingoneselftothetargetculture.

B.Attendingregularlyagoodlanguageprogram.

C.Comingupwithastudyplan.

D.Developinggoodnote-takingskills.

35.(29)

A.Becauseshewasarrestedandimprisoned.

B.Becauseawhitemobattackedtheschool.

C.Becauseshewasafraidthatthestudentswouldbekilledorbadlyinjured.

D.Becausealawwaspassedmakingitillegaltoprovideafreeeducationforblackstudents.

36.听力原文：It'scommonknowledgethatmusiccanhaveapowerfuleffectonouremotions.Infact,sincethe1930s,musictherapistshavereliedonmusictocalmpatientsandhelpcontrolpain.Nowpsychologistsareconfirmingthatmusiccanalsohelprelievedepressionandimproveconcentration.Forinstance,inarecentstudy,50surgeonsweregivensomehigh-stressedmathproblemstosolve.Theyweredividedintothreegroups:oneworkedinsilence,andinanother,thesurgeonslistenedtomusicoftheirchoiceonheadphones;thethirdgrouplistenedtoclassicalmusicchosenbytheresearchers.Theresultsofthestudymaysurpriseyou.Thedoctorswhogottochoosetheirownmusicexperiencedlessstressandscoredbetterthantheothers.OnepossibleexplanationisthatlisteningtothemusicyoulikestimulatesAlfawavesinthebrain,increasesheartrateandexpandsbreathing.Thathelpstoreducestressandsharpenconcentration.Otherresearchsuggestsasecondrelationshipbetweenmusicandthebrain:Byexaminingthebloodofstudentsaftertheylistenedtoavarietyofclassicalmusicselections,researchersfoundthatsomestudentsshowedalargeincreaseinendorphin,anaturalpainreliever.Thissupportswhatmusictherapistshaveknownforyears:Musiccanhelprevitalizeorcalmthepatient.Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．

(33)

A.Traininggiventomusictherapists.

B.Howmusicpreventsdisease.

C.Studiesonthebenefitsofmusic.

D.Howmusicianscreatemusic.

37.(17)

A.Customerandsalesperson.

B.Teacherandstudent.

C.Bossandsecretary.

D.Guestandwaitress.

38.(36)

A.Professionalknowledgeisadecisivefactorinajobinterview.

B.Findingajobismoredifficultthanonecanimagine.

C.Self-confidenceismostimportantforajobhunter.

D.Ajobseekershouldcreateagoodimageduringaninterview.

39.听力原文：M:HowdidyoulikeourAmericanHistoryclassyesterday?

W:WellIdidenjoyit,butIdidn'texactlybuyeverythingBarnumsaideither.

M:Youmeanhisviewthattheearlyframersoftheconstitutionreallydidn'twantdemocracyasweknowittoday?

W:Well"asweknowittoday"Icanaccept.Butwhenhestatesthattherewasnoaffinitytowardsdemocracyasitwasunderstoodthenwell...tomethisjustsoundslikehistoricalrevisionism.

M:Well,surelyyouhavetoadmitthattheirconceptofdemocracywasnot"democratic".

Afterall,manygroupsincludingthosewithoutland,women,blacksandmanyotherswereshutoutofparticipatinginthenewsystem.

W:Yes,butwhenwelookatwhatwecalldemocracytodaytherearestillgroupsshutoutofbeingabletovoteinAmerica,suchaschildrenandconvictedpeople.Also,Ithinkitisfairtosaythatmanygroupsfinditstillverydifficulttoparticipate.Sowedon'thavecompletedemocracyeventoday.

M:Yes,butIthinkheisbasinghisargumentsonthefactualtranscriptsoftheearlyFoundingFathersrealizingthattheydidn'tliketousetheterm"democracy"andsomeevenheapedscornonit.

W:Perhapsitwasjustthatthetermhadadifferentmeaningfromthewayitisusedtoday.

M:ButIthinkitisfairtosaythatdemocracywasn'texactlyinfashion.Andperhapsitisworthwhiletodrawadistinctionbetweenlibertyanddemocracy,sincetherelationshipbetweenthetwoissomewhatblurry.

W:ButifyouaretosaythatAmericawasnotademocracyinthebeginningthenyoumightaswellsay,itisnotOnetodayeitherbecausethestructuresoffederalism,3branchgovernmentandchecksandbalancesarebasicallythesameasitwasover200yearsago.

M:Youhaveapointthere,mostoftheconstitutionremainsintact,anddespitethefactthatAmericaismuchclosertoatruedemocracythanitwaseven50yearsago,it'sstillafairwayfrombeingideal.

W:Rightandifyouapplythedemocracytoanidealyouwillgetnowhere.IwishBarnumwaslisteningtousrightnow.

M:Well,here'syourchancetochallengehimrightnow.Iseehimcomingourway.

W:Areyoujoking?IstillneedtogetadecentmarkinthiscourseandI'mnotdoingitbymakinghimangry.

(23)

A.Shelovedit.

B.Shedisagreedwithtoomuchofittoenjoy.

C.Shethoughtitwasjustsoso.

D.ShelikedtheclassbutdisagreedwiththeProfessor.

40.(31)

A.Becausehehimselfchosetobesingleallhislife.

B.Becausehehadaprejudiceagainstwomen.

C.Becausehecouldnotbeartheromanbetweencouples.

D.Becausesinglemenwerebettersoldierscomparedwithmarriedones.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Inareaswhereavalanchesareknowntohappen______.

A.localresidentsstayindoorswhentheweatherisbad

B.measuresaretakentopreventseriousavalanches

C.smallavalanchescaneasilybeprevented

D.skiersform.themselvesintoawalltokeepthesnowinposition

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

JosephWeizenbaum,professorofcomputerscienceatMIT,thinksthatthesenseofpoweroverthemachineultimatelycorruptsthecomputerhackerandmakeshimintoanotverydesirablesortofprogrammer.Thehackersaresoinvolvedwithdesigningtheirprogram,makingitmoreandmorecomplexandbendingittotheirwill,thattheydon'tbothertryingtomakeitunderstandabletootherusers.Theyrarelykeeprecordsoftheirprogramsforthebenefitofothers,andtheytakerarelytimetounderstandwhyaproblemoccurred.

Computerscienceteacherssaytheycanusuallypickouttheprospectivehackersintheircoursesbecausethesestudentsmaketheirhomeworkassignmentsmorecomplexthantheyneedtobe.Ratherthanusingthesimplestandmostdirectmethod,theytakejoyinaddingextrastepsjusttoprovetheiringenuity.

Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tabouttheshapeofthingstocome."Thathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairat-MITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos."AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany."

Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.If,asmanypsychiatristssay,playisreallythebasisforallhumanactivity,thenthehackergamesarereallythepreparationforfuturedevelopments.

SherryTurkle,aprofessorofsociologyatMIT,hasforyearsbeenstudyingthewaycomputersfitintopeople'slives.Shepointsoutthatthecomputer,becauseitseemstoustobeso"intelligent,"so"capable,"so"human,"affectsthewaywethinkaboutourselvesandourideasaboutwhatweare.Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren'seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.

"Theyoungsterscanform.asmanysubtlenuancesandtexturedrelationshipswiththecomputersastheycanwithpeople,"Turklepointsout.

Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

43.Ifitfindssomeemployeetransmittingsensitiveinformation,VericeptProtectwill______.

44.(59)

45.

Whatdoestheword"hotchpotch"mean?

46.

AccordingtothepassageB'scharacteristicissuggestedtobe______.

47.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Toseekfortruelove,onemustberealistic.

B.Aslongasweareemotionallymature,wecanalwaysenjoythehighoffallinginlove.

C.Lovedoesn'tdieevenifwemakewrongattemptstocontrolourpartners.

D.Themoreoneisloved,thelesssatisfiedheorshefeels.

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Thousandsofteachersattheelementary,secondary,andcollegelevelscantestifythattheirstudents'writingexhibitsatendencytowardasuperficialitythatwasn'tseen,say10or15yearsago.Itshowsupnotonlyintheirlackofanalyticalskills,butinpoorcommandofgrammarandrhetoric.I'vebeenaskedbyagraduatestudentwhatasemicolonis.ThemechanicsoftheEnglishlanguagehavebeentorturedtopiecesbyTV.Visual,movingimageswhicharethevenueoftelevisioncan'tbeheldinthenetofcarefullanguage.Theywanttobreakout.Theyreallyhavenothingtodowithlanguage,grammar,andrhetoric,andtheyhavebecomefractured.

Recentsurveysbydozensoforganizationsalsosuggestthatupto40%oftheAmericanpublicisfunctionallyilliterate.Thatis,ourcitizens'readingandwritingabilities,iftheyhaveany,areimpairedsoseriouslyastorenderthem,inthathandyjargonofourtimes,dysfunctional.ThereadingistaughtTVteachespeoplenottoread.Itrendersthemincapableofengaginginanactivitythatnowisperceivedasstrenuous,becauseitisnotapassivehypnotizedstate.

Passiveasitis,televisionhasinvadedourculturesocompletelythatthemedium'seffectsareevidentineveryquarter,eventheliteraryworld.Itshowsupinsupermarketpaperbacks,fromStephenKing(whohasacertaincleverskill)topulpfiction.ThesereallyareformsofverbalTV-literaturethatissosuperficialthatthosewhoreaditcanrevelinthesamesensationstheyexperiencewhenwatchingtelevision.

Evenmoreimportantly,thegrowinginfluenceoftelevision,Kernansays,haschangedpeople'shabitsandvaluesandaffectedtheirassumptionsabouttheworld.Thesortofreflective,critical,andvalue-ladenthinkingencouragedbybookshasbeenrenderedobsolete.Inthiscontext,wewoulddowelltorecalltheCyclopstheraceofgiantsthat,accordingtoGreekmyth,predatedman.

Quiteliterally,TVaffectsthewaypeoplethink.InFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevision,JerryManderquotesfromtheEmeryReport,preparedbytheCentreforContinuingEducationattheAustralianNationalUniversity,Canberra,that,whenwewatchtelevision,"ourusualprocessesofthinkinganddiscernmentaresemifunctionalatbest."Thestudyalsoarguesthat,"whiletelevisionappearstohavethepotentialtoprovideusefulinformationtoviewersandiscelebratedforitseducationalfunctionthetechnologyoftelevisionandtheinherentnatureoftheviewingexperienceactuallyinhibitlearningasweusuallythinkofit."

Whatreflectthetendencyofstudents'writingtobesuperficial?

49.ThehomeserviceindustryinBeijingisexpectedtobecomemoreattractivebothasajobandasanindustry.

SourcesattheBeijingPeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConferencesaidresistancetohomeserviceworkismeltingawayfrommindsofthecity'slaid-offworkers.

TheConferencesuggestedtheestablishmentofmunicipalcenterswhichsupervisepropertymanagement,householdmendingandinstallation,andhousekeepingservices.

Modemcitylifeiscreatinganeedforindustrializationhomeservices.Thiswillcreatejobopportunitiesforlaid-offworkers,saidvicedirectoroftheSocialJudicialCommitteeoftheConference.

Beijingresidentshavelongdesiredahomeserviceindustry.Thedemandisexpectedtodriveneweconomicgrowth.TherearefewhighqualityhomehelpservicesinBeijingandcustomersarealwayscomplaining.

Inthepast,fewlaid-offworkersinBeijingdesiredtoworkashomehelpers,jobslargelytakenbyyoungwomenfromthecountryside.Atthesametime,somecityresidentshavenotfeltsafetrustingruralgirlswithmodernhouseholdmachinesorwiththeirsmallchildren.Manypeoplewouldpaymoreforreliablehousekeeperswhoaremorefamiliarwithcitylife,buttheyhavehadnowayofgettingone,eventhoughthecityishometothousandsoflaid-offworkers.

BytheendofJunethisyear,therewere30,600joblessworkersinthecity.Mostofthemarewomenintheir40's,whoarenotblessedwithparticularskillsandwhohavehadtheirworkethicsshapedbytheplannedeconomy.Manyofthemwereatalosswhentheyfirstrealizedtheyhadlosttheirjobsandawayoflifetheyhadgotusedtofordecades.

Theyneverimaginedbeinglaid-offbystate-ownedenterprises;theyneverconsideredotherkindsofemployment.Forthem,theprivatesectormeanttakingrisks;housekeepingimpliedlowersocialstatus.GaoYunfang,44,isapioneerwhoisbreakingtheice.ShesellstheBeijingMorningPostinthemorning,andworksattwohouseholdsintheafternoon.Sheearns1,000yuanpermonth.Soshenolongerworriesaboutherdaughter'stuitionatauniversityinShanghai.

What