1月大学英语四级试题

20XX年1月大学英语四级试题6翻译第一篇：20XX年1月大学英语四级试题6翻译20XX年1月大学英语四级翻译试题PartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesonAnswerSheet2bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems______________(他们至今还没有答案)88.______________________(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.89.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou_____________________________________________(以防天气变冷)90.Throughttheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand__________________________(决定自己创业)91.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknown___________________________________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)【答案】87.(that/which)theyhaven'tfoundsolutionto88.Whatmostparentsconcern89.incaseit(should)turncold.90.decidedtolaunchtheirownenterprise91.untiladoctordiscovereditbychance.第二篇：大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案Test11.Thesoldier_______________________________(被指控逃跑)whentheenemyattacked.2.Hadheworkedharder,____________________________________(他就会通过考试).3.IntheU.S.,88%ofsmokershadstartedbeforetheywere18,___________________________________________(尽管他们知道贩卖香烟是违法的)toanyoneunderthatage.4.Annneverdreamsof_________________________________(有机会把她送出国)verysoon.5._______________________________(考虑到所有的情况),theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.Test21.Americanseat_____________________________(两倍的蛋白质)theyactuallyneedeveryday.2.Whathesaidjustnow___________________________________(与正在讨论的问题没什么关系).3.Floodscause___________________________________(上亿美元的财产损失)annually.4.Manypersonnelmanagersayitisgettingharderandharderto______________________________________________________（区分诚实的和不诚实的求职者）.5.Weagreedtoaccept_______________________________________(任何一个他们认为是最好的导游).Test31._______________________________(直到天黑她才发现)itwastoolatetogohome.2.Itisessentialthat_________________________________(这些申请表被送回)asearlyaspossible.3.Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist_____________________________________________________(确信客人们已经正确的登记).4.Inrecentyears________________________________________________________(工作重点大多被放置在)developingthestudents’productiveskills.5.Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembersinformedof__________________________________________(协商进行得怎样了).Test41.Eatingtoomuchfatcan__________________________________(导致心脏病和高血压).2.Notuntilthegamehadbegun___________________________________(他到达运动场).3.Sometimeschildrenhavetrouble___________________________________(把现实和小说故事分开)andmaybelievethatsuchthingsactuallyexist.14.Themotherdidn’tknow___________________________________(谁应该因打破玻璃而受责备).5.Theleaderoftheexpedition___________________________________(鼓励每个人都以他为榜样).Test51.Readingbetweenthelines,IwouldsaythattheGovernment_______________________________________________(与其说允许不如说有更多的担心).2.Theirproductsarefrequently_________________________________(价格高质量次).3.Toourrelief,Geoffrey'sillnessproved_________________________________(没有我们担心的那样严重).4.____________________________________________(她把所有的精力都放在孩子们身上)andsheseemstohavelittletimeforanythingelse.5.Thecarelessmanreceivedaticketforspeeding.He____________________________(不必开车开得那么快).Test61.IfIhadworkedharderatschool,I______________________________________(可能正坐在舒适的办公室里).2.Theshopassistantwasdismissedas_____________________________________(她被指控欺骗顾客).3.Thepolicearetryingto________________________________________(查明那位女士的身份)killedinthetrafficaccident.4.Owingto___________________________________________(航空公司之间的激烈竞争),travelexpenseshavebeenreducedconsiderably.5.Colorandsexarenotrelevant_________________________________________(一个人是否适合这份工作).Test71.Butforthestorm,theship_________________________________________(可能会准时到达目的地).2.Wecanacceptyourorderonconditionthat__________________________________(提前支付).3.InIndiamorethanonehundredlanguagesarespoken,____________________________________________________________(其中只有14种被认定是官方语言).4.ItistooearlytosaywhetherIBM’scompetitorswillbeableto__________________________________________________(他们的产品适应于新的软件)atanaffordablecost.5.WhenIgooutintheevening___________________________________(我宁愿骑自行车而不开车)ifIcan.Test81.Inorderto____________________________________(为人们提供便利),thedepartmentisplanningtosetupsomemobileshopsintheresidentialarea.2.Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdorms________________________________________(可能较少染上吸烟的习惯).3.Hisbusinesswasverysuccessful,butitwas___________________________________________________(以牺牲他的家庭生活为代价的).4.Only__________________________________________(那些能够承担经济损失的人)shouldmakehigh-riskinvestments.5.Itisobviousthatthisnewrule__________________________________________(绝无例外的适应于任何人).Test9Companies_________________________________________________(正致力于寻求供求平衡),butitisnoeasytask.Johncannotaffordtogotouniversity,__________________________(更不用说是出国).Dr.Smith__________________________________________(总是关心贫穷的和患病的人们),oftenprovidingthemwithfreemedicalcare.Afterworkingallday,he_____________________________________(太累而没有心情)gotothepartywithus.Animportantfactor______________________________________(决定你考试的表现)isthestateofyourmind.Test101._________________________________(通过体育锻炼),wecanalwaysstayhealthy.2.Wewishtoconveytoyou_______________________________(我们衷心的祝贺).3.Inthisway,Ibelievethatallthepeoplemaybeableto___________________________（像我一样享受乘坐公车的乐趣）.4.________________________________（我们确定搞两个开放）：namely,toopenupbothexternallyandinternally.5.AdoghaswonaGermangovernmentaward________________（因协助警方劝阻一名妇女自杀）.Test.（这个计划成功的关键）________________________________isgoodplanning.Isuggestedhe_____________________________（使自己适应）hisnewconditions.Idon’tmindyou_______________(延期做出决定)thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.Becauseofadvancesinthemedicaltechnology,heartsurgeryisnot______________________________(像以前那么危险).5.____________________(你说的我大部分同意),butIcannotgoallthewaywithyou.Test121.Itisrecommendedthat____________________(工程不动工)untilallpreparationshavebeenmade.2.Accordingtothescientificresearch,_____________(听音乐能使我们放松).Isthisreallytrue?3.__________________(无论从哪一方面考虑)，theyoughttobegivenanotherchance.4.Bypracticingthese,Ihavebeenableto_______________________________(在智育方面我一直能不断进步）.5.______________________（不用说）thathe’sbeentherebefore.Test.5.Theyknewherverywell.___________________________(他们看着她长大).______________________(而不是让蔬菜烂掉),hesoldthemathalfprice._______________________(我们绝对不能)ignorethevalueofknowledge.________________________(随着时间的流逝),.theyforgottheirbittersufferings.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,fourmillionpeople____________________（死于与吸烟有关的疾病）eachyear.Test141.__________________（真想不到）thathehaddoneathinglikethat.2._________________（这栋房子需要现代化）：ithasnobathroomorelectricity.3.Theship'sgeneratorbrokedownandthepumps____________________（不得不用手工操作）insteadofmechanically.4.Ifyouwon'tagreetoourplan,_____________________（他们也不会同意）.5.Butforhishelp,I___________________(不可能这么早完成).Test151.Onlyoneweeklater,Mr.Smithcametorealize___________________________(不是我就是他错了).2.Iftapwaterwasasdangerousassomepeoplethink,____________________________(那我们中更多人将得病).3.______________________(这个陌生人占这位年轻姑娘的便宜)andcheatedheroutoffivedollars.4.Asisknowntoall,_________________(假冒伪劣商品)harmtheinterestsofconsumers.5.Wemust_______________(使自己适应)thedemandsofourtimes;otherwisewe'llfallbehindtheotherindustrializednationsoftheworld.Test.________________________（没有一项发明获得如此多的表扬和批评）thanInternet.PremierZhou____________________________（一心想着人民的利益）.__________________________（飞机什么时候起飞）hasnotbeenannounced.Thepriceofbeer______________________(从50美分到4美元不等)perliterduringthesummerseason..5.Hisremarksleftme____________________________（想知道他的真实目的）.Test.5.Sheneverdreamsof___________________(被派到国外).WhentheWorldWarTwowasover,Britain__________________(释放了大部分的战俘)._______________________(考虑到所有问题),theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.______________________(事实既然如此),therearenogroundstojustifyyourcomplaints.Facedwithfailure,somepeoplecanstanduptoit,_____________(从失败中汲取教训)andtryhardtofulfillwhattheyaredeterminedtodo.Test181.Thenumberofthestudentsinthecityhas___________________(增加了五倍)incomparisonwith20XX.2.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplearebeginningtorealize______________（教育不能随着毕业而结束）.3.___________________（她非常不情愿地）thatsheagreedtohelp.4.Hisideais_______________________（应该立即执行计划）5.Iprefertocommunicatewithmycustomers________________________（通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）Test191.Ifyouhad_____________________（听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦）2.Thisleaflettellsyou_______________________(怎么在旅行期间防止生病).3.WhenIrefusedtomovemycar,he______________________(勃然大怒)andthreatenedtocallthepolice.4.Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgroundsonwhich______________________(来支撑他的观点).5.We______________________(已投入所有的时间和精力)inthisplan,andwedon’twantittofail.Test20XX.2.3.4.Everyonehashisinherentability,________________(只是很容易被习惯所掩盖).________________________(他们没有去游泳)，theywenttoplayfootballthatday.Irepliedtoherthat__________________________（我将会接受她的邀请）.______________________（随着工商业的发展）,thenumberoftreesinmanybigcitieshasdramaticallyreduced.5.Aftertheterroristattack,tourists__________________（被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）.Test211.Thoughyoustayintheseaforweeks,youwillnot________________（失去联系）theoutsideworld.2.Ihavehadgreatdealoftrouble_________________________（跟得上班上的其他同学）.3.Weshouldrecognizethateverycompanyandeverypersonis______________________(顾客和供应者漫长链条的一部分).4.Mybrotherwasveryill,so_______________________(我只得把医生请来)inthemiddleofthenight.5.Thisbook________________________(条理不清),Somepartsareevencontradictory.Test221.Whydidn’tyoutellmeyoucouldlendmethemoney?I__________________(本来不必从银行借钱).2.Theimportanceoftrafficsafety,______________________(无论如何强调都不为过).3.Thereisnodoubtthat_________________________(需求的增长导致了价格的上涨).4.Shewasangrywithherhusband,so_____________（她不理不睬）whenhespoketoher..5.Travelcanwidenourknowledge,________________（扩大我们的眼界）,andmakeoneopen-mindedaswell.Test231.（他把自己奉献于社区工作）___________________andispassionateaboutwhatheisdoing.2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,__________________（正在研制）andperfectednow.3.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused______________（习惯了学生迟到）hislecture.4.I’drather________________(你别发表任何意见)ontheissueforthetimebeing.5.Don’tyouknowit’sthefirsttime_____________________(他参加这种会议).Test241.Unlikephotocopiesofbooks,thedigitalcopiesare_____________________(几乎和原件质量一模一样).2.Weareacompetitivecompanylookingforcreativepeoplewillingtowork__________(尽其所能).3.Inmyopinion,____________________________(打电动玩具既浪费时间也有害健康).4.Hecannotwinagoodreputation，_________________________(因为他多嘴多舌).5.Howcouldwegetnewsinourownsocietyorabroad______________（没有报纸的话）?Test251.Carsareresponsibleformostofthesmogincities,_______________（这已经对环境造成了严重的污染）.2.Manshouldnotexploitthenaturalresources_______________（以牺牲其他物种为代价）.3.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren______________________（有很强的影响）thecharacterofthechildren.4.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelatives__________________（起着不可缺少的作用）inraisingchildren.5.Healwaysdreamsof_________________(有个机会)forhimtobringintofullplayhispotential.Test261.Youshould_______________(留心任何一点变化)inthepatientwhilethedoctorisaway.2.Thesnow______________________(已持续下了几个小时)andthegroundiscompletelycovered.3.Ihavenoobjection_______________________(再听听你的故事).4.Thereisnodoubtthat__________________________(近视是一个很严重的问题)amongtheyouthofourcountry.5.Wehavereasonstobelievethat,_______________(一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们).Test271.ThelatestcensusshowsthatChina’spopulation______________（已超过10亿）2.Modernizationwillbeentirelypossibleinthefirsthalfofthe21stcentury,aslongaswe________________（坚持认为）thateconomicdevelopmentisthecenterofallourwork.3.WhenSandyrecoveredfromcancer,herdoctor___________________________（把此归因于她对未来的信念）.4.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it_____________________（肯定没打扫过）5.Markoften___________________（试图逃脱罚款）wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.Test2.5.Wehadtostartatexactlythesametime,___________________(所以我们必须核准手表)._________________________(他是否是工作的合适人选)isstillacontroversialissue.Fertilizerareusedprimarytoenrichthesoiland_______________________(提高产量).SorryIdidn’trealize______________________(这是个如此敏感的问题).Accordingtomypersonalexperience,___________________(微笑已带给我许多好处).Test291.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforeveryoneinoursociety，______________(但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人)canmakeuseofthemtoachievepurpose.2.Wehavehadtenrecorders,butwestillneed________________（需要这么多）asagain.3.Hewasconvincedonthebasisof_______________________（当时已出现的情况）thattherewouldbealonganddifficultstruggle.4.Attheendofhisspeech,theschoolmasterencouragedthechildrentoworkhard______________________（不要让父母失望）.5.Withtearsonherface,thelady____________________________（看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室）.Test301.WhenI__________________（发现他骗我）Istoppedbuyingthinsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.2.Hehasjustarrived,buthetalks____________________(似乎什么都知道了).3.Inprevioustimes,_____________________(当鲜肉供应不足时),pigeonswerekeptbymanyhouseholdsasasourceoffood.4.AmericanfootballandbaseballarebecomingknowntotheBritishpublicthrough______________________(电视传输)fromtheUnitedStates.5.Ifthiscan’tbesettledreasonably,itmaybenecessaryto_________________(诉诸武力).参考答案：Test11.wasaccusedofrunningaway2.hewouldhavegotthroughtheexams3.despitethefactthatitisillegaltosellcigarettes4.therebeingachanceforhertobesentabroad5.Allthingsconsidered3.findouttheidentityofthewoman4.fiercecompetitionamongtheairlines5.whetherapersonissuitableforthejobTest71.wouldhavereacheditsdestinationontime2.paymentismadeinadvance3.ofwhichonlyfourteenarerecognizedasofficial4.adapttheirproductstothenewhardware5.IusethebikeratherthanthecarTest21.twiceasmuchproteinas2.hadlittletodowiththequestionunderdiscussion3.billionsofdollarsworthofpropertydamage4.distinguishhonestapplicantanddishonestones5.whoevertheythoughtwasthebesttouristguideTest81.makethingsconvenientforthepeople2.arelesslikelytopickupthehabitofsmoking3.attheexpenseofhisfamilylife4.thosewhocanaffordtolosetheirmoney5.isapplicabletoeveryonewithoutexceptionTest31.Itwasnotuntildarkthatsherealized2.theseapplicationformsbesentback3.makesurethatguestsareregisteredcorrectly4.muchmoreemphasishasbeenputon5.howthenegotiationsweregoingonTest91.arestrugglingtofindtherightbalancebetweensupplyanddemand2.nottospeakofgoingabroad3.wasalwaysconcernedaboutthepoorandthesick4.wassotiredthathewasinnomoodto5.indetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationTest41.contributetoheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure2.didhearriveatthesportsground3.separatingfactfromfiction4.whotoblameforthebrokenglass5.inspiredeveryonetofollowhisexampleTest51.aremoreworriedthantheywilladmit2.overpricedandinferiorinquality3.nottobeasseriousaswehadfeared4.Allherenergiesarefocuseduponherchildren5.shouldn’thavedrivensofastTest.BytakingexercisesourheartycongratulationsenjoythebusridelikemeWehavedecidedonanopenpolicyintworespects5.forhelpingpolicepersuadeawomannottocommitsuicideTest61.wouldbesittinginacomfortableofficenow2.shewasaccusedofcheatingcustomersTest111.Thekeytothesuccessofthisproject2.shouldadapthimselfto3.delayingmaking4.notasdangerousasitformerlywas5.MuchofwhatyousayIagreewith5.wonderingabouthisrealpurposeTest.5.beingsentabroadsetsfreemostofwarprisonersAllthingsconsideredSuchbeingthecasedrawusefullessonsfromitTest121.theprojectnotbestarted2.listeningtomusicenablesustofeelrelaxed3.Takingeverythingintoconsideration4.makeconstantprogressinintellectualeducation5.It’sneedlesstosayTest181.increased6times2.thateducationisnotcompletewithgraduation3.Itwasveryreluctantly4.thattheplanshouldbecarriedoutimmediately5.viaE-mailinsteadoftelephoneTest131.Theyhadseenhergrowupfromchildhood2.Ratherthanallowthevegetabletogobad3.Onnoaccountcanwe4.Withthepassageoftime5.dieofdiseaseslinkedtosmokingTest191.followedmyadvice,youwouldnotbeintroublenow.2.howtoavoidgettingillwhiletraveling3.flewintoarage4.tobasehisarguments5.haveinvestedallourtimeandeffortTest.5.ItwasunexpectedWhentheplaneistotakeoffhadtobeoperatedmanuallyneitherwilltheywouldnothavefinishedsoearlyTest20XX.2.3.4.whichiseasilyconcealedbyhabitsInsteadofgoingswimmingIwouldacceptherinvitationWithindustriesandbusinessdevelopingquickly5.wereadvisednottotraveltothatcountryatthemomentTest151.realizeeitherIorhewaswrong2.alotmoreofuswouldbegettingsick3.Thestrangertookadvantageoftheyounggirl4.fakeandinferiorcommodities5.adaptourselvestoTest211.losecontactwith2.keepingupwiththerestoftheclass.3.partofalongchainofcustomersandsuppliers4.Ihadtocallthedoctor5.doesnothaveanintegratedstructureTest161.Noinventionhasreceivedmorepraiseandabuse2.hasalwayshadtheinterestsofthepeopleatheart3.Whentheplaneistotakeoff4.ranges/variesfrom50centsto$4Test221.needn’thaveborroweditfromthebank2.can'tbeoveremphasized/can'tbeemphasizedtoomuch3.theincreaseindemandresultedin/causedtheriseinprices4.sheignoredhim5.broadenourhorizontheidea3.attributedittoherfirmbeliefinthefuture4.can'thavebeencleaned5.attemptstoescapebeingfinedTest281.sowehadourwatcheschecked2.Whetherheistherightpersonforthejob3.toincreaseyield4.itwassuchasensitiveissue5.smilehasdonemealotofgoodTest.5.hedevotedhimselftothecommunityarebeingdevelopedtostudents’beinglateforyoudidn’tmakeanycommenthehasattendedthiskindofmeetingTest291.butonlythosewhoarepreparedadequatelyandqualifiedhighly2.asmany3.whathadappearedbythen4.andnottolettheirparentsdown5.watchedherinjuredsonsentintotheoperationroom.Test241.arevirtuallyidenticalinqualitytotheoriginal2.tothebestoftheirability3.playingvideogamesnotonlytakesmuchtimebutalsodoesharmtohealth4.becausehehasaloosetongue5.withoutnewspaperTest301.caught/foundhimcheatingme2.asifheknowsaboutthat3.whenfreshmeatwasinshortsupply4.throughtelevisedtransmissions5.resorttoforceTest251.whichhasseriouslypollutedtheenvironment2.atthecostofsacrificing/lossofotherspecies_3.hasastronginfluenceon/effecton4.playindispensableroles5.therebeingachanceTest2.5.keepaneyeontheslightestchangeshasbeensteadilyfallingforhourstohearingyourstoryagainnear-sightednessisaseriousproblemwewouldhaveabetterandbrighterfutureTest271.hasexceededonebillion2.holdanidea/insistontheidea/stickto第三篇：20XX大学英语四级翻译练习世界贸易组织成立于1995年1月1日，目的是确保一个稳定的全球和贸易经济环境。在当今世界上的190多个国家中，世界贸易组织的成员国(membercountry)有158个。在处理国家之间的贸易规则方面，世界贸易组织是唯一的全球性国际组织。世贸组织的事务应该引起我们的关注，因为世贸组织制定的规则对我们国家的经济和国民生活都有一定的影响。TheWTO(WorldTradeOrganization),establishedonJanuary1,1995,aimstoensureastabletradeandeconomicworldenvironment.TheWTOisanassociationof158membercountries,ofmorethan190countriesintheworldtoday.TheWTOistheonlyglobalinternationalorganizationdealingwiththerulesoftradebetweennations.ThebusinessoftheWTOshouldbeofinteresttousbecausetherulesthatarebeingdecidedthereinhaveanimpactonournationaleconomy,andpeopleslives.2奥运会是国际性的体育盛会(sportingevents)，体育项目种类繁多，分为夏冬两季，均是每4年举办一次。最初有记载的奥运会于公元前776年在希腊的奥林匹亚(Olympia)举行。奥运会是最大的媒体活动之一。20XX年悉尼奥运会上，有超过1.6万名播音员和新闻记者参与报道。据估计，有38亿观众通过电视收看了此届盛会。然而，奥运会的发展也是奥运会面临的一个大问题。TheOlympicGamesareaninternationalmultisporteventsubdividedintosummerandwintersportingevents.Thesummerandwintergamesareeachheldeveryfouryears.TheoriginalOlympicGameswerefirstrecordedin776BCinOlympia,Greece.TheOlympicsareoneofthelargestmediaevents.InSydneyin20XXthereweremorethan16000broadcastersandjournalists,andanestimated3.8billionviewerswatchedthegamesontelevision.However,thedevelopmentoftheOlympicsisoneofthelargestproblemstheOlympicsfacetoday.3《三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景，叙述了在这个动荡(turbulent)时期发生的一系列重大事情。整个故事情节从公元168年开始一直到公元280年领土统一(reunification)时结束。小说篇幅长达80万字，分为120XX节，共描述了1191个人物角色，堪称中国文学史上四大经典小说之一。RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,writtenbyLuoGuanzhonginthe14thcentury,isaChinesehistoricalnovelbaseduponeventsintheturbulentyearsneartheendoftheHanDynastyandtheThreeKingdomsera,startinginAD168andendingwiththereunificationofthelandinAD280.ItisacclaimedasoneoftheFourGreatClassicalNovelsofChineseliterature,withagrandtotalof800000words,1191characters,and120XXhapters.4秧歌舞(Yangko)是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装(costume)，他们的表演动作有力而迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣(gong)鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。TheYangkodanceisatraditionalfolkdanceoftheHanChinese,commonlyperformedinthenorthernprovinces.Yangkodancersusuallywearbrightandcolorfulcostumes,andtheirmovementsarevigorousandquick.DuringholidayssuchaslunarNewYearandtheLanternFestival,assoonaspeoplehearthesoundofdrumsandgongstheyswarmintothestreetstowatchYangkodanceperformances,nomatterhowcolditisoutside.Inrecentyears,elderlypeopleinsomecitiesinNortheastChinahavebeenorganizingthemselvesintoYangkoteams,withthedancersmostlyenjoyingthemselveswhilekeepingfitallyearround.5中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。这反映出中国人喜欢团圆、不愿分离的观念——圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放在桌子的中央,这样坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的气氛。朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭、生活。最近一位美国汉学家(Sinologist)的著作认为，中国人的集体观念(collectivetradition)就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。Chineseliketoeattogether,whichisatraditionthatcanbetracedbackalongtimeago.ItreflectstheChinesenotionofunionversusdivision—roundtables,rounddishes,androundbowlsallsymbolizeunionandperfection.Dishesareusuallyplacedatthecenterofthetablesothateveryonearoundthetablecansharethem.Ahotpot,inparticular,addstotheatmosphereofharmonyandunion.Friendsalsoliketoeatandlivetogether.ArecentbookbyanAmericanSinologistheldthattheChinesecollectivetraditiondevelopedoutofthepracticeofeatingtogether.6川剧(SichuanOpera)就像四川火锅以及其他的名菜一样动人、丰富。变脸(FaceChanging)是川剧中的一大亮点。据说古人在他们的脸上作画，[JP2]以便赶走野生动物。川剧吸收了这一古老的技艺并将其升华为一门艺术。变脸是一门神奇的艺术。演员在不到20XX时间内要换十多次脸谱。通过举手、摆袖或摇头，演员使用不同的脸谱来表现不同的情绪，并通过看得见摸得着的脸谱表达出看不见摸不着的感情。SichuanOpera(ChuanJu),likehotpotandotherfamousSichuandishes,isexcitingandrich.FaceChangingisthehighlightofSichuanOpera.Itissaidthatancientpeoplepaintedtheirfacestodriveawaywildanimals.SichuanOperaabsorbsthisancientskillandperfectsitintoanart.FaceChangingisamagicalart.Actorschangemorethan10masksinlessthan20XXeconds.Byraisingthehand,swingingasleeveortossingthehead,anactorusesdifferentmaskstoshowdifferentemotions,expressinginvisibleandintangiblefeelingsthroughvisibleandtangiblemasks.7长城作为世界上最伟大的奇观之一，是古代中国在不同时期为抵御北方游牧民族（nomadictribe）侵袭而修筑的规模浩大的军事工程的统称。如同巨龙一般，长城自东向西绵延8800多公里。距今已有2000多年历史的万里长城很多地方已经变成了废墟，但是它仍然是世界上最具吸引力的地方。1987年，长城被联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）列为世界文化遗产。TheGreatWall,oneofthegreatestwondersintheworld,isthegeneralnameofaseriesoflargescalemilitaryconstructionsduringdifferentperiodsinancientChina,hopedforthedefenseagainsttheinvasionofnomadictribesfromthenorth.Justlikeagiganticdragon,theGreatWallstretchesover8800kilometersfromeasttowestofChina.Withahistoryofmorethan2000years,manysectionsoftheGreatWallhavebeeninruinsnow.However,itisstilloneofthemostappealingattractionsallaroundtheworld.In1987,theGreatWallwaslistedasaWorldCulturalHeritagebyUNESCO.8光棍节，又称“双十一”，最初是由大学生发起的单身人士的情人节，现在已经从最初的庆祝单身变成了中国人的一个网购狂欢节。过去六年里，中国的电商（ecommerce）巨头们开始利用这一商机，通过打折促销吸引顾客，提高销售收入。天猫(T)双十一一天的销售额从20XX年的5000万飙升至20XX年的350亿。邮政部门（theStatePostBureau）表示由于准备充分，尽管订单增加，快递业务仍然运行正常。SinglesDay,alsonamedtheDouble11Day,whichoriginatedwithcollegestudentsasanalternativetoValentinesDayforsinglepeople,nowhastransformeditsoriginalfunctionasadayofcelebrationforthegreatunlovedintoadayofcrazyonlineshoppingfortheChinesepeople.Overthepastsixyears,SinglesDayhasbeentakenadvantageofbyChineseecommercegiantsbyofferingdiscountsandlaunchingsalescampaignsonthatdaytoattractcustomersandboostsalesincome.SalesatTonSinglesDayhavesnowballedfrom50millionyuanin20XXto35billionyuanin20XX.TheStatePostBureausaidthatthankstoadequatepreparation,expressdeliverieswererunningonscheduledespitetheincreaseinorders.9对于中国人来说，“面子”十分重要，它指的是一个人根源于自尊的名誉观。大部分中国人都认为，有面子是最重要的事情之一，丢面子则会带来巨大的痛苦。因此，人们必须了解并遵守面子规则，如果违反就会受到严厉的惩罚。然而，有时候一个人丢面子不仅仅是因为他们的行为不符合社会的要求，还可能是由于别人的行为没有符合他个人的期待。FaceisimmenselyimportantfortheChinese.Itcanbedefinedasanotionofonesreputationrootedinselfesteem.MostoftheChinesepeoplebelievethattohavefaceisoneofthemostvaluedthings,whiletolosefaceisacauseofgreatanguish.Thus,peopleareexpectedtoknowandabidebytherulesoffaceandarepenalizedharshlyiftheybreakthem.However,sometimesapersoncouldlosefacenotonlybecauseofhisfailuretomatchuptosocietysobligationsonhim,butalsofromthefailureofotherstoactinaccordancewithhisexpectationsofthem.武术在我国源远流长，是中国传统文化的瑰宝(gem)。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界的其他地方而成为人类的共同财富。为了更好地推广武术，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联(theChineseWushuAssociationandtheInternationalWushuFederation)做了艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术已被列为一种与保龄球(bowling)和国际标准舞(internationalstandarddance)有同等地位的奥运表演项目。WithalonghistoryinChina,wushuisagemofChinesetraditionalculture.Asweallknow,theexcellentculturalheritageofanationdoesntbelongtothenationalonebutwillbespreadtotherestoftheworldgraduallytobesharedbyallhumanity.TheChineseWushuAssociationandtheInternationalWushuFederationhavebeenworkingveryhardtopopularizewushuandmoveitclosertotheOlympicevents.Now,wushuhasbeenacceptedasanOlympicdemonstrationeventwiththesamestatusasbowlingandinternationalstandarddance.11旗袍(Qipao)是中国独特的传统服饰。旗袍原本是满族(Manchu)妇女的服装，穿在身上非常宽松，直上直下，中间没有腰线。后来一些汉族的女性对这种服饰进行了改造，使它更加合身、性感。20XX20XX，旗袍在上海的女学生中变得非常流行。旗袍一般是由丝绸制成，领口、袖口和腋襟上都绣有精细的花边。旗袍体现了中国女性的端庄、温柔和美丽。QipaoisauniquekindoftraditionalChineseattire.OriginallywornbyManchuwomen,Qipaofittedlooselyandhungstraightdownthebodywithnowaistlines.AndthensomeHanChineseladiescarriedoutsomeimprovementsonthedesign,makingitmorefittingandsexier.Whenitcametothe1920XXQipaobecameverypopularamongthegirlstudentsinShanghai.Qipaoisusuallymadeofsilk,andembroideredwithdelicatelacesattheneckline,cuffsandedges.QipaoembodiesChinesewomensmodesty,softnessandbeauty.中国石窟(grotto)主要反映的是佛教文化艺术。敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟、洛阳龙门石窟、天水麦积山石窟，号称中国四大石窟艺术景观。佛教石窟随山雕凿、彩绘，形象生动自然，将崇高美(sublimity)与世俗情(secularfeeling)融为一体，把天然造化与人工创造有机结合，是由建筑、绘画、雕塑等组成的博大精深、绚丽夺目的综合艺术殿堂。其艺术成就为世界所瞩目，已成为重要的世界文化遗产。ChinesegrottoesmainlyreflecttheartofBuddhistculture.InChina,therearefourmajorartlandscapesofgrottoes:theMogaoGrottoesatDunhuang,theYungangGrottoesatDatong,theLongmenGrottoesatLuoyang,andtheMaijishanGrottoesatTianshui.Carvedandpaintedonmountains,theBuddhistgrottoesminglebothsublimityandsecularfeelingstogether,presentingusavividandnaturalappearance.Theyembodythesystematiccombinationofboththeexceptionalartistryofgreatnatureandtheextremelyfinecraftsmanshipofmankind.TheChineseBuddhistgrottoesareregardedasaprofoundandstunninggeneralartgallery,displayingtheartofarchitecture,painting,sculpturesandetc.TheartisticachievementsofChinesegrottoeshaveattractedtheattentionoftheworld,andhavebecomeanimportantinternationalculturalheritage.13中国古典文学包括诗歌、散文、小说及词(ci)、赋(fu)、曲(qu)等多种文体，艺术表现手法丰富各异。小说历史悠久，并在明清时期达到巅峰。小说中的《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》被称为中国四大古典文学名著，至今在国内外都有着广泛而深远的影响。研读四大名著能够了解中国传统人文社会、民俗，是汲取古代文明精粹、处世为人策略与智慧的重要途径。Chineseclassicalliteratureincludespoetry,prose,fiction,andci(newlyricswrittentopreexistingtunes),fu(“descriptivepoems”ofprosepoetry),qu(afreerformbasedonthenewpopularsongsanddramaticarias),andmanyotherstyles.Itsartisticexpressionsarevariousintechniques.Chinesefictionhasalonghistory,reachingitspeakintheMingandQingDynasties.FourclassicsofChineseliteratureareRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,WaterMargin,PilgrimagetotheWest,andADreamofRedMansions,whichhaveextensiveandfarreachingsignificancebothonanationalandinternationallevel.Throughreading“thefourfamousnovels”carefully,youcanunderstandtraditionalChinesesocietyandhumanculture,anditsfolklore.Anditisanimportantwaytoabsorbthequintessenceofancientcultureaswellastopickupstrategiesandwisdomonhowtogetalongwithothers.14泰山(MountTai)位于山东中部，占地426平方千米，最高峰“玉皇顶(theJadeEmperorPeak)”海拔约1545米。泰山以恢宏的自然景观著称于世，山上点缀着寺庙、石碑和石刻(stoneinscription)。身为中国五大名山之首，泰山备受佛教(Buddhism)和道教(Taoism)的推崇。中国的很多皇帝都曾到泰山敬拜天地。传统观念认为泰山是每天太阳最先升起的地方。因此为了到泰山之巅看日出，成千上万的人午夜就开始攀登泰山。LocatedincentralShandongProvince,MountTaicovers426squarekilometerswithit