小学英语语法市公开课一等奖课件省赛课获奖课件

《小学英语》语法1/51一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）二、人称代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词八、therebe构造九、句式1.肯定句2.否认句3.疑问句4.祈使句十、时态：1.一般目前时2.一般过去时3.目前进行时4.一般将来时十一、“wh”特殊疑问句2/51一、名词名词详细名词抽象名词一般名词专有名词个体名词集体名词名词可数名词不可数名词单数复数3/51英语语法中，名词有两种数形式：1）单数（表达一种人或事物）；2）复数（表达多于一种人或数）。只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词数：4/51名词复数形式组成形式变化规则发音例词一般情况+s1.清辅音结尾名词后[s]2.浊辅音结尾名词后[z]；3.元音结尾名词后[z];books,cups,catsdogs,birds,armsdays,players以-s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z结尾名词+es[iz]bus,brush,boxes,watch,大多数以-o结尾名词+es[z]tomatoes,potatoes以元音字母加o结尾名词+s[z]radios,pianos以辅音字母加y结尾名词把y改成i再加es[z]stories,families,babies以f和fe结尾大多数名词把f或fe改成v再加es[z]thieves,knives不规则名词复数由元音字母变化组成：

man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词复数形式与单数形式同样：

sheep,deer,fish(但也能够是fishes)有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxen5/51Practisepeach_________ 2.zoo_________3.glass_________ 4.fox_______5.lady_________ 6.policewoman_________7.house___________ 8.photo_________9.monkey__________ 10.wife__________11.rose____________ 12.path__________13.judge___________ 14.map___________peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps6/51二、人称代词主格： I we you she he it they宾格： me us you her him itthem形容词性物主代词： my our your her his its their名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs第一人称第二人称第三人称后跟名词能够在句子中独立作主语、宾语或表语7/51Practise_______(他)ismybrother.2.Ihadaletterfrom__________(她).3.It’sallright;it’sonly_________(我).4.Today________(我们)wentin_________(我们)car;tomorrow________(我们)aregoingin_________(他们).5.________(我)lend_________(我)booksgladlyto_______(我)friendsandto________(你).6.Canyouhelp_________(我)with________(我)English.7.When________(你)gotosee_________(你)father,pleasetakethesebooksto________(他).8.________(他们)found_______(它)difficulttolearnGerman.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit8/51所有格所有格形式单数人称名词末尾加’s child-child’s以-s结尾单数人称名词末尾加’s waitress-waitress’s不规则复数人称名词末尾加’s children-children’s以-s结尾复数人称名词末尾加’

girls-girls’以-s结尾某些人名末尾加’s James-James’s下列情况一般用“of”构造：东西(没有现成复合名词时):thebookofthefilm2.东西一部分:thebottomofthebox3.抽象概念:thepriceofsuccess4.当of短语中名词被另一种短语或从句修饰时：

Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?双重

’s构造也能够用于“of”构造之后，如：afriendofmyfather’s,出现这种情况是由于在一种名词前一般只用一种限定词，又如：thissonofmine,afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。Isn’tFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTom’shastoldmethesameJokefivetimes.9/51冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词零冠词名词前可不用冠词10/51不定冠词使用方法：表达“一”，“任何一种”或“不论哪一种”意思。

Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表达法中：

WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在单数表语名词前，以表达职业、行业、宗教、等级等。

Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以what引导感慨句中，单数可数名词前。

Whataprettygirl!5.某些常用短语中。

haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache….11/51定冠词使用方法：用来表达“独一无二”意思。

Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表达“说话人刚才提到过人或事物”。

Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在背面跟有限定性介词短语名词前。

theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指乐器名词前。

Heplaysthepiano.5.某些常用短语。

bytheway,inthemorning,What’sthematter?12/51零冠词使用方法：泛指抽象名词前。Lifeisveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指物质名词前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指复数名词前。Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指“餐”名前。Cometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多数专有名词前。HecomesfromFrance.6.语言名词前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季节和节日名词前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.当名词前已有某些代词修饰时。Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在体育项目标名词前。playbasketball10.某些常用短语。athome,gotoschool,atnight13/511.Thereis_____notebookonmydesk.Iuse_____notebooktokeepadiary.2.Thereis______bottleonthetable._____waterinitissweet.3.Wang'smotheris______Englishteacher.Sheteachesin_____primaryschool.4.Chinais______ancientcountrywith_____longhistory.5.Chinahas_____populationof12hundredmillion._____Chinesepeopleare_____greatpeople.6.Hermotheris_____universityteacher.Sheis_____honestwoman.7.Noneof_____booksshouldbetakenoutof_____roomwithout_____permissionof_____librarian.8._____Partyalwaysteachesustoworkfor_____peopleheartandsoul.9.Shestudiesat____No.3MiddleSchool.Shegoesto____schoolby____buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris_____studentof_____English.Shestudiesat_____college.11.______Mondaybefore_____SpringFestivalwasverycold.12.Haveyouhad______dinner?PractiseatheaTheantheanatheThe/aanthethethe/The/////aaThe//14/51四、动词

动词主要表达动作，其次表达状态或性质，有时态、语态、语调等形式变化。

小学阶段所包括动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can等。15/51Be动词am,is,arewas,werebeen16/51Practise1.He________verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI________goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3.________youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King________inLondontwoweeksago.5.There________manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What________thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl________flyingakite.8.Who________notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever________toJapan?10.I______notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam17/51动词基本形式原形第三人称单数目前式过去式过去分词目前分词studystudiesstudiedstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhavinglearnlearnslearned/learntlearned/learntlearning18/51第三人称单数目前式情况变化规则例词一般情况+sworks,learns,eats,needs,says结尾为s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,teaches,goes,fixes结尾为辅音字母+y变y为i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,cries

动词be和have第三人称单数目前式分别是is和has。19/51动词过去式组成例词读音在动词后加ed在以e结尾动词后加ed在以辅音字母加y结尾动词后，先变y为i再加ed在重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一种辅音字母时，须双写这个辅音字母再加ed在清辅音后读[t]lookedwashedpassedhopedlikedstoppeddropped在元音和浊辅音后读[d]stayedcalledlivedstudiedtriedcarriedplannedpreferred在辅音[t]、[d]后读[id]tastedneededadmittedpermitted20/51目前分词情况变化规则例词一般情况+ingdoing,asking,helping以不发音e结尾动词去e加inghaving,taking,writing,living以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一种辅音字母动词双写最后一种辅音字母，再加ingrunning,swimming,putting,sitting21/51原形第三人称单数目前式过去式目前分词have

givegetread

sweepplay

carry

hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise22/51五、动词时态动词时态是表达动作或状态发生或存在时间和表达方式一种动词形式。小学阶段所学时态有：一般目前时：work/works2.目前进行时：am/is/areworking3.一般过去时：worked4.一般将来时：am/is/aregoingtowork23/51一般目前时一般表达经常发生或习惯性动作或目前状态。常与时间副词连用：always,often,usually,every…,onSundays,twiceaweek等。基本构造肯定句否认句一般疑问句Iwork.Wework.Idon’twork.Wedon’twork.DoIwork?Dowework?Youwork.Youdon’twork.Doyouwork?Theywork.Theydon’twork.Dotheywork?SheHeworks.ItSheHedoesn’twork.ItsheDoeshework?it24/51目前进行时一般表达说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着动作。它所示动作具有连续性、临时性和未完成性。常见与目前进行时有关词有：now,thesedays,look,listen等。基本构造肯定句否认句一般疑问句Iamworking.Weareworking.I’mnotworking.We’renotworking.AmIworking?Areweworking?Youareworking.Youaren’tworking.Areyouworking?Theyareworking.Theyaren’tworking.Aretheyworking?SheHeisworking.ItSheHeisn’tworking.ItsheIsheworking?it25/51一般过去时一般表达过去某一时间所发生动作或存在状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。常与表达过去时间状语连用：yesterday,last…,…ago,justnow,in1998等。基本构造肯定句否认句一般疑问句Iworked.Weworked.Ididn’twork.Wedidn’twork.DidIwork?Didwework?Youworked.Youdidn’twork.Didyouwork?Theyworked.Theydidn’twork.Didtheywork?SheHeworked.ItSheHedidn’twork.ItsheDidhework?it26/51一般将来时表达将来发生动作或情况。常与某些表达将来时间状语连用：tomorrow,next…,Begoingtodo表达主体目前打算在近来或将来要做某事；也能够表达“预见”，即目前已有迹象表白将要发生或即将发生某种情况。基本构造肯定句否认句一般疑问句I’mgoingtowork.We’regoingtowork.I’mnotgoingtowork.Wearen’tgoingtowork.AmIgoingtowork?Arewegoingtowork?You’regoingtowork.Youaren’tgoingtowork.Areyougoingtowork?They’regoingtowork.Theyaren’tgoingtowork.Aretheygoingtowork?SheHeisgoingtowork.ItSheHeisn’tgoingtowork.ItsheIshegoingtowork?it27/51Peter________(play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.Doyoubelievewhathe________(say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycat____________(sleep)inthesofa.4.There_______(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5.

_____you_______________(see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She____________(notplay)theguitaratthemoment.7.What______hisfatherusually_______(do)intheevening?8.They______________(have)ameetingnextweek,aren'tthey?9.BothheandI________(be)teachers.10.I___________(notfeel)verywellyesterday.11.Heputonhiscoatand_________(go)out.12.LeiFengoften____________(help)othersandhewashelpful.NextSunday,we___________________(clean)upthepark.14.Hurry!Yourmother____________(wait)foryouattheschoolgate.PractiseplayssaidissleepingisAregoingtoseeisn’tplayingdoesdoaregoingtohavearedidn’tfeelwenthelpsaregoingtocleaniswaiting28/51六、介词介词在句子中表达名词或代词等与其他词之间关系。不能单独作句子成份，常位于名词或代词（或与之相称其他词类、短语、从句）前面组成介词短语。介词背面成份作介词宾语。方位介词in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,infrontof,nextto,between时间介词in,on,at,after,before,from…to,past,between

其他of,by,with,into,outof,for,

29/51Practise1.Look_____thepicture.It'spicture___myschool.

2.Thereisaschoolbuilding____myschool.Ithasfivefloors.______theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground.________school,thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.

3.Myclassroomis____thefifthfloor.It'sbigandclean.

4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomes______schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomes____bicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexercises______us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacard___her.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples_____thetree.6.–Where’syourstudy?–It’snext____mybedroom.7.Thecar_____thetreeisJack’s.8.Theballis________thedoor,soyoucan’tseeit.9._______________thehouse,therearemanytrees.10.Listen!Someoneisknocking____thedoor.11.Thereissomethingwrong_____mycomputer.atofinNearAfterontobywithforontounderbehindInfrontofatwith30/51七、数词表达数目标词称为基数词表达数目次序词称为序数词1—12基数词：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13—19基数词：

thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20—90基数词：

twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21—29基数：

twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-ninethirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven….-teen-ty十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“-”31/512.百位数：onehundred,twohundred,threehundred,fourhundred…fivehundredandeight-six,sixhundredandninety-nine,sevenhundredandeight,eighthundredandone3.千位数：onethousand,fourthousand,seventhousandonehundredandfive百位数和十位数之间加and。

注意英语中没有“万”这个单位，因此常用thousand来表达。tenthousand,thirtythousand,fifteenthousandonehundred,fivehundredandonethousandfourhundredandthirty-two32/51英语序数词第1-19除了first,second与third有特殊形式外，其他都由基数词加后缀-th组成。

注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth拼法。2.十位数序数词组成办法是：先把十位数基数词词尾ty中y变为i，然后加后缀-eth,如：

twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth3.十位数序数词假如具有1-9个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用“-”连字符。如：

twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、万等序数词由hundred,thousand,million等加-th,前面加有关基数词组成。如：

onehundredth,onethousandth

注意：序数词前one不能用a替代。

onehundredandtwenty-first33/51Practise1.Thereare____daysinayear.

A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive

2.______peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.

A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof

3.Therearetwo_____peopleinthemeetingroom.

A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof

4.____treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years.

A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof

5.Mybrotherisin____.

A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone

6.Wearegoingtolearn___thisterm.

A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix7.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis____.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five

CDAABDC34/518."Theyear1999"shouldberead"Theyear____".A.nineteenandninety-nineB.nineteenninety-nineC.onethousandninehundredandninety-nineD.nineteenhundredandninety-nine

9.Hewillcomehere____tomorrowmorning.

A.atfifthB.attenC.ontwoD.tilltenth

10.Everydayhebeginstodohishomework___.

A.attenpastsevenB.atsevenpassten

C.ontenpastseventhD.untilten11.Wealllikethe_____boy.

A.oftenyearsoldB.ten-year-oldC.attenoldD.ofageoften12.Thereare____monthsinayear.Decemberisthe____monthoftheyear.

A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth

13.During____century,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.

A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentiethD.thetwenty

14.Jennywasborn_______.

A.onJuly10,1987B.inJuly10,1987C.in1987,July10D.on1987,July10

BBABBBA35/51八、形容词和副词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）词。副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句词。Heisagood

student.2.Thefilmisvery

interesting.3.Thereissomethingwrongwiththebike.4.Lucyisolder

thanHelen.Theproblemisverydifficult.2.Hewrotetheletterscarefully.

方式副词：carefully,quickly,suddenly…

2.地点副词：here,there,up,down…3.时间副词：yesterday,today,now…4.程度副词：very,quite,much,just…36/51形容词和副词比较级和最高级情况比较级最高级一般情况+er,

如：taller,longer,faster,sooner+est,

如：tallest,longest,fastest,soonest以e结尾词+r,如：later,nicer,larger+st,如：latest,nicest,largest以重读闭音节结尾词双写最后一种字母，再+er,如:bigger,fatter双写最后一种字母，再+est，如：biggest,fattest以辅音字母加y结尾词把y改为i再+er,

如：busier,earlier把y改为i再+est,

如：busiest,earliest大部分多音节词在前面加more,如：morecareful,morewonderfully在前面加most,如：mostcareful,mostwonderfully不规则词：good/well,many/much,farbettermorefarther/furtherbestmostfarthest/further37/51比较级使用方法1.用来把彼此独立事和人进行比较，表达“比……更……某些”意思，一般用一种由从属连词than引导状语从句来表达和什么相比。为了避免反复，从句中有些成份能够省略。如：HelenistallerthanLucy.HegotmoreinformationthanIdid.HerunsfasterthanI.2.假如我们要说两个东西在某一方面是同样，我们就能够用“as+形容词/副词+as”,形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否认比较时，能够用notas…as…,notso…as…,也能够用less…than…，如：Jimmyisastallashisfather.Idon’twriteas/sowellasHelen.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.38/51比较级使用方法3.为了表达连续不停变化，我们能够用“双重比较”办法，这种构造背面不可跟than引导比较状语从句。如：Heiscryingharderandharder.Ourcountrygetsmoreandmorebeautiful.Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.4.表达两个变化是一起发生，能够把比较级形式和the一起用，表达“越……，就越……”意思。如：Thehigherthemountainis,thethinnertheairis.Theearlieryoustart,thesooneryouwillbeback.

39/51Practise1.Shanghaiis________thanBeijing.Itis____________cityinourcountry.(large)2.Billisn’tas______asMike.Tomis______thanMike.Whois________ofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas______asBill,andsheismuch_______thanhimatsinging.(well,good)4.Springiscoming.Theweatherisgetting________and_________.(warm)5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.John’scomputerismuch____________thanTom’sandmine.Itis_________________ofthethree.(expensive)6.Itisalittle__________todaythanyesterday.(wet)7.MrsBrownismuch________thanshewastwoyearsago.(healthy)8.Whichdoyoulike_________,basketball,volleyball,orfootball?(well)largerthelargestoldoldertheoldestwellbetterwarmerwarmermoreexpensivethemostexpensivewetterhealthierbest40/51Beijingersaretrue__________totheworld.(friend)2.Look!How__________Kittyislaughing!(happy)3.IthinkJulyis______thananyothermonthinourcountry.(hot)4.Shealwayslistenstotheteacher_________inclass.(care)5.Theparkisoneofthe______________parksinBeijing.(beautiful)6.ShespeaksEnglish,butnotas_______ashisbrother.(good)7.Iwas__________bythe_________sound.(frightened,frightening)8.Themusicsounds____________.(beautiful,beautifully)9.Don’tmakesomuchnoise,oryouwillwakeupthe_________boy.(sleeping,asleep)10.Yesterday’sconcertwaswonderful.I’veneverheardsuchan_________onebefore.(excited,exciting)Practisefriendlyhappilyhottercarefullymostbeautifulwellfrightenedfrighteningbeautifulsleepingexciting41/51Therebe构造肯定句：Thereis/wasa…Thereare/were…一般疑问句:Is/Wasthere…?Yes,thereis/was.No,thereisn’t/was.Arethere…?Yes,thereare/were.No,therearen’t/weren’t.否认句：Thereisn’t/wasn’t….Therearen’t/weren’t….Therebe表达“存在有”,即当我们告诉某人某事存在(或不存在)常用这种构造。其中there是引导词,本身无词义;be为谓语动词,背面跟是名词,也就是主语,也就是说therebe构造利用也就是倒装详细利用。其真正主语在therebe之后。42/51Therebe构造Some和any

一般情况下，some用于肯定句中，any用于否认句中。如：

Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Therearen’tanypicturesonthewall.Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?3.特殊疑问句：What’sinthebasket?Therearesomeeggsinit.2)Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Therearefiftystudents.2.Be动词与背面所跟名词就近标准：

Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox.Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.43/51Practise1．There________

noteainthecup．

A．is

B．are

C．has

D．be2．There

________inthenextroom．

A．isTom

B．aresomeboysC．arethey

D．istheboy3．Thereissome

________

ontheplate．

A．apple

B．bread

C．banana

D．sandwich4．There________

somepaperandapenonthedesk．

A．is

B．are

C．have

D．has5．There'sgoingto________

intomorrow'snewspapers．

A．havesomethingnew

B．havenewsomething

C．besomethingnew

D．benewsomething6．Thereissomemilkinthebottle，________？

A．isn'tthere

B．aren'tthere

C．isn'tit

D．arethere7．________isthereonthetable？

A．Howmanyapples

B．Howmuchbread

C．Howmuchbreads

D．Howmanyfood8．Thereis________

oldwomaninthecar．

A．×

B．a

C．the

D．anABBACAAD44/519．There's________

orangetreebehind________

house．

A．an；the

B．a；a

C．the；the10．Thereis

_____mapintheclassroom．____mapisonthewall．

A．a；A

B．the；The

C．a；The

D．the；A11．Thereis____“f”and_____“u”intheword“four”．

A．an；a

B．a；a

C．an；an

D．a；an12．There______

notanywaterintheglass．

A．has

B．is

C．are13．There________

anappleandtenbananasinthebasket．Youcantakeanyofthem．

A．are

B．is

C．has

D．have14．________anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet？

A．Isthere

B．Arethere

C．Has

D．Have15．Thereislittlewaterintheglass，________？

A．isn'tthereB．isn'tit

C．isit

D．isthere16．There________

somewaterinthebottle．

A．are

B．is

C．has

D．have17．Howmany

________arethereinyourclassroom？

A．desks

B．desk

C．chair

D．doorACABBBDBA45/51“Wh”疑问句What——1)What’sthis/that?2)What’syourname?3)Whatareyoudoing?