英语词类-句类市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件

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BasicSentenceElementsSentencepatternsBasicClauseTypesDrilling英语词类句子成份句子类型句子种类巩固练习1/30PartofSpeech

英语词类

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1名词：nouns(n.)表示人或者事物名称。e.g.studentbook2动词：verbs(v.)表示动作或状态，通常做谓语。e.g.readknow

3形容词：adjectives(adj.)表人或事物特征，修饰名词或代词。

e.g.big,dangerous4副词：adverbs(adv./ad.)表示动作特征或者性状特征，修饰动词或形容词。e.g.carefully,very3/305数词：numerals(num.)表数目或次序。能够分为序数词和基数词。基数词序数词基数词序数词onefirsttwosecondthreethirdfourfourthfivefifthsixsixthsevenseventheighteighthnineninthtententhtwelvetwelfth

twentytwentiethtwenty-onetwenty-first

ninetyninetiethonehundredonehundredth

4/306代词：（pronouns(pron.)代替名词，数词等。e.g.they,many注意代词主格和宾格形式主格宾格全部格全部格（做主语）（做宾语）（adj.）（n.）Imemymineweusourouryouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitstheythemtheirtheirs5/307冠词:articles(art.)用在名词前帮助说明其意义。e.g.a,an表示不定指;the表示定指8介词：prepositions(prep.)用在代词，名词等前面，说明它与别词之间关系。e.g.forfromon9连词：conjunctions(conj.)用在连接词与词或者句与句。e.g.andifbut10感叹词：interjections(interj.)表示说话时感情或口气。e.g.ohah6/30

I

leftthedelicious

meat

onthetable

and

thedoghaseaten

it

quickly.7/30句子成份（BasicSentenceElements）句子成份:组成一个句子各个功效不一样部分句子成份有:主、谓、宾、定、状、补、同位语等

e.g.Thechildcried.Iloveyou.Iamastudent.8/30主语句子主体,谓语陈说对象.谓语说明主语所做动作或状态。谓语主要由动词担当表语位于连系动词后面，表示主语性质、特征和身份等宾语表示动作承受者，带两个宾语时，有直接宾语和间接宾语之分定语用于修辞名、代词，主要由形容词充当状语用于修辞动词、形容词、其它状语或全句。普通由副词或介词短语来充当补语用于补充说明主语或宾语意义或特征，有主语补语和宾语补语之分9/301.主语(subject):句子主体,谓语陈说对象.主语可由名、代、数、不定式、动名词、从句等充当.

Sheiswritingaletter.

Thepalaceflowersputforththeirblossomsinsilentneglect.

WhethershewillsupportClintoninthescandalisstillaquestion.2.谓语(predicate)：说明主语所做动作或状态。谓语主要由动词担当.如:Thebirdshaveflownawayfromeveryhill.Afishermanangledsilentlyintherivercoveredwithsnow.10/303.表语(predicative):位于连系动词后面，表示主语性质、特征和身份等，主要由名、代、形容、不定式、动名词、分词、从句等充当.如：SheisabeautifulgirlThehospitalissmall.4.宾语（object):表示动作承受者，宾语能够由名、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当。在一些句子中一些及物动词能够带两个宾语；这两个宾语普通有一个是表示物名词或代词（称为直接宾语）；另一个是表示人名词或代词（称为间接宾语）。如：Sheshowedmethephoto.11/305.定语(attribute):用于修辞名、代词。主要由名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、从句等充当。如：HerhouseisverysmallEveryoneinthehospitalworkshard6.状语（adverbial):用于修辞动词、形容词、其它状语或全句。它常由副词、不定式、分词、从句等。如：Shegoestoschoolveryearly.HeleftforBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.7.补语（complement):用于补充说明主语或宾语意义或特征，所以有了主语补语和宾语补语之分。补语常由名词、形容词、不定式、分词等充当。如：Theirwallswerepaintedpink.ShetoldherhusbandtomeetheratthestationHiswordsmakemecomfortable12/308.同位语（appositive):用于对前面名词或代词作深入说明，通常说明其身份、称呼等，也能够对一个抽象名词作详细说明，表明其内容。同位语可由名词代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当。如：Theirtask,planting500trees,wasfinishedintime.ThisismybrotherBorisYeltsin.9.独立成份：独立成份与句中其它成份没什么联络，惯用逗号与其它部分分开。独立成份有插入语（parenthesis)、呼语(vocative)、感叹语(exclamation)等。如：Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikethefilmatall.Sitdown,Mary.Alas,ournationalfootballteamfailedagain.13/30基本句型(BasicSentencePatterns)1.SV(S:subject,V:verb)(主语+谓语),主谓句型Thestudentshaveleft.Herunsquickly2.SVP(P:predicative)(主语+系动词+表语),主系表句型Sheisakindperson.Hecankeepcalminanysituation.3.SVO(O:object)(主语+动词+宾语),主谓宾句型Iloveyou.A“passwordhacker”knowshowtosearchforsomeoneelse’spassword.14/304.SVOO(主语+动词+直接宾语+间接宾语),主谓宾宾句型。Hegavemeabook.Hegaveabooktome.5.SVOC(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语C:complement),主谓宾补句型。Thestudentskeeptheirclassroomtidyandclean.Youcan’tpersuadehimtogiveuphisstupididea.15/30SV,SVP,SVO,SVOO,SVOCHewalksslowly.IconsiderHenrymyclosestfriendMr.LitaughtmehowtoplanttreesYesterdaywasmyfather’sbirthday.NowweallstudyEnglishseriouslyIhavemywatchmended.Haveyoutoldthemanythingaboutthematter?SV(主谓)SVOC(主谓宾补)SVOO(主谓宾宾)SVP(主系表)SVOC(主谓宾补)SVOC(主谓宾补)SVOO(主谓宾宾)16/30句子种类17/30

按照说话目标，能够分为四类：1）陈说句Shemayberight.2)疑问句Whereareyoufrom?3)祈使句Givemethebook,please.4)感叹句Whataniceviewfromthewindow!Howsillyyouare!18/30陈说句必定陈说句否定陈说句Iamastudent.Iamnotastudent.19/30疑问句1.普通疑问句(Yes-noQuestion)2.特殊疑问句(Wh-Question)3.选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestion)4.反义疑问句(TagQuestion)20/30普通疑问句Vs特殊疑问句1.普通疑问句(是非问句,用yes,no回答)Isthereanythingwrongwithyourwatch?Hasmywatchbeenmendedyet?Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee?Haven’tyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?-Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavenot.Isn’titabeautifullake?Isn’tyoursisteraclevergirl?还能够表示对美好事物感叹21/302.特殊疑问句(wh-问句)通常以who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等词开头正常语序:Whophonedlastnight?Whoselighterfellonthefloor?Whathappenedlastnight?倒状语序:Who(m)areyoutalkingwith?Whatdoesyourbrotherdo?Whereisheliving?Whendidheleave?22/303.选择疑问句1)以普通疑问句为基础AreyougoingtoelectHenryorRichard?ShallIgiveyouahand,orcanyoumanage?Wouldyouratherwaitorcomelate?2)以特殊疑问句为基础Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee?Howshallwegothere?Bybusorbytrain?23/304.反意疑问句Thatclockisslow,isn’tit?反意疑问句要注意几点：1）有否定词句子，反意问句要用必定。Johnhasneverbeenontime,

?hasJohnB.hasn’tJohnC.hasheD.hasn’the

Fewofthemknowthatsecret,dothey?Heseldomdoesmorningexercise,doeshe?

No,never,noone,none,nothing,few,little,hardly,scarcely,rarely,neither.24/302)祈使句反意疑问句,疑问部分通惯用willyou.

Givemesomeadvice,will(won’t)you?用willyou能够使祈使句语气变缓解，更象一个请求。用won’tyou惯用来提醒某人E.g.Gohomenow,won’tyou?否定句中只能用‘willyou’Don’tspitinpublicplaces,willyou?3)let’s和letusLet’sgoswimming,shallwe?Letusgoswimming,willyou?25/304)当主语是everyone,everybody,someone,noone,nobody,somebody等结合词时,附加问句主语用he或they.Nobodywantstogothere,doeshe?Noneoftheboyscandoit,canhe?Nooneisinterestedinthis,arethey?

26/305)当主语是everything,something,anything,nothing等表示物不定代词时,附加问句主语用iteg.Nothingintheworldiseasy,isit?

6)陈说部分是I’m结构话,附加疑问句普通用aren’tI

I’mlate,aren’tI?27/307)陈说句动词是表示愿望wish时，后面疑问部分用mayeg.Iwishtogototheparty,mayI?8)假如陈说句是一个主从复合句，那么疑问部分谓语应该和主句谓语动词保持一致；（注意：假如主句是Ithink,Ihope,Isuppose,Ibelieve时，疑问部分谓语应和从句保持一致）It’sthethirdtimehehasbeenlate,isn’tit?Idon’tthinkyouareastudent,areyou?28/301.Th