牛津深圳版七年级上下册英语-语法教案及练习：第4讲-介词

牛津深圳版七年级上下册英语语法教案及练习专题学习-代词【导入】FunnystoryAnOldWomanandaBoyAnoldwomanwantstogotoNewYorktoseeherson.Shegetsupearlyandgetstothestationatnineo’clockinthemorning.Whendoesthetraincomeandleave?Sheisveryworried.Shestopsaboyandaskshim.Theboylooksatthewomanandsays,“tu:tu:tu:”.Theoldwomansitsinachairandthinksandthinks.Thenshesays,”Oh,Isee.”【重点讲解】介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。知识点1介词的分类分类说明例词按照构词分类简单介词由一个单词构成的介词at在……;before在…..之前，beside…旁边;between在…中间；for为了，对于;in在…里面，by在……附近;on在……上;with和……，用……合成介词由两个词合成在一起构成的介词into到……里;inside在……里面;onto在之上;nearby在……附近;without没有，不;within在……之内短语介词由一个词组构成的，起介词作用的短语from...to到……里，inside在…….里面，;becauseof因为:infrontof在……中间nextto紧挨着;inthemiddle在……..中间按照词义分类时间介词after在……之后;at在……(点)，before在……之前;by到…...;during在……期间;;in在……(段));until直到…地点介词above在……上方;among在……中间;behind在……后面;below在……下方;off从……离开;above:在……正上方;under在……下面方向介词across横穿……;into到……里;onto到……之上;through穿过……，to到；;towards朝方式介词by借助，in用，with用……其他介词beside:包括……在内;except除了……;dueto由于…;insteadof而不是知识点2时间介词介词用法例句/常用短语at①表示在某个时刻或是瞬间②用在节假日前表示“在……期间”③用于某些固定搭配Iusuallygetupathalfpastsix.BillgotalotofpresentsatChristmas.atnoon;atnight;atmidnighton表示在具体的某一天或具体到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等IlikevisitingfriendsonSundays.Theaccidenthappenedonarainyevening.in①用于月份、季节、年、年代、世纪等②泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上③“in+时间段”，表示“在……之后”，常用于一般将来时态inJanuary;insummer;inthe1990sinthemorning/afternoon/eveningShesaysthathermotherwillbeback____________________(两个小时后).during在……期间duringthesummerholidaysbefore在……之前Hewillbebackbeforesuppertime.after①“after+具体时刻”表示“在……之后”②“after+时间段”不与将来时连用。afterthreeo’clock/lunch/AugustHewillarrive______(after/in)anhour.since后接时间点或过去时的句子，表示“自从……以来”HehastaughtEnglishsince2001.Ihaven’tseenhimsinceheleftlasttime.for后接时间段，表示“持续一段时间”Hehaslivedhereforeightyears.till/until①表示持续到某个时候②not…until…意为“直到……才”Itmaylasttill/untilnextFriday.Wecan’tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.fromfrom…to…意为“从……到……”WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.by①表示“在……之前”、“不迟于”②表示“到……为止”Youmustbeherebyteno’clocktomorrow.bytheendoflastyear/nextyear;bynow练一练：1.Childrengetgifts____Christmas(圣诞节)and____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on2.Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since3.Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during4.Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of5.Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still6.Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on7.Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at知识点3地点、方位介词介词图示意义例句1in在……之内Thestudentsarereadingintheclassroom.学生们在教室里读书。2on在……上面Theboatisontheriver.那条船在河上。3beneath在……下面(紧贴着表面)Thesunisnowbeneaththehorizon.太阳此刻落到地平线下了。4over在……（正）上方Thereareseveralbridgesovertheriver.河上有好几座桥。5under在……（正）下方Theboatsailedunderthebridge.船在桥下行驶。6above在……上方Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.飞机在云上飞行。7below在……下方Thesunsinksbelowthehorizon.太阳沉没在地平线下。8by/beside在……旁边Tomissittingby/besidethewindow.汤姆坐在窗户的旁边。9near在……附近Idon’tneedacarbecauseIlivenearthecitycentre.我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。介词图示意义例句10nextto紧挨……Mybestfriendsitsnexttomeinclass.上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。11behind在……后面Olivehidbehindatree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。12outside在……外面Heparkedhiscaroutsidethetheater.他把汽车停在剧场外面。13to到……去Wewalkedtothefruitshop.我们步行到水果店。14from从……来WetraveledtoLondonfromEdinburgh.我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。15(a)round围绕……Weallsataroundthetable.我们都围绕着桌子坐。16between在……之间（指二者）TheletterBisbetweenAandC.字母B在A和C之间。17among在……之间（指三者或三者以上）Thehousestandsamongthetrees.房子在树丛中。18across横过、越过(从表面跨过)Iftheroadisbusy,don’twalkacrossit.如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。19through穿过……(从内部穿过)Wedrovethroughthetunnel.我们开车穿过了隧道。20past/by从旁边经过/路过……Iwentpast/byabakeryonmywayhome.我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店。21onto到……上Themenliftthebasketsontothetrucks.人们把篮子运上卡车。22into到……里Theyputtheapplesintothebaskets.他们把苹果放进篮子里。23outof从……出来Don’tlookoutofthewindowinclass.上课时不要朝窗外看。24along沿着Walkalongthisstreet,thenturnleft,youcanseethepostoffice.沿着这条街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到邮局。at,in,on表示地点的用法：①at表地点时，指空间位置上的某一点，后面常接小地方。atthebusstop；②in表地点时，指在某一立体空间范围内，后面接大地方。inshanghai；③on表地点时，指某物与另一物表面相接触，或与某地方接壤等。onthetable等。in,on,to表示方位的用法：①范围之内用in；②相邻、接壤用on；③不相邻或隔海相望用to。知识点4手段、方法介词介词用法例句/常用短语by①by+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具”②bydoingsth.：“通过某种方式”Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.in①in+语言类名词：“用某种语言”②in+工具：“用某种工具或材料”CanyousayitinEnglish?Don’twriteitinpencil.Writeitinink.with①with+工具：“用某种工具或材料”②withthehelpof…：“在……的帮助下”Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen.Withthehelpofhim,Iwonthematch.on通过某个设备Helistenstomusicontheradio.知识点5其他常用介词介词用法例句/常用短语about①大约②“关于”，只表示“和……有关”Thereareabout60pupilsinmyclass.Iwanttotellyouastoryaboutanimals.on“关于”，多表示内容具有专门性，是严肃的和学术性的It’sabookonanimals.这是一本论及动物的书。(学术专著)like“像……一样”Hetalkedtomelikehisfather.as“作为；以……的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务的名词Asavolunteer,Imusttrymybesttohelpyouwithyourproblems.except“除……之外”，指从整体中除去一部分WeareallhereexceptLiMing.（李明不在这儿）besides“除……之外还有（包括在内）”WeareallherebesidesLiMing.（李明在这儿）with表示伴随，意为“和……一起”Iwenttoplanttreeswithmyfriends.without表示“没有”，常作状语Heleftwithoutsayingaword.for①表示目的，意为“为了”②表示原因、理由Hecamehereforacupoftea.Sanyaisfamousfor“TianyaHaijiao”.towards“朝……方向”Adogisrunningtowardsme.off“离开，脱离”Keepoffthegrass.勿踏草地。against靠着；反对Heissleepingsoundlyagainstatree.insteadof“代替”IwentswimminginsteadofwatchingTV.becauseof“因为……”，表示原因Ididn’tgooutbecauseofthebadweather.【课堂小结】介词的分类:________________________________________________时间介词:________________________________________________地点，方位介词:________________________________________________表示方法，手段介词:________________________________________________其他常见介词:________________________________________________【真题链接】()1.AstwowomenwalkedintoaNewJerseyhospital,theylaughed.Itshowedthelovethathadheldthemtogether__26__fortyyearsasbestfriends.A.inB.forC.sinceD.with()2.Icouldn’tdoit________yourgreathelp.Thanksalot!A.withB.withoutC.forD.to()3.Thesmallerpotatoesmovedtothebottom,thelargerpotatoesrosetothetopandthemediumpotatoesrested13themiddle.A．on B．in C．with D．buy()4.“Goandmakemeacupofteaforastart,__8__sugarandmilk,”Grandmasaid.

A.inB.withC.ofD.for【实战演练】选择正确答案()1.Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswim______thelake.A.across B.under C.over D.through()2.HeilongjiangProvinceis_____thenortheastofChina.A.to B.inC.on D.at()3.Jimsitsbehindme,soIsit______him.A.atthetopof B.attheendof C.inthemiddleof D.infrontof()4.MoreandmorepeopleinShanghaichoosetogotowork______underground.A.in B.with C.by D.for()5.Gina,what’sthis______English? A.by B.for C.in D.with()6.Wecansavemoney______cookingourownmealsinsteadofeatingoutside. A.by B.to C.for D.with()7.—Doyourememberwhatshelookedlikewhenyoufirstmether?—Ofcourse.Shewastallandthin______longhair.A.in B.with C.on D.for()8.Wildanimalsareourfriends.Weshouldn’tkillthem______foodorclothing. A.in B.with C.about D.for阅读理解AOnedayJohntooktwoofhisfriendsintothemountains.Theyputuptheirtents(帐篷)andthenrodeofftoaforesttoseehowthetreesweregrowing.Intheafternoonwhentheywereabouttenkilometresfromtheircamp(营地),itstartedtosnow.Moreandmoresnowfell.SoonBobcouldhardlyseehishandsbeforehisface.Hecouldnotfindtheroad.Johnknewthereweretworoads.Oneroadwenttothecamp,andtheotherwenttohishouse.Butallwaswhitesnow.Everythingwasthesame.Howcouldhetakehisfriendsbacktothecamp?Johnhadanidea.Thehorses!Letthehorsestakethemback!Butwhatwouldhappenifthehorsestooktheroadtohishouse?Thatwouldbeatripofthirty-fivekilometresinsuchcoldweather!Itwasgettinglate.Theyrodeon(一直骑)andon.Atlastthehorsesstopped.Wherewerethey?Noneofthemcouldtell.Johnlookedaround（环顾四周）.Whatwasthatunderthetree?Itwasoneoftheirtents!()1.Johnandhistwofriendswenttotheforestto____. A.buildtheircampB.findtheirwayhome C.enjoythemountainsinthesnowD.watchthetreesintheforest()2.Theycouldnotfindtheirwaybackbecause____. A.therewasonlyoneroadtotheircamp B.theycouldn'tdecidewhichofthetworoadsledtotheirtents C.therewerenoroadsinthemountainsatall D.everythingwascoveredbythewhitesnow()3.Itisclearthattheywantedthehorsestotakethemto____. A.John'shouse

B.thecampC.theforest

D.themountains()4.Thehorsesstoppedbecause____.A.itwasgettinglateB.theyweretiredafterrunningforalongwayC.theyknewthattheyhadgottothecampD.theyhadseenJohn'shouse()5.Thestoryhappened____.A.onacoldwinterdayB.onadarksnowyeveningC.inacoldcampfarfromvillagesD.atnightwhennothingcouldbeseenBMr.Johnswentintohisteashopagainonemorning,andsatononeoftheseatsatthecounter(柜台).Manyotherpeoplealsocamein,butmostofthemdidnotstaylong.Afterfifteenminutes,ayoungmanandayoungwomancamein.Therewereonlytwoemptyseatsatthecounter;oneonMr.Johns’left,andtheotheronhisright.Theyoungmansatonone,andtheyoungwomanontheother,butMr.Johnsimmediately(立刻)askedtochangeplaceswithhimsothatthemanandthewomancouldbetogether.“Oh,thatisn’tnecessary(需要),”theyoungwomansaid.ButMr.Johnsinsisted(坚持).Whentheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanweresittingsidebyside,theyoungmansaidtoher,“well,thiskindoldmanwantedustosittogether,somayIintroduce(介绍)myself?Myname’sjack.What’syours?”()1.OnemorningMr.Johnscameintotheteashopand_______________.A.satclosetothecounterB.foundnoseatforhimtositonbecausemanypeoplecamealsoC.seemedtostaylongerthanalltheotherpeopleD.gavehisseattotheyoungmanandtheyoungwomen()2.Aftertheyoungmanandtheyoungwomancamein______________.A.Mr.JohnsthoughttheycametooearlyB.Mr.JohnsthoughttheywerefriendsorhusbandandwifeC.TheyoungmanaskedMr.JohnstochangeplacesD.theywantedtobetogether()3.Whentheyoungwomansaid,“thatisn’tnecessary.”Mr.Johns_______________.A.didn’tunderstandherB.knewwellwhatshemeantC.wasafraidnottochangeplaceswithherD.decidedtostayalittlelonger()4.___________________beforeMr.Johnsmetthemintheteashop.A.TheyoungmangottoknowtheyoungwomanoutsideB.Theyoungmanandtheyoungwo