up and reading7人教版必修puter教学设计

Unit3ComputerPeriod1:WarmingupandTotalkaboutToreadaboutWarmingupbytalkingaboutLookatthepicturesonpage17.Whatarethey?Whatdotheyhaveincommon?Yes,theyarecomputers.Thenwhatisacomputer?Acomputerisamachinewhichstoresknowledgeinitsmemoryanddoescalculationsonthatknowledge.Thisknowledgeisstoredinsymbols;itiscalleddata.Acomputerusuallyhasamonitortoshowresults.However,somecomputerscanspeak;thesecomputerscanbeusedforvoicemail.Acomputerfrequentlyrequiresabootdevice.Thebootdevicecontainsthecomputer’soperatingsystemanddata.Computerprogramscanbeinstalledontoacomputer.SomepeoplethinkthatcomputersarelessusefuliftheydonothaveaccesstotheInternet.TheythinkthisbecausetheInternetallowsthecomputerstosendandreceivedataandemailacrosstheworld.Acomputerisnowalmostalwaysanelectronicdevice.Itusuallycontainsmaterialswhicharetoxic;thesematerialswillbecometoxicwastewhendisposedof.Whenanewcomputerispurchasedinsomeplaces,lawsrequirethatthecostofitswastemanagementmustalsobepaidfor.Thisiscalledproductstewardship.Insomecountriesoldcomputersarerecycled(melteddown)togetgoldandothermetals.Thisisdangerous,becausethisprocedurereleasesthetoxicwasteintothewaterandsoil.Computersbecomeobsoletequickly.Veryoftentheyaregivenawayandnewonesreplacethemwithintwoorthreeyears.Thismakestheproblemworse.Computerrecyclingisthuscommon.Manyprojectstrytosendworkingcomputerstodevelopingnationssotheycanbere-usedandwillnotbecomewasteasquickly.ComputerComputerjargonComputerjargonmeanswordstodowithcomputersandsurroundingtopics.Knowingwhatthesewordsmeancanhelpyouknowmoreaboutcomputers.Somepeopleusethesewordstoimpressotherpeople(Alsoknownasbuzzwords).ExamplesofBit-Thesmallestdataunit,caneitherbea“0.”oraByte-unitofdata.SeealsoKilobyte,Megabyte,GigabyteandCPU–CentralProcessingUnit,AnothernameforData-InformationstoredonaDisk-AplacetostoreEmail-ElectronicGHz-Gigahertz.Usedoftenincorrectlytodescribethespeedofaprocessor.Butwithsome2.4GHzprocessorsfasterthan3.6GHzones,itisclearthatitisjustasalesmantrick.Load-GetdatafromaNibble-HalfaSave-PutdataonaRAMrandom-accessmemory(随机存取存储器themoretheUSBUniversalSerialBus（通用串行总线，一种简化了插接多种附件的薄型插座WWW-WorldWideWeb,partoftheQuestioningandansweringWhatdoyouknowaboutElectronicmachinecapableofperformingcalculationsandothermanipulationsofvarioustypesofdata,underthecontrolofastoredsetofinstructions.Themachineitselfisthehardware;theinstructionsaretheprogramorsoftware.Dependinguponsize,computersarecalledmainframes,minicomputers,andmicrocomputers.Microcomputersincludedesk-topandportablepersonalcomputers.Amulti-functionelectronicdevicethatcanexecuteinstructionstoperformaAdevicethatacceptsinformation,processesit,andsuppliesanoutput.Acomputerusuallycontainsmemory,acontrolunit,arithmeticandlogicalunits,andameansforinputandoutput.aprogrammablehardwarecomponentthatiscontrolledbyinternallystoredprogramsandthatcanperformsubstantialcomputations(includingarithmeticandlogicoperations)withouthumanintervention.Acomputertypicallyconsistsofoneormoreprocessingunits,memoryunits,andassociatedperipheralinputandoutputdevices.Relatedtoautomationandelectronicdataprocessing.TheLibraryofCongresscommonlyclassesmostcomputer-relatedbooksinHF5548,QA75-76,Z52,T385,andsomeTKranges.amachineforperformingcalculationscalculator:anexpertatcalculation(oratoperatingcalculatingAcomputerisadeviceormachineformakingcalculationsorcontrollingoperationsthatareexpressibleinnumericalorlogicalterms.Computersareconstructedfromcomponentsthatperformsimplewell-definedfunctions.Thecomplexinteractionsofthesecomponentsendowcomputerswiththeabilitytoprocessinformation.Ifcorrectlyconfigured(usuallyby,programming)acomputercanbemadetorepresentsomeaspectofaproblemorpartofasystem.IfacomputerconfiguredinthiswayisgiveDiscussingandsharingHowhavecomputerschangedourSomedaysoon,ifyouhaven’talready,you’relikelytoplugintothecomputernetworknationgrowinginourmidst.Computerterminals,orsmallcomputersconnectedviamodem(amodulator/demodulatorcircuitforencoding/decodingcomputerchatter)toordinarytelephonelines,shouldbeasubiquitousasthetelephoneitself.They’reamuchmoreusefulandhumanetoolthanthephone,andwithcorporateAmericabehindthemthenetworkswillbeeverywherechangingourlivesmorethananytechnologysincetheJoiningacomputernetworkisthesameasjoiningacommunity.Smallsystemsarelikevillages,wherenewmembersareformallywelcomed.Thelargernetworks,theSourceandCompuServe,forexample,arecities-anonymous,fulloflifeandevents,butdifficulttofitinto.ListeningandreadingtotherecordingofthetextWHOAMTurntopage18andlistenandreadtotherecordingofthetext.Payattentiontothepauses,pronunciationandintonationofthenativereader.ReadingaloudandunderliningNowwearetoreadthetextonceagainandunderlinealltheexpressionsinthetext.PutdownintoyournotebookafterclassasCollocationsCollocationsfromWHOAMbeginas…,acalculatingmachine,bebuiltas…,atthattime,atechnologicalrevolution,thestartofartificialintelligence,writeabook,bemadetowork,problems,fromthenon,growanylarger,Astimewentby,gobackto…,bemadethrough…,beputinto…,providehumanswith…,dealwith…,trulyfilledwith…Reading,identifyingand（online（Tochat（online（Tochatistotalkaboutordinarythingsthatarenotveryimportant.Youcanchattoonepersonortomanypeople.PeoplealsousethiswordnowforpartsoftheInternetwherewecantalkwithmanydifferentpeopleatthesametime.Usually,youchatontheinternetinachatroomormessagingservicelikeAOL(AmericanOn-Line)InstantMessenger(AIM),YahooorMSNInThecomputerbeganasacalculatingInTheanalyticalInThecomputerbeganasacalculatingInTheanalyticalmachinewasmadebyCharlesInThecomputergrewrapidlybothinsizeinThecomputerhadgrownaslargeasaInThefirstfamilyofcomputerwasconnectedtoeachInComputerswereusedinofficesandComputersconnectpeopleallovertheReadthetextagainandcompletethechartOvertimeIalot. Sincethe asmyhavebeenfoundfor spacehighqualityPeriod2:LearningaboutTolearntouseThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceTodiscoverusefulwordsandexpressionTodiscoverusefulWarmingupbyreadingtotheTobeginwith,turntopage18,listeningtoandreadingtotherecordingofthetextWHOAMAttentiongoestothepausesandintonation,aswellasthepronunciationoftheInpairsdotheexercises1,2and3onpages20.Youmustfinishthemin10LearningaboutPassiveSimpleTheTOEFLexamisgiveneverysixSimpleTheTOEFLexamwasgivenlastSimpleTheTOEFLexamthisyearwillbegivenonPresentTheTOEFLexamisbeinggiveneveryPresentTheTOEFLexamhasbeengiveneveryyearsincePastTheTOEFLexamhadbeengivenbeforetheVietnamWarSimpleTheTOEFLexamshouldbegiventoeveryForeignPastTheTOEFLexamshouldhavebeengiventoalltoenterUSThePresentPerfectPassiveThestructureofThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceis:have/has＋ReadingaloudandSincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenSincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundfor…asalaptop,IhavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincetheDiscoveringusefulWeshalldogrammarexercises1,2and3onpageClosingdownbydoingaCorrectthemistakesinthesepassivevoiceExample:Thehousewasbuildin1880.(correct=Thehousewasbuiltin3000employeeswerelayingAstorywillmadeAnideawasputtedforwardforHasthebookbeengivebacktoyouMybankloanwillbepayedoffinfiveyearsNothingcanbeholdagainstOurallieswillbelendShehasneverheardShewasbeingknockeddownbyaShewaslettedoffwithaThecandlewasblowoutbytheThecriminalwerelockedThefloodwaterwasbekeptbackbyTheinconveniencewillmadeupforbythisThekeysmusthavebeenbeingleftTheoldcinemaisbeingpullTheprotestersbeingheldbackbytheTheroadwasblockingThirtymorepeoplewerelaidofflastYourjacketcanbehangedupoverPeriod3:UsingTodiscussaboutTowriteareportaboutToreadaboutandroidsorWarmingupbytalkingaboutWhatisInformationInformationtechnology(IT)orinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)isthetechnologyrequiredforinformationprocessing.Inparticulartheuseofelectroniccomputersandcomputersoftwaretoconvert,protect,process,transmit,andretrieveinformationfromanywhere,Turntopage22.DiscussinpairswhatITconsistsofandthenmakealist.ListentothetextaboutdifferentkindsofinformationtechnologyorIT,discussandwritedowningroupstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachkind.Reading,speakingandpartofafootballteam,onceayear,gettogether,playafootballgame,partofafootballteam,onceayear,gettogether,playafootballgame,beas…as…,infat,looklike…,onthefootballteam,runfast,thinklikeahuman,shoutto…,incomputerlanguage,haveagoodshotforagoal,getsecondplace,winthefirstplace,haveanewkindofprogram,improveone’sintelligence,createabettersystem,playagainstahumanteam,inaway,program…with…,makeup…,afterall,withthehelpSpeakingandSupposeyouandyourpartneraregoingtohelpchoosecomputersforyourschool.Nowtalkaboutthespecialthingseachofthecomputercandoandwriteareporttoyourheadmaster.WritingaSupposeyouareanandroid.WhatwouldsaytoaspoiledchildwhowouldnotdohisWritealettertotheAnandroidisanartificiallycreatedbeingthatresemblesahumanbeing.ThewordderivesfromGreekAndr-‘man,human’andthesuffix-eidesusedtomean‘ofthespecies,kind,alike’(fromeidos‘species’).Theworddroid,arobotintheStarWarsuniverse,isderivedfromthismeaning.Somepeoplemaintainthat,etymologically,thewordandroidmeansresemblingamalehumanandthatarobotresemblingawomanshouldlogicallybecalledagynoidforsexistlanguagetobeavoided;however,thiswordisnotcommonlyused.Unlikethetermsrobot(amechanicalbeing)andcyborg(abeingthatispartlyorganicandpartlymechanical),thewordandroidhasbeenusedinliteratureandothermediatodenoteseveraldifferentkindsofman-made,autonomouscreations:arobotthatcloselyresemblesahumanacyborgthatcloselyresemblesahumananartificiallycreated,yetprimarilyorganic,beingthatcloselyresemblesaAlthoughessentiallyhumanmorphologyisnottheidealformforworkingrobots,thefascinationindevelopingrobotsthatcanmimicitcanbefoundhistoricallyintheassimilationoftwoconcepts:simulacra(devicesthatexhibitlikeness)andautomata(devicesthathaveThetermandroidwasfirstusedbytheFrenchauthorMathiasVilliersdel'Isle-Adam(1838-1889)inhisworkTomorrow’sEve,featuringaman-madehuman-likerobotnamedHadaly.Assaidbytheofficerinthestory,“InthisageofRealienadvancement,whoknowswhatgoesoninthemindofthoseresponsibleforthesemechanicaldolls.”ComputerToaccomplishataskusingacomputer,youneedacombinationofhardware,software,andHardwareconsistsofdevices,likethecomputeritself,themonitor,keyboard,printer,mouseandspeakers.Insideyourcomputertherearemorebitsofhardware,includingthemotherboard,whereyouwouldfindthemainprocessingchipsthatmakeupthecentralprocessingunit(CPU).Thehardwareprocessesthecommandsitreceivesfromthesoftware,andperformstasksorcalculations.Softwareisthenamegiventotheprogramsthatyouinstallonthecomputertoperformcertaintypesofactivities.Thereisoperatingsystemsoftware,suchastheAppleOSforasoftware,likethegamesweplayorthetoolsweusetocomposelettersordomathproblems.Youprovidetheinput.Whenyoutypeacommandorclickonanicon,youaretellingthewhattodo.ThatiscalledFirst,youprovideinputwhenyouturnonthecomputer.ThenthesystemsoftwaretellstheCPUtostartupcertainprogramsandtoturnonsomehardwaredevicessothattheyarereadyformoreinputfromyou.Thiswholeprocessiscalledbootingup.Thenextstephappenswhenyouchooseaprogramyouwanttouse.Youclickontheiconorenteracommandtostarttheprogram.Let’susetheexampleofanInternetbrowser.Oncetheprogramhasstarted,itisreadyforyourinstructions.Youeitherenteranaddress(calledaURL,whichstandsforUniformResourceLocator),orclickonanaddressyou’vesavedalready.Ineithercase,thecomputernowknowswhatyouwantittodo.Thebrowsersoftwarethengoesouttofindthataddress,startingupotherhardwaredevices,suchasamodem,whenitneedsthem.Ifitisabletofindthecorrectaddress,thebrowserwillthentellyourcomputertosendtheinformationfromthewebpageoverthephonewireorcabletoyourcomputer.Eventually,youseethewebsiteyouwerelookingIfyoudecideyouwanttoprintthepage,youclickontheprintericon.Again,youhaveinputtotellthecomputerwhattodo.Thebrowsersoftwaredetermineswhetheryouhaveaprinterattachedtoyourcomputer,andwhetheritisturnedon.Itmayremindyoutoturnontheprinter,thensendtheinformationaboutthewebpagefromyourcomputeroverthecabletotheprinter,whereitisprintedout.OldportableAtelevision(alsoTVortelly)isadevice(tool)withascreenthatreceivesbroadcastsignalsandturnsthemintopicturesandsound.Theword“television”comesfromthewordstele(Greekforfaraway)andvision(seeing).UsuallyaTVlookslikeabox.OlderTVshadlargewoodenframesandsatonthefloorlikefurniture.NewerTVsbecamesmallersotheycouldfitonshelves,orevenportablesoyoucouldtakeitwithyouwhereveryouwent.ThesmallestTVscanfitinyourhand.ThelargestTVscantakeupawholewallinyourhouse,andmaysitonthefloor,orbejustalargeflatscreenthatcanbemountedonthewall.ManyTVsarenowmadeinwidescreenshapelikemovietheatrescreens,ratherthanold,moresquareTVs.Atelevisionhasanantenna(oraerial),orithasacable.Thisgetsthesignalfromtheair,orcableprovider.TVscanalsoshowmoviesfromDVDplayersorVCRs.TVscanbeconnectedtocomputersandgameconsoles,usuallythroughakindofsocketcalled“SCART”.TheWorldWideWebisthepartoftheInternetthatcontainswebsitesandwebItisnotusedtodescribeWebPagesthatareusedofflinewherenetservicesarenotornocomputernetworkexists-suchasWikipediaonCD.Inthiscasenorealphysicalsiteexistsotherthantheplacewherethecomputeris.BlogandWikicapabilitieswillalsonotbeavailablebecausetheserequireacommunicationwithothercomputers.Radioisacommunicationsinvention.Thoughoriginallyusedtocommunicatebetweentwopeople,itisnowusedtolistentomusic,news,andpeopletalking.Radio