山东省淄博市2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题

2022—2023学年度第二学期高一教学质量检测英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号、座号填写在相应位置，认真核对条形码上的姓名、考生号和座号，并将条形码粘贴在指定位置上。2.选择题答案必须使用2B铅笔(按填涂样例)正确填涂;非选择题答案必须使用毫米黑色签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁，不折叠、不破损。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthemanwatchfirsttonight?A.Afilm.B.Agame.C.Adocumentary.2.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Tired.B.Excited.C.Stressed.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inarestaurant!C.Inasupermarket.4.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Toaskforhelp.B.Toexpressthanks.C.Tomakeasuggestion.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aholidayplan.B.AnEnglishcourse.C.Anexchangeprogram.第二节(共15小题;每小题1,5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdothespeakersneedahotelfor?A.Aparty.B.Awedding.C.Ameeting.7.Whatdoesthemandislikeaboutthehotel?A.Thesize.B.Theprice.C.Thelocation听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whathappenedtothewoman?A.Shelostherbuspass.B.Shetookthewrongbus.C.Shemissedtheschoolbus.9.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.10.Whatwillthewomanprobablydoaftergettingtoschool?A.Talktoherteacher.B.Borrowsomemoney.C.Gotothefrontoffice.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthebookforherreport?A.It’slost.B.It’sdamaged.C.It’ssoldout12.Whyistheman’sunclementionedintheconversation?A.Heisafamouswriter.B.Heusedtoworkinthelibrary.C.Hehasmanybooksonarchitecture.13.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Makeacall.B.Attendaclass.C.Gotothelibrary.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatistheman’spositionintheschoolnewspaper?A.Aneditor.B.Areporter.C.Aphotographer.15.Howdidthemanknowthewomanisagoodwriter?A.Hereadherwritinglastyear.B.Herteacherremendedher.C.Shewonawritingpetition.16.Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantodo?A.Writeabookreview.B.Interviewateacher.C.Reportonagame.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A.Visitorsingtothefestival,B.Villagershelpingrunthefestival.C.Newsreporterscoveringthefestival,18.Whatwillthevillageraisemoneyfor?A.Repairingahall.B.Buildingapark.C.Helpingthestudents.19.Howmuchdidthevillagegetforadultticketslastyear?A.£1,250.B.£2,000.C.£2,750.20.Whatwillthespeakerdiscussnext?A.Thecostofthefestival.B.Theplaceofthefestival.C.Theinfluenceofthefestival.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHertzInternationalCarRentalGuideWeletoHertzinternationalcarrentalsite!WelookforwardtoassistingyouwithHertzcarrentalworldwide.DrivetheworldwithHertz!WhyHertzFoundedin1918,Hertzistheworld’slargestandmostpopularcarrentalpany,withmorethan750,000vehiclesstoredinover10,800rentalshops(2,000airportlocations)worldwide.Youcanenjoythefastestcarrentalserviceworldwide.Nolongqueues.Nounnecessarypaperwork.BookingwithyourHertzmembership,youjustgostraighttoyourcaranddriveaway.Returnwithoutwaiting,andtheelectronicbillwillbesenttoyourmailboxintime.Renters’Qualification&Requirements●Passport●Min.21yearsold●Valid(有效的)drivinglicense,min.1yeardrivingexperience●InternationalDrivingPermit(IDP)orChinaDrivingLicenseEnglishTranslation(onlyapplytoChinaDrivingLicenseholders)●Validinternationalcreditcard(Pleasenotethatyourbankcardshouldbevalidatleast3monthsfromthedateofreturn)●BookingConfirmationIDPleaseNote:HertzlocationsinUSA,Canada,Australia,NewZealand,mostcountriesinEuropeandAsia(excludingJapanandKorea)nowacceptChinaDriver’sLicensewhenitisacpanied(伴随)withanEnglishtranslation.PleasecontactHertzChinaCallCenter4008423604orfollowHertzChinaofficialWeChat“HertzGuoJiZuChe”toapplyforEnglishtranslationofChinaDriver’sLicenseforfree.1WhatisanadvantageofHertz?A.Itgivespaperbillswithoutdelay.B.Itprovidescertainfreecars.C.Ithasover750,000rentalshops.D.Itoffersthemostconvenientservice.2.WhatisnecessaryforaChinesetorentacarfromHertz?A.Anageover18.B.Ashorttimecreditcard.C.AnEnglisheditionofdriver’slicense.D.Atleast3monthsdrivingexperience.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Awebpage. B.Atravelplan.C.Asalesadvertisement. D.Aguidebook.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文是赫兹国际租车公司的租车指南，文章介绍了赫兹租车公司的基本情况和租车的相关条件。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据WhyHertz中的“Youcanenjoythefastestcarrentalserviceworldwide.Nolongqueues.Nounnecessarypaperwork.BookingwithyourHertzmembership,youjustgostraighttoyourcaranddriveaway.Returnwithoutwaiting,andtheelectronicbillwillbesenttoyourmailboxintime.(您可以享受到全球最快的租车服务。不用排长队。没有不必要的文书工作。用你的赫兹会员预约，你只需要直接去找你的车，然后开车离开。不用等待返回，电子账单将及时发送到您的邮箱。)”可知，赫兹公司不用排长队，没有不必要的文书工作等等，提供了非常便利的租车服务。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Renters’Qualification&Requirements中的“InternationalDrivingPermit(IDP)orChinaDrivingLicenseEnglishTranslation(onlyapplytoChinaDrivingLicenseholders)(国际驾照或中国驾照英文翻译件(仅适用于持有中国驾照者))”可知，中国人租车需要有中国驾照的英文版。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句话“WeletoHertzinternationalcarrentalsite!(欢迎光临赫兹国际租车网站！)”可知，这篇文章出自赫兹国际租车网站。故选A项。BLaKeiceewastryingtoplanaparty,butJaxsonhadn’tmadeuphismindonhowhewantedtocelebrate.“Tellmewhatyouwanttodoforyourbirthday,”LaKeiceesaidashisson’sbirthdayapproached.Sherememberedhersonlookingatherforamomentbeforesaying,“Let’sfeedthehomeless.”Shethoughthemeantthathewantedtodonatecans,orspendadayvolunteeringatasoupkitchen.ButJaxsonhadsomethingbiggerinmind.“TheyneedafullEastermeallikewedo,”hesaid.LaKeiceeaskedhimhowmanypeoplehewantedtofeed.“Asmanyaspossible,”Jaxsonreplied.“That’showitallbegan,”LaKeiceerecalled.“He’sbeengoingeversince.”JaxsonTurner,now13,isthefounderofhisowncharity—N2Y2C,anonprofithehasbeenrunningwithhismother’shelpforthreeyears.Hehasfourmainprojects:feedingthehomeless,domesticviolenceawareness,backtoschoolsuppliesforclassmatesinneed,andaChristmasprojectinpartnershipwithSamaritanInn.Jaxson’sinspirationcamefromseeingpeopleoncornersbeggingforfood.Hesawitthroughoutthecityandrealizedthatpeopleinneedwereeverywhere.Healsogrewupcookingwithhismother,whomadeabigSundaydinnereveryweek,andhewantedtogivethatexperiencetootherpeople.JaxsonraisedmoneythroughgrassrootseffortslikelemonadestandsandGoFundMepages.Someofitwasusedtobuyschoolsuppliesforover100kidsayear,andsomewasusedforaChristmaspartyhethrewforthekidsstayingatSamaritanInn,ahomelessshelterinMcKinney.Intotal,hehasraised$72,444forN2Y2Cproject.N2Y2Cdoesn’thaveawebsite,butit’sing.Mostofthewordsarespreadoversocialmedia,butJaxsonhasbigplansforthefuture.AsLaKeiceesays,there’salwayssomeoneouttherewhoneedshelp,andsheishonoredtohelphersondoit.4.WhatdidJaxsonwantforhis10thbirthday?A.HoldingapartyB.SupplyingthehomelesswithfoodC.DonatingcansD.Volunteeringatasoupkitchen5.WhatdroveJaxsontofoundtheN2Y2C?A.ThedesiretocareforthebeggarsB.TheneedtosetupawebsiteC.ThedemandforraisingmoneyD.Thethirstforpartners6.WhatcanweknowaboutN2Y2C?A.ItmakesgreatprofitsB.ItisintendedforstayathomechildrenC.ItturnsouttobeasuccessD.Itgainspopularityamongtheyoung7.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HardWorkPaysOffB.NeverTooYoungtoCareC.OneGoodTurnDeservesAnotherD.AGoodHeartIsBetterThanaNoblePosition【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Jaxson成立自己的慈善机构N2Y2C的原因和过程。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Sherememberedhersonlookingatherforamomentbeforesaying,“Let’sfeedthehomeless.”(她记得儿子看了她一会儿，然后说:“让我们为无家可归的人提供食物吧。”)”可知Jaxson十岁生日的时候，想给无家可归的人提供食物。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Jaxson’sinspirationcamefromseeingpeopleoncornersbeggingforfood.Hesawitthroughoutthecityandrealizedthatpeopleinneedwereeverywhere.(Jaxson的灵感来自于看到街角乞讨的人。他看到整个城市都是这样，意识到到处都是需要帮助的人。)”可知，Jaxson看到街角乞讨的人，意识到到处都有人需要帮助。这驱使Jaxson创立了N2Y2C。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Intotal,hehasraised$72,444forN2Y2Cproject.N2Y2Cdoesn’thaveawebsite,butit’sing.Mostofthewordsarespreadoversocialmedia,butJaxsonhasbigplansforthefuture.(他总共为N2Y2C项目筹集了72,444美元。N2Y2C目前还没有网站，但网站即将创建。大多数词条都在社交媒体上传播，但Jaxson对未来有很大的计划。)”可知，Jaxson小小年纪，不仅创立了N2Y2C，而且还为该项目筹集了72,444美元，甚至还在社交媒体上传播，说明N2Y2C成功了，C项正确；根据文章第三段“N2Y2C,anonprofithehasbeenrunningwithhismother’shelpforthreeyears.(N2Y2C是他在母亲的帮助下经营了三年的非营利组织。)”可知，N2Y2C是非营利性组织，A项错误；根据第三段“Hehasfourmainprojects:feedingthehomeless,domesticviolenceawareness,backtoschoolsuppliesforclassmatesinneed,andaChristmasprojectinpartnershipwithSamaritanInn.(他有四个主要项目:为无家可归者提供食物、关注家庭暴力、为有需要的同学归还学校用品，以及与撒玛利亚酒店合作的圣诞节项目。)”可知，N2Y2C有四个不同项目，并非是为留守儿童，B项错误；D项文章未提及。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。阅读文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了Jaxson小小年纪就创立了慈善组织N2Y2C，去帮助有需要的人的故事，而N2Y2C实际上就是NeverTooYoungToCare的缩写。由此可知，B项NeverTooYoungtoCare最能概括本文内容。故选B项。CHaveyouevernoticedanantinyourhome,onlytofindthataweeklaterthewholegrouphasmovedin?Thetrapsyousetupcatchonlyafewoftheseants,butsoon,therestofthegrouphasmysteriouslydisappeared.NowastudypublishedinthejournalCellexploreshowcertaindangersignalingpheromones(信息激素)—thescentmarkersantsgiveofftomunicatewitheachother—activateaspecificpartoftheants’brainsandcanchangethebehaviorofthewholenest.Thisresearchsuggeststhatantshavetheirownkindofmunicationcenterintheirbrains,similartohumans.Thiscentercaninterpretalarmpheromones,or“dangersignals”,fromotherants.TheresearchersusedanengineeredproteincalledGCaMPtoscanthebrainactivityofclonalraiderants(克隆蚁)thatwereexposedtodangersignals.GCaMPworksbyattachingitselftocalciumions(钙离子),whichlightupwithbrainactivity,andtheresultingchemicalpoundcanbeseenonhighresolutionmicroscopesadaptedtoviewthem.Whenperformingthescans,theresearchersnoticedthatonlyasmallsectionoftheants’brainslitupinresponsetodangersignals,buttheantsstillshowedimmediateandplexbehaviorsinresponse.Thesebehaviorswerenamedthe“panicresponse”becausetheyinvolvedactionssuchasfleeing,andtransportingtheiryoungfromthenesttowardasaferlocation.Forthepurposeofthisstudy,researcherschoseclonalraiderantsasaspeciesbecausetheyareeasytocontrol.Theyusedantsofonesexwithinoneclassandrole(femaleworkerants)toguaranteeconsistencyandthereforemakeiteasiertoobservewidespreadpatterns.8.Whatdoesthestudyfocuson?A.ThetrapsusedtocatchantsB.HowtoactivatedangeroussignalsC.ThereasonwhythewholeantgroupmovesD.Howpheromonesaffecttheants’behavior9.WhatispresentedinParagraph2?A.Thestudyprocedure.B.Theresearchprinciples.C.Thechemicalbination.D.Theadaptionofmicroscope.10.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.Paniccausestheantstoflee.B.GCaMPcanactivatethebrain.CTheantsaresensitivetothepheromones.D.Theants’brainswilllightupduringtheresearch.11.Whydidtheresearcherschooseantsofthesamekind?A.ToshortentheexperimenttimeB.Toensurethereliabilityoftheresult.C.TocontroltheantsproperlyD.Tosimplifytheexperimentalprocess【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究探索了蚂蚁发出的危险信号信息激素是怎样激活蚂蚁大脑中的一小部分并引起整个巢穴改变行动的。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“NowastudypublishedinthejournalCellexploreshowcertaindangersignalingpheromones(信息激素)—thescentmarkersantsgiveofftomunicatewitheachother—activateaspecificpartoftheants’brainsandcanchangethebehaviorofthewholenest.(现在，发表在《细胞》杂志上的一项研究探讨了某些危险信号信息素——蚂蚁发出的用来互相交流的气味标记物——如何激活蚂蚁大脑的特定部分，并改变整个巢穴的行为。)”可知，这项研究关注的是信息激素影响蚂蚁行为的方式。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“TheresearchersusedanengineeredproteincalledGCaMPtoscanthebrainactivityofclonalraiderants(克隆蚁)thatwereexposedtodangersignals.GCaMPworksbyattachingitselftocalciumions(钙离子),whichlightupwithbrainactivity,andtheresultingchemicalpoundcanbeseenonhighresolutionmicroscopesadaptedtoviewthem.(研究人员使用了一种名为GCaMP的工程蛋白来扫描暴露于危险信号的克隆蚁的大脑活动。GCaMP通过将自己附着在钙离子上来运行，钙离子会随着大脑活动而发光，由此产生的化合物可以在经过调整可以观察它们的高分辨率显微镜上看到。)”可知，研究人员使用GCaMP来扫描克隆蚁的大脑活动，因为GCaMP可以附在钙离子上，而钙离子会随着大脑活动发光，这样就可以在显微镜上看到产生的化合物。由此可推测出，这里主要解释了GCaMP的工作原理，从而呈现出整个研究所基于的原理。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Whenperformingthescans,theresearchersnoticedthatonlyasmallsectionoftheants’brainslitupinresponsetodangersignals,buttheantsstillshowedimmediateandplexbehaviorsinresponse.(在进行扫描时，研究人员注意到，蚂蚁的大脑中只有一小部分会对危险信号做出发光反应，但蚂蚁仍然表现出即时而复杂的反应行为。)”可知，虽然在接收到危险信号信息激素时，蚂蚁的大脑中只有一小部分有反应，但蚂蚁仍然会立即做出复杂的反应行为。由此可推测出，蚂蚁对信息激素非常敏感。故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Forthepurposeofthisstudy,researcherschoseclonalraiderantsasaspeciesbecausetheyareeasytocontrol.(出于这项研究的目的，研究人员选择克隆蚁作为一个物种，因为它们很容易控制。)”可知，研究人员选择同种蚂蚁是为了合理控制蚂蚁。故选C。DForsomepeople,theterm“blackbox”bringstomindtherecordingdevicesinairplanesthatarevaluableforlateranalysesiftheunthinkablehappens.Butblackboxisalsoanimportanttermintheworldofartificialintelligence.AIblackboxesrefertoAlsystemswithinternalworkingsthatareinvisibletotheuser.Youcanfeedtheminputandgetoutput,butyoucannotexaminethesystem’slogicthatproducedtheoutput.Machinelearningisthemainaspectofartificialintelligence.ItisthebasicofAIsystemslikeChatGPT.Therearethreepartstomachinelearning:analgorithm(算法)orasetofalgorithms,trainingdataandamodel.Analgorithmisasetofprocedures.Inmachinelearning,analgorithmlearnstoidentifypatternsafterbeingtrainedonalargesetofexamples—thetrainingdata.Onceamachinelearningalgorithmhasbeentrained,theresultisamachinelearningmodel.Themodeliswhatpeopleuse.Anyofthethreepartsofamachinelearningsystemcanbehidden,orinablackbox.Sotoprotecttheirintellectualproperty,Aldevelopersoftenputthemodelinablackbox.Theoppositeofablackboxissometimesreferredtoasaglassbox.AnAlglassboxisasystemwhosealgorithms,trainingdataandmodelareallavailableforanyonetosee.Inmanycasesthereisagoodreasontobecarefulofblackboxmachinelearningalgorithmsandmodels.Supposeamachinelearningmodelhasmadeadiagnosisaboutyourhealth.Wouldyouwantthemodeltobeinablackboxoraglassbox?Foryears,manypeopleintheputingfieldthoughtthatkeepingsoftwareinablackboxwouldpreventhackers(黑客)fromexaminingitandthereforeitwouldbesecure.Thisassumptionhaslargelybeenprovedwrongbecausehackerscanreverse(逆向)engineersoftwareanddiscovervulnerabilitiestomakeuseof.Ifsoftwareisinaglassbox,thensoftwaretestersandwellintentionedhackerscanexamineitandinformthecreatorsofdisadvantages,therebyreducingcyberattacks.12.Whydoestheauthormention“blackbox”inairplanesinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainarule. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Topresentafact. D.Todefineaconcept.13.What’sthevalueoftheAIblackboxes?A.Warningthehackers.B.Recordingimportantdata.C.Reducinginternetcrimes.D.Protectingsoftwaresystems.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerabilities”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Possibilities. B.Flexibilities.C.Weaknesses. D.Advantages.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheAIboxes?A.Objective. B.Doubtful. C.Indifferent. D.Approving.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能中的黑匣子概念。同时文章还提到了黑匣子的安全性问题，黑客可以通过逆向工程来发现漏洞，而玻璃盒可以减少网络攻击。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Butblackboxisalsoanimportanttermintheworldofartificialintelligence.AIblackboxesrefertoAlsystemswithinternalworkingsthatareinvisibletotheuser.Youcanfeedtheminputandgetoutput,butyoucannotexaminethesystem’slogicthatproducedtheoutput.(但是黑匣子在人工智能领域也是一个重要的术语。人工智能黑匣子指的是具有用户不可见的内部工作原理的人工智能系统。你可以向它们提供输入并获得输出，但是你不能检查产生输出的系统逻辑。)”以及第二段中“Machinelearningisthemainaspectofartificialintelligence.ItisthebasicofAIsystemslikeChatGPT.Therearethreepartstomachinelearning:analgorithm(算法)orasetofalgorithms,trainingdataandamodel.(机器学习是人工智能的主要方面。这是ChatGPT等人工智能系统的基础。机器学习有三个部分：一个算法(或一组算法)、训练数据和模型。)”可知，此处指出黑匣子指的是用户无法查看其内部工作原理的人工智能系统。由此文章通过介绍介绍黑匣子的工作原理来引出文章说明的内容即机器学习是人工智能的主要方面，它包括算法、训练数据和模型。故第一段中提到黑匣子的目的是引出文章主题。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sotoprotecttheirintellectualproperty,Aldevelopersoftenputthemodelinablackbox.(因此，为了保护他们的知识产权，人工智能开发人员经常把模型放在一个黑匣子里。)”以及最后一段中“Foryears,manypeopleintheputingfieldthoughtthatkeepingsoftwareinablackboxwouldpreventhackers(黑客)fromexaminingitandthereforeitwouldbesecure.(多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。)”可知，多年来黑匣子的价值是确保计算机系统的安全，即保护软件系统。故选D。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“Foryears,manypeopleintheputingfieldthoughtthatkeepingsoftwareinablackboxwouldpreventhackers(黑客)fromexaminingitandthereforeitwouldbesecure.Thisassumptionhaslargelybeenprovedwrong(多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。这种假设在很大程度上被证明是错误的)”可知，多年来很多人认为把软件放在黑匣子中是可以防止黑客攻击的，这是安全的，可是这种假设被证明是错误的。因为黑客可以通过逆向工程来检查软件并发现其存在的缺点（漏洞），并加以利用。故划线词与C选项“Weaknesses”为同义词，意为“缺点”。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Foryears,manypeopleintheputingfieldthoughtthatkeepingsoftwareinablackboxwouldpreventhackers(黑客)fromexaminingitandthereforeitwouldbesecure.Thisassumptionhaslargelybeenprovedwrong(多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。)”以及“Ifsoftwareisinaglassbox,thensoftwaretestersandwellintentionedhackerscanexamineitandinformthecreatorsofdisadvantages,therebyreducingcyberattacks.(如果软件是在一个玻璃盒子里，那么软件测试人员和善意的黑客可以检查它，并告知创建者的缺点，从而减少网络攻击。)”可知，此处作者认为智能黑匣子既有优点又有缺点，故作者对它的态度是客观的。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WinandLosewithGraceDuringmyyearsasanearlychildhoodteacher,Ilearnedveryquicklywhichchildrenweredriventobethebest—thewinner.Somechildrenwerenotespeciallybotheredbylosing,whereasothersturnedeveryopportunityintoapetition.____16____.However,wecanhelpourchildrenlearntohandleit.●AcknowledgedisappointmentfromlosingTeachyourchildthatit’sokaytofeeldisappointedafterlosing.____17____.Somechildrenmaybereadytojumpbackinandplayagain.Othersmayneedtoaskforahug,spendalittletimealone,orreadabooktocalmdown.Itisneverokaytosaymeanwordsaboutothers.●____18____Sharewithyourchildthateveniftheyfeelupsetordisappointed,theycancongratulatethosewhodidwin.Findmeaningfulwaystobeagoodloser.Shareapraisewithotherplayerstoletthemknowsomethingtheydidwasreallypositive.Thinkingaboutothers’feelingscanoftenhelpchildrenmanagetheirown(e.g.,“Theyworkedreallyhardjustlikeme!”).●TalkaboutluckandchanceSomegamestakeverylittleefforttowinorlose,relyingmostlyonchance.Talkwithchildrenaboutluckandchanceandletthemknowthatsometimesyouchoosecardsthathelpyouwinandsometimesyoudon’t.____19____.●Focusoneffort____20____.Whenchildrenarepreparingforapetition,praisethemforhowhardtheyworked.Focusoneffortevenafterapetitionendswhetheryourchildwonorlost.Thisencourageschildrentorecognizethattheycanimproveandgrow,makingitmorelikelythattheywilltryagain.A.SharepraiseswithothersB.PracticegoodsportsmanshipC.Don’tmakewinningorlosingtoobigofadealD.TherearedifferentwaystoexpressthatfeelingE.ItcanfeelhardertoloseatagamethatreliesonpersonalorteamperformancethanloseagamebasedonchanceF.ThisisnotyourfaultanddoesnotreflectwhoyouareG.Managingfeelingsthatewithlosingcanbechallenging【答案】16.G17.D18.B19.F20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了几个帮助孩子体面地接受输赢的方式，【16题详解】前文“Somechildrenwerenotespeciallybotheredbylosing,whereasothersturnedeveryopportunityintoapetition.(有些孩子并没有因为输而特别烦恼，而另一些孩子则把每一个机会都变成了一场比赛。)”讲述了不同孩子对待输的方式。后文“However,wecanhelpourchildrenlearntohandleit.(然而，我们可以帮助我们的孩子学会处理它。)”引出接下来要讲述的如何帮助孩子接受输的方式，且句中的However表明本句与空处形成转折，所以空处讲述的应是应对输掉的感觉有时候会很困难，G项“管理伴随着失败而来的情绪可能很有挑战性”符合题意。故选G。【17题详解】前文“Teachyourchildthatit’sokaytofeeldisappointedafterlosing.(教你的孩子直到失败后感到失望是没关系的。)”讲述了要让孩子直到失败后有失望的情绪是正常的。后文“Somechildrenmaybereadytojumpbackinandplayagain.Othersmayneedtoaskforahug,spendalittletimealone,orreadabooktocalmdown.(有些孩子可能已经准备好跳回去再玩了。其他人可能需要一个拥抱，花一点时间独处，或者读一本书来平静下来。)”讲述了不同的孩子在输掉后的不同反应。所以空处应是说有不同的表达失望情绪的方式，D项“有不同的方式来表达这种感觉”承上启下，选项中的thatfeeling对应前文中的feeldisappointed。故选D。【18题详解】空处是本段小标题。结合上下文可知，这里应用祈使句。根据本段中的“Sharewithyourchildthateveniftheyfeelupsetordisappointed,theycancongratulatethosewhodidwin.Findmeaningfulwaystobeagoodloser.(告诉你的孩子，即使他们感到沮丧或失望，他们也可以祝贺那些获胜的人。找到有意义的方法来做一个好的失败者。)”可知，本段主要讲述了即使自己失败了，也要礼貌地祝贺其他获胜的人，体面地失败，这表达了良好的体育精神。B项“践行良好的体育精神”最能概括本段内容。故选B。【19题详解】前文“Talkwithchildrenaboutluckandchanceandletthemknowthatsometimesyouchoosecardsthathelpyouwinandsometimesyoudon’t.(与孩子们谈论运气和机会，让他们知道有时你会选择有助于你获胜的牌，有时你不会。)”讲述了要让孩子知道有的时候输赢是看运气和机会的，所以接下来应讲述运气和机会的好坏并不是个人的问题，F项“这不是你的错，也不能反映你是谁”符合题意。故选F。【20题详解】根据本段小标题“Focusoneffort(专注于努力)”和后文“Whenchildrenarepreparingforapetition,praisethemforhowhardtheyworked.Focusoneffortevenafterapetitionendswhetheryourchildwonorlost.(当孩子们准备比赛时，要表扬他们的努力。即使在比赛结束后，无论你的孩子赢了还是输了，都要关注努力。)”讲述了在比赛前后要关注孩子所付出的努力，E项“在一场依赖个人或团队表现的比赛中失利要比基于运气而在一场比赛中失败更难受。”强调了在付出努力的比赛中失败要比因运气不佳而失败会让人更难受，照应小标题中的“effort”，且选项中的agame与下文中的apetition相对应。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AttheFlosslanderestaurantinscenicAugsburg,waiterPaulBlachut24,isbusyatwork.Notfar,somepeopleare____21____withwaterintheLechriver,amongwhomareamotherandtwoteenagedaughters.____22____Blachuthearstheshout:“Threepeoplearedrowningintheriver!”Blachutspotsthethreewomenashortdistanceaway,movingtheirarmsupanddown,____23____tograspanythingtheycan.Despitehavingnolifesayingtraining,he____24____outdowntotheriverbank.Thenhejumpsintotheriver.Ashegets____25____tothem,hecantellthatthemotherseemstobeinthemosttrouble.Without____26____Blachutdiveunderthe____27____woman,pushingherupwardandusingallhis____28____tothrowhertowardtheshore.Blachutknowsheneedsto____29____thetwodaughtersandtheyarenowfurtherdowntheriver.Hejumpsintothecurrentagain,swimsquicklydownstreamandmanagesto_____30_____one.Hepusheshertowardtheshoreinthesame_____31_____hedidtohermother,andisabletogetherout,too.Lookingbacktotheriver.Blachutcanseesomeoneishelpingthegirl’ssister,whohasbee_____32_____.Ashegentlylaysherdown,abystanderwith_____33_____trainingesforwardand_____34_____toher.Thankfully,it’snolongbeforesheesbacktolifeagain.People_____35_____theiradmirationforBlachutfollowingtheincident.21.A.dealing B.playing C.working D.municating22.A.Suddenly B.Secretly C.Eventually D.Gradually23.A.trembling B.wandering C.volunteering D.struggling24.A.turns B.holds C.rushes D.walks25.A.closer B.straighter C.slower D.later26.A.anxiety B.hesitation C.doubt D.permission27.A.dangerous B.thrilled C.disappointed D.scared28.A.strength B.spirit C.courage D.pressure29.A.help B.train C.rescue D.remove30.A.takechargeof B.takeadvantageof C.makeuseof D.getholdof31.A.way B.purpose C.opinion D.situation32.A.homeless B.fearless C.senseless D.worthless33.A.physical B.medical C.military D.technical34.A.appeals B.attaches C.contributes D.attends35.A.describe B.expresses C.explains D.changes【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.B27.A28.A29.C30.D31.A32.C33.B34.D35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了24岁的PaulBlachut在工作时，看到母女三人落水，奋不顾身救人的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不远处，一些人正在莱赫河上玩水，其中有一位母亲和两个十几岁的女儿。A.dealing交易、解决；B.playing玩；C.working工作；D.municating沟通、交流。根据“somepeopleare____1____withwaterintheLechriver”，应该是在河上玩水，才会掉进河里，playing符合语境。故选B项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，Blachut听到一声喊叫:“有三个人溺水了!”A.Suddenly突然；B.Secretly秘密地；C.Eventually最后；D.Gradually逐渐地。根据“Threepeoplearedrowningintheriver!”可知，应该是突然间喊起来的，suddenly符合语境。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Blachut看到了不远处的三个女人，她们上下移动着手臂，挣扎着抓住任何能抓住的东西。A.trembling颤抖；B.wandering漫游、游荡；C.volunteering自愿；D.struggling挣扎。根据“Threepeoplearedrowningintheriver!.”以及常识可知，人掉到河里后，会下意识的挣扎，struggling符合语境。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管没有接受过救生训练，他还是冲到了河边。A.turns转向；B.holds把握、保留；C.rushes冲、奔；D.walks散步、行走。根据“outdowntotheriverbank.”可知，Blachut想去救人，应该是快步冲出去，rushes符合语境。故选C项。25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他靠近它们时，他可以看出这位母亲似乎遇到了最大的麻烦。A.closer靠近的、更近的；B.straighter更直的；C.slower更慢的；D.later较晚的、稍后的。根据“Thenhejumpsintotheriver.”和“hecantellthatthemotherseemstobeinthemosttrouble.”可知，Blachut跳进河里去救人，只有靠近了才能知道这三个人的情况，closer符合语境。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Blachut毫不犹豫地跳到那个处于危险的女人身下，把她往上推，用尽全力把她拽向岸边。A.anxiety焦虑、忧虑；B.hesitation犹豫、不情愿；C.doubt怀疑、不确定；D.permission允许。根据前面的“hecantellthatthemotherseemstobeinthemosttrouble.”可知，这位母亲情况最麻烦，所以应该是“毫不犹豫”地，hesitation符合语境。故选B项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Blachut毫不犹豫地跳到那个处于危险的女人身下，把她往上推，用尽全力把她拽向岸边。A.dangerous危险的；B.thrilled非常兴奋的、极为激动的；C.disappointed感到失望的；D.scared感到害怕的。根据前面的“hecantellthatthemotherseemstobeinthemosttrouble.”可知，这位母亲的情况最麻烦，所以应该是“危险的”，dangerous符合语境。故选A项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Blachut毫不犹豫地跳到那个危险的女人身下，把她往上推，用尽全力把她拽向岸边。A.strength力量；B.spirit精神；C.courage勇气；D.pressure压力。根据“pushingherupwardandusingallhis____8____tothrowhertowardtheshore”可知，Blachut要救这位母亲，所以应该是用尽“力气”将她拽向岸边。故选A项。【29题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：Blachut知道他需要拯救两个女儿，她们现在在河的下游。A.help帮助；B.train训练；C.rescue营救、援救；D.remove移开、拿开。根据后面的“Hejumpsintothecurrentagain”可知，Blachut是要“救”这两个女儿，rescue符合语境。故选C项。【30题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：他再次跳入水流，迅速游向下游，并设法抓住了一个。A.takechargeof负责、掌管；B.takeadvantageof利用、占便宜；C.makeuseof利用；D.getholdof抓紧。根据“managesto____10____one”以及常识可知，要救人肯定得“抓着”她，getholdof符合语境。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把她推到岸边，就像他对她妈妈做的那样，也能把她弄出来。A.way方式、手段；B.purpose目的；C.opinion