2024年青岛市高三一模英语高考模拟试卷试题（含答案详解）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页青岛市2024年高三年级第一次适应性检测英语注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AMonet:TheImmersive(沉浸式)ExperienceMonet:TheImmersiveExperienceinLiègeinvitesyoutostepintotheworldoftheFrenchpainterClaudeMonet,oneofthegreatestartisticgeniusesofthenineteenthcentury!ExploresomeofthemostbreathtakingpaintingsbyClaudeMonetwiththehelpofadigital360-degreepresentation.Theuniqueexhibitionconceptisstagedwithstate-of-the-artmultimediatechnology,whichshowsverylargeimagesofMonet’spaintingsonthewallsandfloorsofthebuilding.Ithasmusic,thesmellofflowers,andvoice-overinseverallanguagestomakethepaintingscomealiveinawayneverseenbefore.TofullygetintotheworldoftheFrenchpainter,visitorsareguidedthroughthreeexperiencerooms.Eachroomisahighlightonitsownandprovidesvisitorsnotonlywithaninsight,butalsowithnewexperiencesandnewviewpointsonMonet’slife,hisworkandhismasterpieces.Practicalinfo·Date:fromMarch2024·Openinghours:Wednesday,Thursday:10:00am-7:00pmFriday:10:00am-8:00pmSaturday:9:00am-8:00pmSunday:9:00am-7:00pmMondayandTuesday:Closed·Duration:thevisitwilltakearound60to75minutes·Location:EgliseSaint-Pholien,RueSaint-Pholien,4020Liège·PleaseconsulttheFAQsofthisexperiencehere1．HowdoestheexhibitionhelpvisitorsexploreMonet’spaintings?A．Itusesdigitaltechnology. B．Itgiveslecturesonart.C．Itoffersstagestovisitors. D．Itprovideslanguageservices.2．Whatwillvisitorsexperienceinthethreerooms?A．AnexplorationonFrenchart. B．Anintroductorytourofpainters.C．AuniquejourneytoMonet’sworld. D．AnencounterwithMonet-inspiredartworks.3．Whichofthefollowingisarecommendedvisitingtime?A．11:30am(Wed,Feb21). B．10:00am(Tue,Mar19).C．6:30pm(Thur,Mar28). D．4:00pm(Sun,Apr7).BTheMusicEducatorAward,thisyear,wenttoAnnieRay,anorchestra(管弦乐队)directoratAnnandaleHighSchool.Shewasrecognizedforhereffortstomakemusicaccessibletoallstudents,particularlythosewithdisabilities.RaygottoattendtheawardsceremonyinLosAngelesandbringhomea$10,000prize.RaycreatedtheCrescendoOrchestraforstudentswithsevereintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilities,aswellasaparentorchestrathatteachesnearly200caregiversayeartoplaythesameinstrumentastheirchild.Rayalsoworkswithalocalcharitytogivedamagedinstrumentsasecondlifeinherclassroom.Theorchestraisaboutmuchmorethanjustmakingmusic.Themostimportantistogivestudentsachancetodeveloptheircooperationskills,makemistakesandlearntheartofrefiningsomething.Raypushesherstudentstobebrave,gooutsidetheircomfortzoneandrealizetheyhavetolearnhowtomakebadsoundsbeforelearninghowtomakegoodsounds.Andtheyteachheralotinreturn.”Theychangedmyeducationalphilosophy.Iunderstandwhatittrulymeanstomeetastudentwherethey’reatandapplythatelsewhere,”shesaid.Thewarmreceptionontheceremonywasmeaningful.Actually,notmanypeopleunderstandwhatexactlymusiceducatorsdoorhowmuchtheirworkmatters.Whileheradministrationissupportive,thatlackofunderstandingisaproblemfacingtheprofessioningeneral.Anotherisresources.Shesaysherschool“desperately”needsnewinstruments.Shewillusesomeofherprizemoneytobuymore.Rayalsoplanstoputsomeofthemoneytowardsanongoingscholarshipforstudentswhowanttopursuemusicwhentheygraduate.Sheknowsofseveral,thoseparticularlyinterestedinmusic,andaimstoofferfinancialsupportneededtorealizetheirmusicaldreams”Itishardbuttrulysatisfying,”Raysaid.“Andthere’snothingelselikeitforthem.”4．WhatcanwelearnaboutRayfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Shehostedtheawardceremony. B．Shebroughtmusictomorepeople.C．Shegaveawayinstrumentstothepoor. D．Shefoundedalocalcharityforchildren.5．Whatdostudentsbenefitmostfromtheorchestra?A．Theyacquirein-depthmusicalknowledge. B．Theymakefriendswiththelike-minded.C．Theygainpersonalgrowthfromplayingmusic. D．Theyimprovetheirconnectionswitheducators.6．Whatisparagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Thereceptionontheceremony. B．Importanceofmusiceducation.C．Challengesformusiceducators. D．Planstoobtainresources.7．WhatdoesRayfindsatisfyingaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Winningascholarship. B．Developinginterestinmusic.C．Makingmusicalachievements. D．Transformingdreamsintoreality.CAnancientLatinproverbsays“Aquilanoncapitmuscas”—caglesdon’thuntflies—meaningthatimportantonesshouldn’tconcernthemselveswithsmall,insignificantmatters.ButthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheirlifestyles.Thestorystartswiththeacaciatrees(金合欢树)inanAfricanwildlifeareaincentralKenyaSomeoftheseacaciatreesprovidefoodandshelterforspecificantspecies,whichinturndefendthetreeagainstherbivores(食草动物).Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetree’sleavesThisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivoresbutalsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.Buttheseantsareintrouble.Anotherspeciescalledthe“big-headed”antisdestroyingentiregroupsoftree-protectingants.This,inturn,setsoffanentirechainofeventsthatendsupinfluencingwhenandhowlionscanhunt.Thisantinvasion(入侵)affectsonethingaftertheother.Itleavestheacaciatreesdefenselessagainstherbivoresespeciallyelephants.Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.Thisreducedtreecovermakeslionslesssuccessfulathuntingandpushesthemtofinddifferentareastohuntin．“ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere,”saidToddPalmer,anecologistfromFlorida.Thelions,whicharealreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusingtheirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.Butthisalsoisn’ttheendofthestory.Whoknowswhatthelions’changingstrategywillmeanfortheecosystemdowntheline?8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deter”inparagraph2mean?A．Direct. B．Discourage. C．Identify. D．Seek.9．Whatroledotheelephantsplayinthechainreaction?A．Cooperatingwith“big-headed”ants. B．Damagingthehidingplaceforlions.C．Protectingtheacaciasfromherbivores. D．Startingoffthedisturbanceofthechain.10．Theauthormentionslions,zebrasandwaterbuffalotoshowthat______.A．animalsfallvictimtobiggerones B．theecologyisontheroadtorecoveryC．animalsarecorelatedintheecosystem D．speciesarefirmlypositionedinthefoodchain11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whatecologistsfindaboutanimals. B．WhyAfricanlionsareendangered.C．Howtinyantsaffectthewaylionshunt. D．HowthelawofthejungleworksinAfrica.DAtaconferencelastweek,Ireceivedaninterestingpieceofadvice:

“Assumeyouarewrong.”TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,afellowpsychologyprofessor.Hewasn’tobjectingtoanyparticularclaimI’dmade—hewasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience,andforencouragingotherstodothesame.TounderstandthecontextforNosek’sadvice,weneedtotakeastepback—tothenatureofscienceitself.Despitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool,thereisnosinglescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheorieschange,sodoscientificmethods.Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffortthatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsaspersonalattacks,andforscientificargumentstodevelopintopersonalbattles.Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertobeviewedasahelpfulpointer,aconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticprobablyshares.Nosek’sadvicemaysoundpessimistic,butit’snotsoforeigntoscience.Philosophersofsciencesometimesrefertothe“pessimisticmeta-induction(元归纳)”onthehistoryofscience:Allofourpastscientifictheorieshavebeenwrong,sosurelyourcurrenttheorieswillturnouttobewrong,too.Thatdoesn’tmeanwehaven’tmadeprogress,butitdoesindicatethatthereisalwaysroomforimprovement—waystobelesswrong.Iliketheadvicebecauseitbuildsinanawarenessofourlimitationsandareadinesstoaccepttheunknown(“therearethingsIdonotknow!”)alongwithasensethatwecandobetter(“therearethingsIdonotknowyet!”).Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity—we’reallinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.Perhapsthefocusonasharedgoal—ourgoalasscientistsandhumansofbeinglesswrong—canhelpmakeupforanyharminscientificmotivationorcommunication.12．WhydidNoseksendtheadvice?A．Toexpressopinionsaboutmyclaims. B．Toremindmetobeopentocriticism.C．Toencouragemetotakeupscience. D．Tobettermyunderstandingofpsychology.13．Howdoesassumingyouarewronghelp?A．Itmotivatesscientiststomakeefforts. B．Itaddressespersonalattacksandconflicts.C．Itsetsaconstructiveimprovementgoal. D．Itcontributestoadeeperinsightintoyourself.14．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsciencetheories?A．Dynamic. B．Testable. C．Pioneering. D．Well-established.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AccepttheUnknown B．AimtoBeLessWrongC．GetEngagedinPsychology D．DigintotheNatureofScience第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenyouthinkofyourclosestfriends,whowillcometoyourmind?Perhapsyourcollegeroommatesortheneighboryouplayedwithasachild.Regardlessofhowyoumetthesepeople,theymostlikelyhaveonekeythingincommon:16A2023studyfoundthat,forthoseaged21to30,over80percentintheirsocialcircles,werebornwithinfiveyearsofthem.Moreover,nearly63percentofadultshavenoclosefriends15yearsolderoryoungerthanthem.Spendingourtimewithsuchanarrowgroupofpeoplecanfuelagesegregationandincreaseourloneliness.Theselimitationsalsokeepusfromothergenerations’mindsetsandpotentiallysurprisingpointsofconnection.17Ofcourse,theonesthatareoldermightofferabrieflookintothecomingyears.Aprogramthatrunsschoolsoutofseniorcentershassaidalotaboutit.18DawnCarr,asociologyprofessor,saidmostolderpeoplegetmuchfrompracticalhelp—withnewtechnology,forinstance—theiryoungerfriendsoffered.19Havingfunwithsomeonedecadesyoungerdefinitelytakesofftheirpressureto“acttheirage”.20Lila,aged75,wasproudthatherlifeexperiencespreparedhertogiveadvicetoheryoungfriendwithdepression,forwhichtheyoungwasgrateful.Also,olderfriendsoffermoreexamplesofwhatgrowingupcanlooklike.Ifsomeone’sparentsaretheonlyolderpeopletheyknowwell,theymightfailtopictureotherpossibilities.Agreaterpoolofolderfriendscanhelpyoungpeoplecreatetheirownblueprint.A．Youbefriendthosewholivearound.B．They’reallroughlythesameageasyou.C．Othersmightfindjoyinexposuretonewideas.D．Broughtcloser,bothseemorethanonebenefit.E．Youngerfriendscanbeareminderofpastselves.F．Formingthesekindsoffriendshipisparticularlyhardtoday.G．Indeed,intergenerationalrelationshipisneveraone-waystreet.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whenmyfatherwasateenager,hehadbeendeclaredaprodigy(天才)byhisartteacher.He21tobecomeanartteacherandhadsome22ofhispaintings.Butwhenmymothergotill,hiscreativelifeceased.Irememberedmyfather’s23forart.Oneday,Iaskedwhetherhewasinterestedindrawingacartoon.Myfatherwasnotmuchofa24.Whenlearningtodrive,Ihadaskedifitwasmoreimportantto25thecarsaheadorthosebehind.“Both.”Thenhewas26forthenextthreemiles.Hegaveno27answertomyquery(询问).Iaskedagainthefollowingday.Stillnoreal28.Iultimately29theidea.Iunderstoodhehadenoughonhisplatealready.Butaweeklater,Ireceivedanemailfrommyfather—witha(n)30.IdownloadedthefileandtherewasthecartoonIhadaskedhimtodraw!Webegantodrawcartoons.Theprocessofcreatinggavehim31.Ashebuilthisartmusclesbackup,histeenageself’senthusiasm32.Heisnowpainting,drawingandtalkingsomuchIhaveto33I’mgettingacalltoescapehis34.IfheweretoaskmewhetherIwasprouderofthecartoonorofhimturninghislifearound,Iwouldsay,“35.”21．A．wenton B．agreed C．seemed D．happened22．A．records B．copies C．exhibits D．celebrations23．A．choice B．love C．skill D．idea24．A．talker B．teacher C．painter D．thinker25．A．driveoff B．rushthrough C．lookinto D．concentrateon26．A．careful B．silent C．impatient D．polite27．A．definite B．relevant C．simple D．clever28．A．channel B．response C．message D．word29．A．dropped B．failed C．forgot D．regretted30．A．list B．present C．budget D．attachment31．A．freedom B．safety C．purpose D．trust32．A．grew B．returned C．appeared D．mixed33．A．pretend B．state C．joke D．mention34．A．excitement B．disappointment C．embarrassment D．amusement35．A．Myself B．You C．Neither D．Both第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChineseLoongisthefifthanimalofthe12-yearChinesezodiaccycle,36(consider)tobemythicalandsymbolicoffortune.Recently,salesofthingswithdragonelementshavewitnessedexplosivegrowthone-commerceplatforms.Datafromane-commerceplatformshowthatsearches37dragon-relatedgoodsviaitsonlinemarketplacehavereached23million.38issaidthatsinceJanuary,goodswithdragon-themedelements,suchasdailynecessities,alcoholandgoldjewelry,39(prefer)byconsumers.Thepurchasingexcitementisexpectedto40(huge)boostconsumerconfidenceandimprovetherecoveryofconsumption．Purchasesbythepost-1990sandpost-2000sgenerationsaccountedfornearly55%,whileconsumersinGuangdongprovince,Beijing,Jiangsuprovinceinthatorder,41(be)thetopthreespendersondragon-featureditems.BecausethedragonisanimportantsymbolofChinesetraditionalculture42goodluck,Chineseconsumersareexpressingtheirhopesfor43betterlifeinthenewyear.“BrandsshouldcapitalizeontraditionalChineseculturetolaunchmoreinnovative44(product),”aresearchfellowsaid,45(stress)thatSpringFestivalisthetraditionalfestivalChinesepeopleattachthemostimportanceto,andit’salsoapeakseasonforconsumption.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．假定你是李华，你校今年开设了蔬菜栽培、传统工艺（handcraft）等实践课程。请你给外国好友John写一封邮件，内容包括：1．你的参与情况；2．你的体会。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJohn,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ibeggedmymomtoletmemakecookiesbymyself.EventhoughIhadneverattemptedbakingbefore,IwasnineyearsoldandmyfriendEmmiehadbeenbakingcupcakesbyherselfforayear.IwasdeterminedtoprovethatIcouldmakeit.Mybrother,Caleb,laughedattheideaofmecookingalone,callingitadisaster.Havingabigbrothercanbeannoying.Despitehislaughing,mymomagreedtoletmetry.SheremindedmetotakemytimeandbecarefulbecauseI’dhadsomemessyspillsbeforeIwasnine.Iracedtothekitchenandwenttowork.Icrackedeggsandputacoldstickofbutterintothebowl.Iturnedonthemixeratmediumspeed—andwhoa.Whoa.Whoa!Whatadisaster!Ihadtowipebutteroffmyface,thenoffthetableandfloor.Calebmadefunofmeagain,callingmeamess.Ichasedhimawaywithaspoonandturnedbacktothemixingbowl.Istartedagainwithsofterbutter.Referringtotherecipe,Ipouredeverythingneededintothebowlandmixedit.Afterthat,Iputroundbatter(面糊)ontothecookiesheetandputitintotheoven(烤箱).Withinaminute,afantasticsmellfilledthekitchen—thesmellofcookiesuccess!IwasgoingtoprovethatIwasresponsible.Nomoreeye-rollingfrommybrother.Nomore“You’retooyoung”frommyparents.Iwasgrownupandincontrol.Istaredintotheoven,andmyheartsank.Theneat,littleballshadmelted(融化)andoverflowedtotheedgesofthecookiesheet.IpulledthepanoutjustasCalebwanderedbackintothekitchen.“Whatintheworld?”Hestartedtolaugh.“Cookiesoup?”“Youjustbequiet,”Iwhispered,tryingnottocry.“Justleavemealone.”“How’sitgoinginthere?”Dadcalledfromthelivingroom.Calebraisedhiseyebrowsandbithislip.Irespondedthateverythingwasfine,pouringthemeltedbatterintothebowlquickly.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Ipickedupthedirections,wonderingwhathadgonewrong．___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Ibroughtaplateofcookiesintothelivingroomformyparents．___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页1．A2．C3．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个数字艺术展览的相关信息。1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ExploresomeofthemostbreathtakingpaintingsbyClaudeMonetwiththehelpofadigital360-degreepresentation.(在数字360度演示的帮助下，探索克劳德·莫奈的一些最令人惊叹的画作。)”可知，这个展览通过数字科技帮助游客探索莫奈的画作。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“TofullygetintotheworldoftheFrenchpainter,visitorsareguidedthroughthreeexperiencerooms.Eachroomisahighlightonitsownandprovidesvisitorsnotonlywithaninsight,butalsowithnewexperiencesandnewviewpointsonMonet’slife,hisworkandhismasterpieces.(为了充分进入这位法国画家的世界，游客们被引导到三个体验室。每个房间都是自己的亮点，不仅为游客提供了洞察力，而且还为莫奈的生活，他的工作和他的杰作提供了新的体验和新的观点。)”可知，游客们在三个体验室可以体验一次独特的莫奈世界之旅。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据Practicalinfo部分的“Date:fromMarch2024(日期：2024年3月起)”和“Openinghours:Wednesday,Thursday:10:00am-7:00pm，Friday:10:00am-8:00pm，Saturday:9:00am-8:00pm，Sunday:9:00am-7:00pm，MondayandTuesday:Closed(开放时间：周三，周四：上午10点至下午7点，周五：上午10点至晚上8点，周六：上午9点至晚上8点，周日：上午9点至晚上7点，周一和周二：关闭)”可知，推荐的游览时间是4月7日，星期天下午4点。故选D。4．B5．C6．C7．D【导语】本文是记叙文。本文讲述音乐教育工作者Ray把音乐带给更多的人，并因此获得了音乐教育工作者奖。4．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Shewasrecognizedforhereffortstomakemusicaccessibletoallstudents,particularlythosewithdisabilities.(她因努力让所有学生，特别是残疾学生都能接触到音乐而受到认可)”和第二段的“RaycreatedtheCrescendoOrchestraforstudentswithsevereintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilities,aswellasaparentorchestrathatteachesnearly200caregiversayeartoplaythesameinstrumentastheirchild.(雷为有严重智力和发育障碍的学生创建了Crescendo管弦乐队，同时还成立了一个家长管弦乐队，每年教近200名照顾者和他们的孩子演奏同样的乐器)”可知，她把音乐带给了更多人。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Themostimportantistogivestudentsachancetodeveloptheircooperationskills,makemistakesandlearntheartofrefiningsomething.Raypushesherstudentstobebrave,gooutsidetheircomfortzoneandrealizetheyhavetolearnhowtomakebadsoundsbeforelearninghowtomakegoodsounds.(最重要的是给学生一个机会来发展他们的合作技能，犯错误和学习改进的艺术。雷鼓励她的学生要勇敢，走出他们的舒适区，并意识到在学习如何发出好声音之前，他们必须先学会如何发出坏声音。)”可知，学生从弹奏音乐中获得最大的益处是个人成长。故选C。6．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容“Actually,notmanypeopleunderstandwhatexactlymusiceducatorsdoorhowmuchtheirworkmatters.Whileheradministrationissupportive,thatlackofunderstandingisaproblemfacingtheprofessioningeneral.Anotherisresources.Shesaysherschool“desperately”needsnewinstruments.Shewillusesomeofherprizemoneytobuymore.(实际上，没有多少人真正了解音乐教育者到底是做什么的，也没有多少人了解他们的工作有多重要。虽然她的政府是支持的，但缺乏理解是整个行业面临的一个问题。另一个是资源。她说，她的学校“迫切”需要新的仪器。她会用一些奖金买更多的东西)”可知，本段主要讲述了音乐教育工作者面临的困难。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段的“Sheknowsofseveral,thoseparticularlyinterestedinmusic,andaimstoofferfinancialsupportneededtorealizetheirmusicaldreams.”Itishardbuttrulysatisfying,”Raysaid.“Andthere’snothingelselikeitforthem.”(她认识几个对音乐特别感兴趣的人，她的目标是为他们提供实现音乐梦想所需的经济支持。“这很难，但确实令人满意，”雷说。“对他们来说，没有什么比这更好的了。”)”可知，令雷满意的事帮助对音乐特别感兴趣的人实现音乐梦想。故选D。8．B9．B10．C11．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小蚂蚁如何影响狮子的捕猎方式。8．词句猜测题。根据上文“Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetree’sleaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivores(蚂蚁正在积极攻击并赶走试图以树叶为食的食草动物。这是非常有效的；蚂蚁不仅在身体上伤害食草动物)”可知，蚂蚁对合欢树具有保护作用。由此猜测“ butalsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.”意为“蚂蚁还释放出可以阻止其他潜在攻击者的化学物质”，即deter意为“阻止”，与discourage同义。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Thisantinvasion(入侵)affectsonethingaftertheother.Itleavestheacaciatreesdefenselessagainstherbivoresespeciallyelephants.Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.(蚂蚁的入侵影响了一件又一件事。这使得金合欢树无法抵御食草动物，尤其是大象。大象吃金合欢的速度是未被入侵地区的5到7倍。狮子在寻找食物的时候，没有更多的树可以用来躲藏。)”可知，在食物链中大象破坏狮子的藏身之处。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere,”saidToddPalmer,anecologistfromFlorida.(来自佛罗里达州的生态学家托德·帕尔默(ToddPalmer)说:“这些微小的入侵者正在拉动非洲生态系统的纽带，决定谁被吃掉，在哪里被吃掉。”)”和最后一段“Thelions,whicharealreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusingtheirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.(已经濒临灭绝的狮子正在设法解决这个问题，不再把注意力集中在斑马身上。斑马，当然，可以更好地看到它们靠近，因为缺乏掩护。相反，它们的目标是水牛。)”可知，蚂蚁的入侵导致金合欢树大量被吃，使得狮子在狩猎时失去掩护，这导致以斑马为主食的狮子转而猎杀水牛。由此推知，作者提到狮子、斑马和水牛是为了说明动物在生态系统中是相互关联的。故选C。11．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章第一段“ButthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheirlifestyles.(但是东非的狮子应该关注这些看起来微不足道的蚂蚁，因为这些蚂蚁正在改变它们的生活方式。)”可知，文章主要介绍了小蚂蚁如何影响狮子的捕猎方式。故选C。12．B13．C14．A15．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了作者对在科学研究中“假设你是错的”这条建议的看法，并肯定了它所带来的好处。12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Hewasn’tobjectingtoanyparticularclaimI’dmade—hewasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience,andforencouragingotherstodothesame.(他并没有反对我的任何特定主张——他提出了一个追求更好科学的策略，并鼓励其他人也这样做。)”和第三段中的“Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertobeviewedasahelpfulpointer,aconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticprobablyshares.(相反，从你错了的假设开始，批评更容易被视为一个有用的提示，一个如何减少错误的建设性建议——这是你的批评者可能也有的同样目标)”可知，Nosek提出的这条建议是一个追求更好科学的策略，从假设自己错了开始，就会更容易接受批评，让自己减少错误，由此可推测出，Nosek提出这条建议是为了提醒作者对批评持开放态度。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertobeviewedasahelpfulpointer,aconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticprobablyshares.(相反，从你错了的假设开始，批评更容易被视为一个有用的提示，一个如何减少错误的建设性建议——这是你的批评者可能也有的同样目标)”可知，假设你错了可以帮助你获得如何减少错误的建设性建议，而减少错误或许是你和你的批评者的共同目标，由此可推测出，假设你错了可以帮助设立一个建设性的改进目标。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Justasscientifictheorieschange,sodoscientificmethods.(正如科学理论在变化，科学方法也在变化)”可知，作者认为科学理论是变化的、动态的。故选A。15．标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句“Ataconferencelastweek,Ireceivedaninterestingpieceofadvice:‘Assumeyouarewrong.’(在上周的一次会议上，我收到了一条有趣的建议：‘假设你错了。’)”和最后一段最后一句“Perhapsthefocusonasharedgoal—ourgoalasscientistsandhumansofbeinglesswrong—canhelpmakeupforanyharminscientificmotivationorcommunication.(也许关注一个共同的目标——我们作为科学家和人类的目标是减少错误——可以帮助弥补科学动机或沟通中的任何伤害)”可知，本文主要讨论了在科学研究中“假设你是错的”这个方法，它有助于让所有人关注减少错误这一共同目标，从而让科学取得进步，由此可推测出，B项“力求减少错误”最适合作本文标题。故选B。16．B17．E18．D19．C20．G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了老年人和年轻人交朋友给双方都会带来的好处。16．根据上文“Regardlessofhowyoumetthesepeople,theymostlikelyhaveonekeythingincommon(不管你是怎么认识这些人的，他们很可能有一个关键的共同点)”以及后文“A2023studyfoundthat,forthoseaged21to30,over80percentintheirsocialcircles,werebornwithinfiveyearsofthem.Moreover,nearly63percentofadultshavenoclosefriends15yearsolderoryoungerthanthem.(2023年的一项研究发现，对于21岁至30岁的人来说，社交圈中超过80%的人是在5年内出生的。此外，近63%的成年人没有比自己大或小15岁的亲密朋友。)”可知，本句主要说明上文提到的共同点是什么，结合后文的研究可知这些人都年纪接近。故B选项“他们都和你差不多大。”符合语境，故选B。17．根据后文“Ofcourse,theonesthatareoldermightofferabrieflookintothecomingyears.(当然，那些年龄较大的可能会让我们对未来几年有一个简要的了解。)”可知，后文提到了年龄大的朋友会让我们了解未来，与此对应的，可知本句是正在说明年轻的朋友会让我们想起过去。故E选项“年轻的朋友可以提醒你过去的自己。”符合语境，故选E。18．根据上文“Aprogramthatrunsschoolsoutofseniorcentershassaidalotaboutit.(一个在老年中心外开办学校的项目对此做了很多介绍。)”以及后文“DawnCarr,asociologyprofessor,saidmostolderpeoplegetmuchfrompracticalhelp—withnewtechnology,forinstance—theiryoungerfriendsoffered.(社会学教授道恩•卡尔说，大多数老年人从年轻朋友提供的实际帮助中获益良多，比如新技术。)”可知，本句主要说明项目介绍了老年人和年轻人相处会得到好处。故D选项“拉近距离，两者都看到了不止一个好处。”符合语境，故选D。19．根据后文“Havingfunwithsomeonedecadesyoungerdefinitelytakesofftheirpressureto“acttheirage”.(和比自己小几十岁的人玩得开心，绝对可以减轻他们“表现得像同龄人”的压力。)”可知，后文提到了年纪大的人和比自己小几十岁的人玩得开心，可以减轻心理压力，即心理层面的好处。故C选项“其他人可能会从接触新思想中找到乐趣。”符合语境，故选C。20．根据本段内容“Lila,ag