专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷37（共192题）

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷37(共

9套)

(共192题)

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷第1套

一、选择题(本题共22题，每题1.0分，共22分。)

(1)Wasthesummitasuccess?Itdependsonthestandardsyouusetomeasureit.

CertainlybythestandardsofpreviousG8summitsthisonehasachievedagreatdeal,

despitethedisruptioncausedbythebombingsinLondon,writesBBCeconomics

reporterSteveSchifferesinananalysispiece.Itisunprecedentedtoreachsubstantive

deals-suchasthe$50bn(£28.8bn)Africaaidboostanddebt-cancella-tiondeal-atsuch

meetings.(2)TheG8summitalsoagreedtoreneweffortstoforgeatradedeal,pledged

$3bnforthePalestinianauthority,andsaiditwouldincreaseaccesstoAidstreatment,

Schifferesnotes.(3)Thesummitbrokenewgroundbybringingpovertycampaignersand

leadersfromdevelopingcountriesfacetofacewiththeworld'seightmostpowerful

leaders.InthewordsofTonyBlair:"Itisn'ttheendofpovertyinAfrica,butitisthehope

thatitcanbeended."Ofcourse,thevariousdealsfallfarshortofwhatmany

campaignerswanted.Buttheyhavesetanimportantprecedentwhichcouldleadto

furtherdevelopmentsoverthecourseoftheyear,whenotherkeynegotiatingmeetings

aretakingplace.(4)SchifferesalsopointsoutthatofcoursetheG8summitdidnotsolve

alltheworld'sproblems.Butthereare,hewrites,threekeymeetingslaterthisyearwhere

campaignersandotherswillbeabletotesttheG8'srealresolve.InSeptember,theUN

meetsinaspecialsessioninNewYorktoconsiderreformandprogresstowardsreaching

themillenniumdevelopmentgoals.Willthemajorpowerspledgethesameincreasein

aid($25bn)fbrnon-Africancountriesthatisrequiredtolifttheirpooroutofpovertyby

2015?(5)InDecember,thetradeissueswillbeconfrontedhead-on,astheworldtrade

talksresumeinHongKonginalast-ditchefforttoreachadealafterfouryearsof

wrangling.Willrichnationsbepreparedtoeliminatetheiragriculturalsubsidiesinorder

toopentheirmarketstothepoorcountries?Andhowmuchwilltheytrytoforcethepoor

countriestoopentheirmarketsfirst?(6)AlsoinDecember,thecontractingpartiestothe

UNframeworkconventiononclimatechangewillmeetinMontrealtodiscusswhat

shouldhappenwhentheKyotoprotocolrunsoutin2012.Willtheybeabletoagreea

newregimetoregulateglobalemissionsthatwillincludebothdevelopingcountriesand

theUS?(7)Noneoftheseissuesiseasytoresolve.BuithepoliticalwillshownattheG8

doesatleastgivesomeofthesenegotiationsafightingchance,Schifferesconcludes.

(8)Alsoonthesummit,aneditorialintheBusinessTimesSingaporenotesthatlast

week'sG8summit,unlikemostpastmeetingsofthiswealthynationsgrouping,achieved

somesmallmeasureofprogress.Inadeparturefromthepast,BritishPrimeMinister

TonyBlair,thehost,gottheleaderstopersonallysignthefinalcommuniquelastweek

whichcoveredsomeofthebroadestissuessuchasaidioAfrica,climatechangeand

worldtrade.(9)ItaddsthatwhileaidtoAfricaisimportant,theG8leaderswouldhave

donemoreiftheyhadresolvedtotackletheissueofsubsidiestotheirownfarmerswhich

placespoorcountriesatadisadvantage.TheWorldBankreckonsthataboldtariff

reductioncouldinjectfunds10timestheaidflowsintotheAfricancontinent.Butwhenit

cametosettingtime-tablesforfarmsubsidycutsintheirowncountries,theleaders'

commitmentworethin.Theymerelyspokeabouttheneedtostopgovernmentsupportfor

agriculturalexports.ThetariffissuewillcomeupattheHongKongmeetingofthe

WorldTradeOrganizationinDecemberandtheworldwillseehowfarthesameleaders

willgoonthatissue,pointstheeditorial.(10)Ontheissueofclimatechange,thefailure

wasmoreglaring.TherestoftheleadersdrewablankwithPresidentBush,eventhough

sevenoutoftheeightnationshaveratifiedtheKyotoprotocol.ThoughMr.Blairwanted

G8countriestotaketheleadonreducingcarbondioxideemissions,thecommunique

avoidedsettingtargetsortimetablesassetoutinthe1997protocol.Forwhatit'sworth,

theUSwhichhasconsistentlychallengedthesciencebehindclimatechangewasfinally

forcedtoadmitthatglobalwarmingiscausedbyhumanactivity.(1l)Theeditorial

concludesthatitisincreasinglyclearmatsummitshavetogobeyondmerestatementsof

intentandrichcountriesmustavoidbackslidingontheircommitments.LastThursday's

terroristattacksinLondon,whichcastashadowondiscussionsatGleneagles,underscore

theneedforboldactionfbrthedevelopmentofstrongandstableeconomicsintherestof

theworld.

1、OnenewpointinthisG8meetingisto.

A^settlealltheworld'sproblemstoendthepovertyinpoorcountries

B、communicatebetweenthepovertycampaignersandworldleaders

C^eliminateagriculturalsubsidiestoopenmoremarketsforpoorcountries

D^regulatetheemissionsinvolvingbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干中的newpoint查到第3段第1句，该句指出这次峰会broke

newground(破天荒第一次)把povertycampaigners与theworld'seightmostpowerful

leaders召集在一起。所以选项B是正确答案。

2、ThefollowingissueswerecoveredinG8summitEXCEPT.

A、aidtoAfrica

B、worldtrade

C^climatechange

D、anti-terroristaction

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题干查到第8段，该段最后一句明确指出峰会讨论了对非洲的援

助、气候变化和世界贸易，只有选项D未被提及，所以选项D是正确答案。

3、Fromthedescriptioninthepassage,welearnthat.

A^thisG8meetingenabledadvancedcountriestocuttheiragriculturalsubsidies

thisG8summitisonlyastatementofzealtomeetallthepowerfulleaders

C、thisG8summitisofgreatsuccesstosomeextentinspiteoflittleachievement

D、G8countriesallplayedaleadingroleinreducingcarbondioxideemissions

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：文章开头三段充分肯定了这次峰会的成功。但从第4段开始，文章指

出峰会不可能解决所有问题、问题也很难解决、领导人在具体目标和时间制定上的

犹豫不决等等，可见，这次峰会虽然成功，实效不大。所以选项C是正确答案。

(l)Wasthesummitasuccess?Itdependsonthestandardsyouusetomeasureit.

CertainlybythestandardsofpreviousG8summitsthisonehasachievedagreatdeal,

despitethedisruptioncausedbythebombingsinLondon,writesBBCeconomics

reporterSteveSchifferesinananalysispiece.Itisunprecedentedtoreachsubstantive

deals—suchasthe$50bn(£28.8bn)Africaaidboostanddebt-cancella-tiondeal—atsuch

meetings.(2)TheG8summitalsoagreedtoreneweffortstoforgeatradedeal,pledged

$3bnfbrthePalestinianauthority,andsaiditwouldincreaseaccesstoAidstreatment,

Schifferesnotes.(3)Thesummitbrokenewgroundbybringingpovertycampaignersand

leadersfromdevelopingcountriesfacetofacewiththeworld'seightmostpowerful

leaders.InihewordsofTonyBlair:MIiisn'ttheendofpovertyinAfrica,buiitisthehope

thatitcanbeended."Ofcourse,thevariousdealsfallfarshortofwhatmany

campaignerswanted.Buttheyhavesetanimportantprecedentwhichcouldleadto

furtherdevelopmentsoverthecourseoftheyear,whenotherkeynegotiatingmeetings

aretakingplace.(4)SchifferesalsopointsoutthatofcoursetheG8summitdidnotsolve

alltheworld'sproblems.Butthereare,hewrites,threekeymeetingslaterthisyearwhere

campaignersandotherswillbeabletotesttheG8'srealresolve.InSeptember,theUN

meetsinaspecialsessioninNewYorktoconsiderreformandprogresstowardsreaching

themillenniumdevelopmentgoals.Willthemajorpowerspledgethesameincreasein

aid($25bn)fornon-Africancountriesthatisrequiredtolifttheirpooroutofpovertyby

2015?(5)InDecember,thetradeissueswillbeconfrontedhead-on,astheworldtrade

talksresumeinHongKonginalast-ditchefforttoreachadealafterfouryearsof

wrangling.Willrichnationsbepreparedtoeliminatetheiragriculturalsubsidiesinordcr

toopentheirmarketstothepoorcountries?Andhowmuchwilltheytrytoforcethepoor

countriestoopentheirmarketsfirst?(6)AlsoinDecember,thecontractingpartiestothe

UNframeworkconventiononclimatechangewillmeetinMontrealtodiscusswhat

shouldhappenwhentheKyotoprotocolrunsoutin2012.Willtheybeabletoagreea

newregimetoregulateglobalemissionsthatwillincludebothdevelopingcountriesand

theUS?(7)Noneoftheseissuesiseasytoresolve.ButthepoliticalwillshownattheG8

docsatleastgivesomeofthesenegotiationsafightingchance,Schifferesconcludes.

(8)Alsoonthesummit,aneditorialintheBusinessTimesSingaporenotesthatlast

week'sG8summit,unlikemostpastmeetingsofthiswealthynationsgrouping,achieved

somesmallmeasureofprogress.Inadeparturefromthepast,BritishPrimeMinister

TonyBlair,thehost,gottheleaderstopersonallysignihefinalcommuniquelastweek

whichcoveredsomeofthebroadestissuessuchasaid(oAfrica,climatechangeand

worldtrade.(9)ItaddsthatwhileaidtoAfricaisimportant,theG8leaderswouldhave

donemoreiftheyhadresolvedtotackletheissueofsubsidiestotheirownfarmersv/hich

placespoorcountriesatadisadvantage.TheWorldBankreckonsthataboldtariff

reductioncouldinjectfunds10timestheaidflowsintotheAfricancontinent.Butwhenit

cametosettingtime-tablesforfarmsubsidycutsintheirowncountries,theleaders'

commitinentworethin.Theymerelyspokeabouttheneedtostopgovernmentsupportfor

agriculturalexports.ThetariffissuewillcomeupattheHongKongmeetingofthe

WorldTradeOrganizationinDecemberandtheworldwillseehowfarthesameleaders

willgoonthatissue,pointstheeditorial.(10)Ontheissueofclimatechange,thefailure

wasmoreglaring.TherestoftheleadersdrewablankwithPresidentBush,eventhough

sevenoutoftheeightnationshaveratifiedtheKyotoprotocol.ThoughMr.Blairwanted

G8countriestotaketheleadonreducingcarbondioxideemissions,thecommunique

avoidedsettingtargetsortimetablesassetoutinthe1997protocol.Forwhatit'sworth,

theUSwhichhasconsistentlychallengedihesciencebehindclimatechangewasfinally

forcedtoadmitthatglobalwarmingiscausedbyhumanactivity.(11)Theeditorial

concludesthatitisincreasinglyclearmatsummitshavetogobeyondmerestatementsof

intentandrichcountriesmustavoidbackslidingontheircommitments.LastThursday's

terroristattacksinLondon,whichcastashadowondiscussionsatGleneagles,underscore

theneedforboldactionforthedevelopmentofstrongandstableeconomiesintherestof

theworld.

4、OnenewpointinthisG8meetingisto.

A、settlealltheworld'sproblemstoendthepovertyinpoorcountries

communicatebetweenthepovertycampaignersandworldleaders

C、eliminateagriculturalsubsidiestoopenmoremarketsforpoorcountries

D、regulatetheemissionsinvolvingbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干中的newpoint查到第3段第1句，该句指出这次峰会broke

newground(破天荒第一次)把povertycampaigners与theworld'seightmostpowerful

leaders召集在一起。所以选项B是正确答案。

5、ThefollowingissueswerecoveredinG8summitEXCEPT.

A、aidtoAfrica

B、worldtrade

CNclimatechange

D、anti-terroristaction

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题干查到第8段，该段最后一句明确指出峰会讨论了对非洲的援

助、气候变化和世界贸易，只有选项D未被提及，所以选项D是正确答案。

6、Fromthedescriptioninthepassage,welearnthat.

A^thisG8meetingenabledadvancedcountriestocuttheiragriculturalsubsidies

B、thisG8summitisonlyastatementofzealtomeetallthepowerfulleaders

C>thisG8suininitisofgreatsuccesstosomeextentinspiteoflittleachievement

D>G8countriesallplayedaleadingroleinreducingcarbondioxideemissions

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章开头三段充分肯定了这次峰会的成功。但从第4段开始，文章指

出峰会不可能解决所有问题、问题也很难解决、领导人在具体目标和时间制定上的

犹豫不决等等，可见，这次峰会虽然成功，实效不大。所以选项C是正确答案。

(l)ScotlandYard'stopfingerprintexpert,DetectiveChiefSuperintendentGerald

LambournchadarequestfromtheBritishMuseum'sPrehistoricDepartmenttoforcehis

magnifyingglassonamysterysomewhat"outsidemyusualbeat."(2)Thiswasnota

questionofWhodunit,butWhoWasIt.Thebluntinstrumentsheporedoverwerethe

antlersofreddeer,datedbyradio-carbonexaminationasbe-ingupto5,000yearsold.

TheywereusedasminingpicksbyNeolithicmantohackflintsandchalk,andthe

fingerprintshewaslookingforwereofourremoteancestorswhohadlastwieldedthem.

(3)TheantlerswereunearthedinJulyduringtheBritishMuseum'sfive-year-long

excavationatGrime'sGraves,nearThcrford,Norfolk,a93-acrcsitecontainingmore

than600verticalshaftsinthechalksome40feetdeep.Fromartifactsfoundinmany

partsofBritainitisevidentthatflintwasextensivelyusedbyNeolithicmanasheslowly

learnedhowtofarmlandintheperiodfrom3,000to1,500B.C.(4)Flintwasespecially

usedforax-headstoclearforestsforagriculture,andthequalityoftheflintonthe

Norfolksitesuggeststhattheminerstherewerekeptbusywithmanyorders.(5)What

excitedMr.G.deG.Sieveking,themuseum'sdeputydirectoroftheexcavations,wasthe

driedmudstillstickingtosomeofthem."Ourdeductionisthattheminerscoatedthe

baseoftheantlerswithmudsothattheycouldgetabettergrip,"hesays."Iheexciting

possibilitywasmatfingerprintsleftinthismudmightatlastidentifyasindividualsas

peoplewhohaveleftfewrelics,whocouldnotreadorwrite,butwhomayhavehad

muchmoreintelligencethanhadbeensupposedinthepast.'1(6)ChiefSuperintendent

Lambourne,whofouryearsagohad"assisted"theBritishMuseumbytakingthe

fingerprintsofa4000-year-oldEgyptianmummy,spenttwohourslastweekexamining

about50antlers.Onsomehefoundminutemarksindicatingahumanhand—thatpartof

thehandjustbelowthefingerswheremostpressurewouldbebroughttobearthe

wieldingofapick.(7)After25years'specializationintheYard'sfingerprintsdepartment,

ChiefSuperintendentLambourneknowsallaboutridgestructures-technicallyknownas

the"tri-radiatcsection".(8)Itwashisidentificationofthatpartofthehandthathelpedto

incriminatesomeoftheGreatTrainRobbers.In1995hediscoveredsimilarhandprints

onabloodstainedtee-makeronagolf-coursewhereawomanhadbeenbrutally

murdered.Theyeventuallyledtothekiller,after4,065handprintshadbeentaken.

(9)ChicfSuperintendentLambourchadagreedtovisittheNorfolksiteduringfurther

excavationsnextsummer,whenitishopedthatfurtherhand-markedantlerswillcometo

light.Butheiscautiousaboutthehistoricsignificanceofhisfindings.(10)"Fingerprints

andhandprintsareuniquetoeachindividualbuttheycantellnothingabouttheage,

physicalcharacteristics,evensexofthepersonwholeftthem,"hesays."Eventhefinger

printsofgorillacouldbemistakenforthoseofaman.Butifanumberofimprinted

antlersarerecoveredfromgivenshaftsonthissiteIcouldatleastdeterminewhich

antlerswerehandledbythesameman,andfromtheremightbededucedthenumberof

minersemployedinateam."(1l)"AsindicationofintelligenceImightdeterminein

whichwaytheminersheldtheantlersandhowtheywieldedthem."(12)ToMr.

Sievekingandhismuseumcolleaguesanysuchfindingswilladdtotheirdossierofwhat

mightappeartothelaymanastrivialandunrelatedfactsbutfromwhichmightemerge

onedayanimpressivenewimageofourremoteancestors.

7、Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A>ChiefSuperintendentLambournewaswillingtoaccepttherequest

B、ChiefSuperintendentLambournewasfamiliarwiththetaskhewasaskedtodo

C、thetaskthistimewasquitedifferentfromwhathedidbefore

D、heisonememberoftheBritishMuseum'sPrehistoricDepartment

标准答案：C

知识点常析：文章第1段说苏格兰的首席指纹专家、高级警司应大英博物馆的史前

部要求协助解一个谜，原文用了outsidemyusualbeat（非自己本行的，非自己所擅

长的），说明C是正确答案。

8、Accordingtothepassage,theantlerswereusedto.

A、ploughthefieldsforcultivation

B、cutthewoodsforagriculture

C^obtainusefultoolsforwork

D、minemorecoals

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干中theantlers查找至第2段，该段第3句指出antler（鹿角）被

用作miningpickstohackflintsandchalk（挖掘燧石和白垩的工具），而根据下面的段

落可看出燧石等是新石器时代的人用来开荒种田的，所以C是正确答案。

9、Accordingtothepassage,ChiefSuperintendentLambourne.

A^wasagreatarchaeologisttodiscovertheworld'smystery

hadvisitedtheNorfolksiteinorderlostudytheantlers

C^coulddeterminetheintelligenceofNeolithicmanbythefingerprints

D^oncehelpedsolveamurdercasebydiscriminatingthefingerprints

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题目选项查到第8段，该段说明Lambourne的发现曾帮助侦破

一起谋杀案，所以选项D是正确答案。

10、TheattitudeofChiefSuperintendentLambournetowardsthefindingsis.

A、optimistic

B、prudent

C、suspicious

D、emotional

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干杳到第9段，该段的cautious一词说明Lambourne对发现持

谨慎态度，所以选项B是正确答案。

（l）ScotlandYard'stopfingerprintexpert.DetectiveChiefSuperintendentGerald

LambournehadarequestfromtheBritishMuseum'sPrehistoricDepartmenttoforcehis

magnifyingglassonamysterysomewhat"outsidemyusualbeat."（2）Thiswasnota

questionofWhodunit,butWhoWasIt.Thebluntinstrumentsheporedoverwerethe

antlersofreddeer,datedbyradio-carbonexaminationasbc-ingupto5,000yearsold.

TheywereusedasminingpicksbyNeolithicmantohackflintsandchalk,andthe

fingerprintshewaslookingforwereofourremoteancestorswhohadlastwieldedthem.

(3)TheantlerswereunearthedinJulyduringtheBritishMuseum'sfive-year-long

excavationatGrime'sGraves,nearTherford,Norfolk,a93-acresitecontainingmore

than600verticalshaftsinthechalksome40feetdeep.Fromartifactsfoundinmany

partsofBritainitisevidentthatflintwasextensivelyusedbyNeolithicmanasheslowly

learnedhowtofarmlandintheperiodfrom3,000to1,500B.C.(4)FIintwasespecially

usedforax-hcadstoclearforestsforagriculture,andthequalityoftheflintonthe

Norfolksitesuggeststhattheminerstherewerekeptbusywithmanyorders.(5)What

excitedMr.G.deG.Sieveking,themuseum'sdeputydirectoroftheexcavations,wasthe

driedmudstillstickingtosomeofthem."Ourdeductionisthattheminerscoatedthe

baseoftheantlerswithmudsothattheycouldgetabettergrip,"hesays.HTheexciting

possibilitywasmatfingerprintsleftinthismudmightatlastidentifyasindividualsas

peoplewhohaveleftfewrelics,whocouldnotreadorwrite,butwhomayhavehad

muchmoreintelligencethanhadbeensupposedinthepast."(6)ChicfSuperintendent

Lambourne,whofouryearsagohad"assisted"theBritishMuseumbytakingthe

fingerprintsofa4000-year-oldEgyptianmummy,spenttwohourslastweekexamining

about50antlers.Onsomehefoundminutemarksindicatingahumanhand—thatpartof

thehandjustbelowthefingerswheremostpressurewouldbebroughttobearthe

wieldingofapick.(7)After25years'specializationintheYard'sfingerprintsdepartment,

ChiefSuperintendentLambourneknowsallaboutridgestructures—technicallyknownas

the"tri-radiatcsection".(8)Itwashisidentificationofthatpartofthehandthathelpedto

incriminatesomeoftheGreatTrainRobbers.In1995hediscoveredsimilarhandprints

onabloodstainedtee-makeronagolf-coursewhereawomanhadbeenbrutally

murdered.Theyeventuallyledtothekiller,after4,065handprintshadbeentaken.

(9)ChiefSuperintendentLambourehadagreedtovisittheNorfolksiteduringfurther

excavationsnextsummer,whenitishopedthatfurtherhand-markedantlerswillcometo

light.Butheiscautiousaboutthehistoricsignificanceofhisfindings.(10)"Fingerprints

andhandprintsarcuniquetoeachindividualbuttheycantellnothingabouttheage,

physicalcharacteristics,evensexofthepersonwholeftthem,"hesays."Eventhefinger

printsofgorillacouldbemistakenforthoseofaman.Butifanumberofimprinted

antlersarerecoveredfromgivenshaftsonthissiteIcouldatleastdeterminewhich

antlerswerehandledbythesameman,andfromtheremightbededucedthenumberof

minersemployedinateam."(1l)"AsindicationofintelligenceImightdeterminein

whichwaytheminersheldtheantlersandhowtheywieldedthem."(12)ToMr.

Sicvckingandhismuseumcolleaguesanysuchfindingswilladdtotheirdossierofwhat

mightappeartothelaymanastrivialandunrelatedfactsbutfromwhichmightemerge

onedayanimpressivenewimageofourremoteancestors.

11Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A^ChiefSuperintendentLambournewaswillingtoaccepttherequest

ChiefSuperintendentLambournewasfamiliarwiththetaskhewasaskedtodo

C>thetaskthistimewasquitedifferentfromwhathedidbefore

D^heisonememberoftheBritishMuseum'sPrehistoricDepartment

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第1段说苏格兰的首席指纹专家、高级警司应大英博物馆的史前

部要求协助解一个谜，原文用了outsidemyusualbeat（非自己本行的，非自己所擅

长的），说明C是正确答案。

12、Accordingtothepassage,theantlerswereusedto.

A、ploughthefieldsforcultivation

B、cutthewoodsforagriculture

C、obtainusefultoolsfbrwork

D、minemorecoals

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干中iheantlers查找至第2段，该段第3句指出anUer(鹿角)被

用作miningpickstohackflintsandchalk(挖掘燧石和白垩的匚具)，而根据下面的段

落可看出燧石等是新石器时代的人用来开荒种田的，所以C是正确答案。

13、Accordingtothepassage,ChiefSuperintendentLamboume.

A^wasagreatarchaeologisttodiscovertheworld'smystery

B、hadvisitedtheNorfolksiteinordertostudytheantlers

C、coulddeterminetheintelligenceofNeolithicmanbythefingerprints

D、oncehelpedsolveamurdercasebydiscriminatingthefingerprints

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题目选项查到第8段，该段说明Lamboume的发现曾帮助侦破

一起谋杀案，所以选项D是正确答案。

14、TheattitudeofChiefSuperintendentLambournetowardsthefindingsis.

A、optimistic

B、prudent

C、suspicious

D、emotional

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干查到第9段，该段的cautious一词说明Lambourne对发现持

谨慎态度，所以选项B是正确答案。

(I)TheNorwegiangovernmentjustgaveLarsSelhheimmorethan$5,000.Whydidthe

32-year-olddairyfarmerneedsuchahandout?Totakehisfamilycamping,ofcourse.

(2)Thatmaysoundcrazy,buthereinNorwayitmakessense.Sinceeveryonedeservesan

annualvacation,thegovernmentreasons,itshouldpayfortemporaryworkerstomilkthe

cowssothatfarmerscangetaway.Welfareisnotbashedherebutcelebratedby

politiciansofallstripes.Whenacenter-tightcoalitiontookpowerlastyearfromaleft­

leaninggovernment,ildidn'treininsocialspending.Rather,itraisedpensionsand

advocatedcashpaymentstoparentscaringfbrinfants.(3)Norwayservesupanamazing

menuofentitlements.Healthcareisguaranteedtoeveryone,andit'sfreeafterthefirst

$172inpersonalmedicalcostseachyear.Disabledpeoplereceivingspeciallyequipped

carsandwheelchairstogetaround.Universityeducationisfree.Maternityleavestretches

for42weeksatfullpay.Manyarthritissufferersgetanall-expense-paidtriptoaspain

theCanaryIslands.Sickleavecanlastayearatfullsalary.Stay-at-homeparentsearna

publicpension.NorwegianswholiveaboveArcticCirclegettaxbreaks;poetsand

paintersgetsubsidies.(4)WhatmakessuchgenerositypossibleisNorthSeapetroleum.

NorwayistheWorld'sNo.2exporterofcrudeoilandNo.3exporterofnaturalgas.Last

year,thoseindustriesnettedthestate$12.3billion,orabout$2,800foreverycitizen.

Still,thewelfaresystemiscostly-anyoneearningmorethan$36,000ayearpaysthetop

incometaxrateof49.5percent.Sintaxesarehightoo,drivingupthepriceofabeeratan

ordinarybarto$6andthepriceofapackofcigarettestoS7.Norwegianscomplainabout

waitinglistsforsomemedicalprocedures,andmanyofthewealthyoptforprivatehealth

care.Yetopinionpollsshowmostpeopletobecontent,"There'sageneralconsensusthat

youshouldtakecareofthepoorest,"saysTorHersougoftheConfederationof

NorwegianBusinessandIndustry."Wehavesomuchmoney.Wecanaffordit."(5)The

inclinationtosharethewealthisdeeplyrootedinhardscrabblefarmsandfishinghamlets.

Thisisasmallcountry(4.4millionpeople)moreaccustomedtopovertythanprivilege.

Flauntingone'smoney—the"conspicuousconsumption"thatthelateNorwegian-

AmericaneconomistThorsteinVeblencondemned—ismorethanvulgar;it's,well,un­

Norwegian.TheclosestthingtoanationalcreedissomethingcalledJantclaw,avillage

maximthatwarnspeoplenottoactasthoughtheyarebetterthananyoneelse.Americans

familiarwiththedenizensofGarrisonKeillor'sfictionalLakeWobegonwouldrecognize

thementality.Here,it'sanationalpolicy:"Thephilosophyistokeepthetraditional

equalitywe'vehad,"saysMagnhildMeltveitKleppa,ministerforsocialaffairs.(6)Still,

thereareworriesinthewelfarestate.SomefretthatNorwegians,whoseideaofvacation

istoroughitinunheatedmountaincabins,arcgoingsoft.Singleparenthoodisonthe

rise,andconservauveness(cappedbyafuneralgrant)erodesinitiative.Asaresult,the

PrimeMinister,anordainedLutheranPastorwhoscandalizedsomeconstituentsby

puffingonacigarinpublic,haslauncheda"valuescommission"tofostertraditional

mores.(7)Thenthereisthefearof"oiladdiction".AfallincrudepricessentNorway's

economytumblinginthemid-80s,andthecurrentdropinoilpricesislowering

governmentrevenues.Interestratesareupandinflationmaynotbefarbehind.Sothe

risk-averseNorwegiansarcsockingawaymostofthepetroleumprofitsinanational

rainy-dayfund.Justeightyearsfromnow,Norwayexpectstoearnmorefromits

investmentsthanfromitsoldfangledmagnanimity,indefinitely.^WeYeluckyin

Norway.'1saysasmilingfarmerSelheim.Luckyindeedbutcertainlynobelterthan

anyoneelse.

15、TheNorwegiangovernmentgavethedairyfarmermoneyforhisvacation,because

he.

A、isanexcellentworkerwithhighskills

B、hastherighttoenjoyanannualvacation

C、canmilkthecowtoproducemoremilk

D、bringspeoplethefreshmilkeveryday

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干定位到原文第2段，该段第2句指出在挪威每个人都享有度

假的权利，所以奶农自然也不例外，选项B是正确答案。

16、TheNorwegiansenjoythefollowingwelfareEXCEPT.

A^theirfreehealthcareisofferedafterpayinginitialmedicalcostseachyear

B、disabledpersonsreceivedspccially-usedcarsandwhe