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舟山中学高二第一学期第一次英语素养测评
注意事项:
1.本卷满分150分,考试时间100分钟;
2.答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
3.选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干
净后,再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上,否则无效。
第I卷
第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到
答题纸上。
第一节:(共5小题;每小题L5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.WhatwilltheboydoonSaturday?
A.Takeanexam.B.Playoutside.C.Studyhard.
2.Whatdidthewomanleavebehind?
A.Herpurse.B.Herkeys.C.Herbag.
3.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?
A.Atabar.B.Onabridge.C.Inahouse.
4.Whenwillthespeakersarrive?
A.Atabout1:30.B.Atabout2:00.C.Atabout2:30.
5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?
A.Afootballgame.B.Anewfilm.C.Aweekendplan.
第二节:(共15小题,每小题L5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中
选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟:听完后,各
小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。
6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthematch?
A.ExcitingB.Discouraging.C.Boring.
7.WhatdothespeakersplantodoonTuesdayafternoon?
A.Watchagame.B.Playtennis.C.Gotothecinema.
听第7段材料,回答8至10题
8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?
A.Classmates.B.Brotherandsister.C.Teacherandstudent.
9.Howdoesthemansound?
A.Uninterested.B.Delighted.C.Annoyed.
10.Whyisthemaninterestedinspacetravel?
A.Heenjoysstudyingphysics.B.Hewantstobeanastronaut.C.Helikessciencefictionmovies.
听第8段材料,回答U至13题
11.WhatcolorarethejeansJenniferFoxordered?
A.Lightblue.B.Darkblue.C.Lightdark.
12.WhatdoesthemanaskJenniferFoxtodo?
A.Deliverthejeansback.B.Contactthesalesperson.C.Checktheordernumber.
13.Whatwillthemanconfirm?
A.Thedeliveryinformation,B.Theoriginalprice.C.Thediscount.
听第9段材料,回答14至17题
14.Whycan'tthemanstayfocused?
A.Hehastoomanythingstodealwith.B.Hehasadifficultdecisiontomake.C.Hehasaquarrelwithhis
girlfriend.
15.Whenshouldthemanreplytothecompany?
A.Bytheendoftheweek.B.Bytheendofthemonth.C.Bythebeginningofnextmonth.
16.Whatispartoftheman'sproblem?
A.Hisgirlfrienddoesn'tsupporthisdecision.
B.Helacksthemoneyforhisdoctoralprogram.
C.Hisparentsandadviserhavedifferentopinions.
17.Whydoesn'ttheman'sgirlfriendagreetogetmarriednow?
A.Shehasn'tgraduatedyet.B.Theyhaven'tstartedtheircareersyet.C.Theyhaven51wontheirparents9
approval
听第10段材料,回答18至20题
18.HowdidTedconnectwithhisstudents?
A.Byplayingchesswiththem.B.Bydealingwiththeirstruggles.C.Byhelpingwiththeirhomework.
19.Whataredozensofstudentsgoingtodothisweek?
A.Jointheschool?schessteam.B.VisitachessteaminNashville.C.Participateinanationalchess
competition.
2O.WhatlessonhavethestudentslearnedfromTed?
A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Thinktwicebeforetakingaction.C.Takeactionbeforeitgetstoolate.
第二部分:阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节:(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
VisitIceland一ASpace-likeOdyssey(奇幻历险)
Withallofitsuniqueexperiences,atriptoIcelandwilltakeyourbreathaway.Icelandistrulyanoutdoor
enthusiast'sparadise.IfyouareplanningtovisitIceland,chooseonefromthehandpickedtouroperators.
ELDHESTAR-Volcanohorse-riding
AtEldhestarwedevelopactivitiestocombinepleasure,comfortandadventureinawayofrespectingnature.
Weoffervariousridingtoursallyearround.Forexperiencedriders,theadventureof6-7daysonhorsebackinthe
Icelandichighlandsishighlyrecommended.
CONTACT:480-4800;info@;www.eldhestar.is
ADVENTUREVIKINGS
Justjoinourgreatselectionofscheduleddaytoursavailableallyearround!Weprovidediverseadventuresfrom
easyhikingtoextremesportsandwecanevenplanacustomizedadventureforyou.Wearealsothefirsttooffer
surfingschoolforbeginnersinIceland.
CONTACT:571-2900;info@;www.adventurevikings.is
EXTREMEICELANDICADVENTURES
Weareatouroperator,withafocusontoursandadventuresinthenorthofIceland.Ifyouwanttoexplore
Icelandbyhiking,snowmobiling,drivingsuperjeepsorparachuting(跳伞),sendusanemailandwefixwhatyou
need.
INTOTHEGLACIER
JoinIntotheGlacierforanadventurethatwillleadyoutotheuntouchedbeautyandrawnatureofLangjokull,
Iceland'ssecondlargestglacierIfsanopportunityofalifetimeaswejourneyupthewhiteslopesandgodeepinside
theman-madeicetunnels.
CONTACT:578-2550;info@;otheglacier.is
ThereisalwaysanadventurewaitingtohappeninIceland.ClickhereandlookformorethingstodoinIceland!
1.WhichnumberwouldyoudialifyouwanttotrywatersportsinIceland?
A.862-7988.B.578-2550.C.571-2900.D.480-4800.
2.Whatdothetraveloperatorshaveincommon?
A.Theybestsuitoutdoorlovers.B.TheyarelocatedinnorthernIceland.
C.Theyprovideservicesallyearround.D.Theyofferextremesportsexperiences.
3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?
A.Atraveljournal.B.Anacademicarticle.
C.Atravelwebsite.D.Ageographymagazine.
【答案】l.C2.A3.C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是为计划去冰岛旅游的户外爱好者精心挑选的几家旅行社。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据ADVENTUREVIKINGS部分中的"Wearealsothefirsttooffersurfingschoolforbeginners
inIceland.(我们也是冰岛第一家为初学者提供冲浪学校的公司。)”和“CONTACT:571-2900(联系电话:571-
2900)”可知,ADVENTUREVIKINGS是一家提供冲浪运动的公司,所以,如果想参加水上运动,应拨打的
电话是571-2900。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题o根据首段中的"Withallofitsuniqueexperiences,atriptoIcelandwilltakeyourbreathaway.Iceland
istrulyanoutdoorenthusiast'sparadise.IfyouareplanningtovisitIceland,chooseonefi-omthehandpickedtour
operators4冰岛的独特经历会让你大吃一惊。冰岛确实是户外运动爱好者的天堂。如果你计划去冰岛旅游,
可以从精心挑选的旅行社中选择一家。)”可知,冰岛是户外运动爱好者的天堂,本文主要介绍的是为计划
去冰岛旅游的人们挑选的几家旅行社,所以这几家旅行社的共同点为:最适合户外运动的爱好者。故选A
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据尾段中的"ThereisalwaysanadventurewaitingtohappeninIceland.Clickhereandlookfor
morethingstodoinIceland!(冰岛总有一场冒险在等着你。点击这里寻找更多在冰岛可以做的事情!)"可知,
点击此处可以找到更多在冰岛可做的事情,由此可知,本文应该是取自于旅游网站。故选C项。
Familyvlogging-thefrequentrecordinganduploadingofpersonalvideosofthefamily,usuallyonvideo
sharingwebsite-hasbecomebigbusinessnowadays,especiallyamongparentsofyoungchildren.Themore
viewerssuchvideoscanget,themoremoneythefamilycanmake.Atfirstthought,itdoesseemlikeaneasywayto
makemoney.However,arewedoingrightbyputtingtheirlivesupforpublicattention?
Foronething,asthechildrengrowup,theyincreasinglybecomeawarethatwhattheydoneedstobeadmirable
enoughforthepublictoenjoy-Beingyoungchildren,theyalsowouldwanttodowhateverittakestopleaseothers.
Theythenfeelthepressuretobeperfect,andasthatissomethingnotalwayspossible,theybecomeanxiousand
stressed.Commentsfromviewersandtheexpectationsofsponsors(赞助者)canalsoaffecttheparents9reactions
towardstheirchildren.
Anotherproblemisthelackofprivacyinthechildren'slives.Asthechildrenreachadolescence,thereisa
greaserneedforpersonalspace.At12or13,veryfewchildrenwouldappreciatebeingfilmedwhileeatingorhaving
aconversationwiththeirfriends.Teenhoodisatimeofsignificantchangeinanindividual,bothphysicallyand
emotionally,andisatimewhenparentsneedtoprotecttheirchildrenandguidethem,insteadofexposingthemto
theeyesofthepublic.
Familyvloggingcanbeirresistible,givenhowitallowsparentstobringgreaterfuntotheirfamilylives.There
isalsotheeasymoneyandthefametolookforwardto.Indeed,allwouldprobablygowell,butonlyaslongas
parentskeepinmindthat,ifnotmanagedwell,makingtheirchildrenlivetheirlivesintheunforgivingeyesofthe
publiccouldprovetobeabigmistake.
4.Howdoesvloggingaboutchildren'slivesinfluencethefamily?
A.Childrenwillgetusedtopublicattention.
B.Childrenmaysufferfromtoomuchpressure.
C.Parentsmayshownoconcernfortheirchildren.
D.Parentsbecomeaddictedtoexposingtheirchildrentothepublic.
5.Howdoesthewritermainlydevelophisargument?
A.ByprovidingexamplesB.Bylistingnumbers
C.BymakingcomparisonsD.Byanalyzingcauses
6.Whafsthewriter'spurposeofwritingthetext?
A.Tointroduceanewbigbusiness
B.Toshowhowvlogginginfluencepeople'slives.
C.Topersuadeparentstowatchoutforcommentsfromviewers.
D.Toconvinceparentsofthedangerofvloggingaboutchildren'slives.
7.Whafsthewriter'sattitudetovloggingaboutchildren'slives?
A.negativeB.positiveC.neutralD.uninterested
【答案】4.B5.D6.D7.A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了家庭视频微博中把孩子的生活公之于众对孩子的影响,以此让家长
相信关于孩子生活的视频微博存在的危险。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Foronething,asthechildrengrowup,theyincreasinglybecomeawarethat
whattheydoneedstobeadmirableenoughforthepublictoenjoy—Beingyoungchildren,theyalsowouldwant
todowhateverittakestopleaseothers.Theythenfeelthepressuretobeperfect,andasthatissomethingnot
alwayspossible,theybecomeanxiousandstressed.(一方面,随着孩子们的成长,他们越来越意识到他们所做
的事情需要足够令人钦佩,以供公众欣赏一一作为孩子,他们也会想尽一切办法取悦别人。然后,他们会
感到要完美的压力,因为这并不总是可能的,他们变得焦虑和压力。)”可知,孩子们为了取悦于公众,他
们会感到要完美的压力,从而变得焦虑和压力,所以关于孩子的视频博客会让孩子感到很大的压力。故选
B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Foronething,asthechildrengrowup,theyincreasinglybecomeawarethat
whattheydoneedstobeadmirableenoughforthepublictoenjoy-Beingyoungchildren,theyalsowouldwant
todowhateverittakestopleaseothers.(一方面,随着孩子们的成长,他们越来越意识到他们所做的事情需要
足够令人钦佩,以供公众欣赏一一作为孩子,他们也会想尽一切办法取悦别人。)”以及第三段中的
“Anotherproblemisthelackofprivacyinthechildren'slives.Asthechildrenreachadolescence,thereisa
greaserneedforpersonalspace.(另一个问题是孩子们生活中缺乏隐私。随着孩子们进入青春期,他们对个人
空间的需求越来越大。)”可知,作者在首段陈述观点后,在下文中从两个方面分析了家庭视频博客将关于
孩子生活的视频公布于众产生的一些问题,所以,作者是通过分析原因的方式来展开他的论点的。故选D
项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的However,arewedoingrightbyputtingtheirlivesupforpublicattention?(然而,
我们把他们的生活公之于众是对的吗?)"可知,作者在首段用提问的方式引出本文的主题一一把孩子的生
活公之于众,对吗?接下来从两个方面分析了家庭视频博客将孩子的生活公之于众存在的问题,结合尾段
中的Indeed,allwouldprobablygowell,butonlyaslongasparentskeepinmindthat,ifnotmanagedwell,
makingtheirchildrenlivetheirlivesintheunforgivingeyesofthepubliccouldprovetobeabigmistake.(事实
上,一切都可能顺利进行,但前提是父母要记住,如果管理不善,让孩子在公众无情的目光下生活可能会
是一个巨大的错误。)”可知,作者提醒家长,如果管理不善,把孩子公之于众可能是一个巨大的错误,所
以本文的目的是让家长相信关于孩子生活的视频微博是有危险的。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“However,arewedoingrightbyputtingtheirlivesupforpublicattention?(然而,
我们把他们的生活公之于众是对的吗?)"可知,作者在首段用提问的方式引出本文的主题,说明作者对此
做法持怀疑态度,结合尾段中的“Indeed,allwouldprobablygowell,butonlyaslongasparentskeepinmind
that,ifnotmanagedwell,makingtheirchildrenlivetheirlivesintheunforgivingeyesofthepubliccouldproveto
beabigmistake.(事实上,一切都可能顺利进行,但前提是父母要记住,如果管理不善,让孩子在公众无情
的目光下生活可能会是一个巨大的错误。)”可知,作者通过分析,向家长阐明,如果管理不善,把孩子公
之于众可能是一个巨大的错误,由此可推断,作者对关于孩子生活的家庭视频微博持否定的态度。故选A
项。
C
You'veprobablyeatenahotdogandfeltliketheunderdog——buthaveyoueverspottedasundog?
Asundogisaweathereventthatcausestwobrightburstsofrainbowcoloredlighttoappearoneithersideof
thesun.Itislocatedapproximately22degreeseitherleft,right,orboth,fromthesun,dependingonwheretheice
crystals(冰晶体)are.Ifthesunwereaclock,youwouldseethemaround3o5clockand9o'clock.Sometimes
sundogsappearwithahalo(光环)aroundthesun.Theycanbeverybeautiful,withareddishglowclosesttothesun
andabluishwhitecenter.Sundogscanbeseenduringanyseasonbutaremostoftenseenduringthewintermonths
whenthesunislowerinthesky.Youarealsomorelikelytoseethemearlyorlateintheday,whenthesunisnear
thehorizon(地平线).Themostbrilliantsundogshappenonsunnydays.
Conditionsneedtobejustrightforsundogstoappear.Sunlightpassesthroughhigh,coldcirrusclouds(卷云).
Thesecloudscontainflat,6-sidedicecrystals.Iftheplate-likecrystalsgotowardthegroundhorizontallywiththe
largefacetowardstheearth,lightisreflectedthroughthesides.Thecrystalsactasprisms(棱镜),separatingthelight
andmakingthesundog.
Throughouthistory,sundogshavebeenusedtopredictweatherbecausetheyoftenindicatethatsnoworrainis
onitsway.Somepeoplebelievedthatsundogswereasignofgoodluckorencouragement,whileotherssawthemas
awarningfromGod.
FamousauthorssuchasWilliamShakespeareandJackLondonhavedescribedsundogsinstoriesandpoemsas
bothfrighteningandamazing.Artistshavebeeninspiredtocatchthebeautyofsundogsindrawingspaintings,and
photography,androckbandshaveevenwrittensongsaboutthem.
8.Whatcanwelearnaboutsundogsfromthesecondparagraph?
A.Sundogscanbeusedtotellthetime.B.Sundogsaremostcommoninwinter.
C.Sundogsalwayscomeafterarainbow.D.Sundogspredictthecomingofsunnydays.
9.Inwhichsituationwillsundogscomeintobeing?
A.Thecloudsseparatethesunlight.
B.Theplateturnsitsfacetowardstheearth.
C.Thecrystalsgotowardthegroundhorizontally.
D.Icecrystalsarepositionedwiththeirflatsideshorizontaltotheground.
10.Whydopeopleusesundogstopredictweather?
A.BecausepeoplethinktheystandforbadluckB.Becausesundogsarebeyondtheirrecognition.
C.Becausearainorsnowoftencomesafterthem.D.BecausepeopleconsideritasawarningfromGod.
11.WhydoestheauthormentionShakespeareandJackLondon?
A.Toprovesundogsaremagicalevents.
B.Toshowsundogshavelongattractedgreatattention.
C.Toencouragewriterstodescribesundogsintheirworks.
D.Toremindpeoplethattheyaregoodatwritingstoriesandpoems
【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一种罕见的大气光学现象一一幻日,介绍了它的形成原理和形成
条件等。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sundogscanbeseenduringanyseasonbutaremostoftenseenduringthe
wintermonthswhenthesunislowerinthesky.(在任何季节都可以看到幻日,但最常见的是在太阳较低的冬
季。)”可知,幻日在任何季节都会出现,但在冬季是最常见的。故选B项。
9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Iftheplate-likecrystalsgotowardthegroundhorizontallywiththelargeface
towardstheearth,lightisreflectedthroughthesides.Thecrystalsactasprisms(棱镜),separatingthelightand
makingthesundog.(如果片状晶体水平朝向地面,大面朝向地球,光线会从侧面反射。晶体充当棱镜,分离
光线并制造出幻日。)”可知,冰晶垂直向下,平坦的侧面与地面平行,此时晶体充当棱镜,反射太阳光
线,从而产生幻日现行,所以,冰晶的侧面与地面平行是形成幻日的条件。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的^Throughouthistory,sundogshavebeenusedtopredictweatherbecause
theyoftenindicatethatsnoworrainisonitsway.(纵观历史,幻日一直被用来预测天气,因为它们经常预示着
雪或雨即将来临。)”可知,历史上人们用幻日预测天气,是因为它们的出现预示着要下雨或下雪,也就是
雨或雪就在幻日之后出现。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据尾段中的uFamousauthorssuchasWilliamShakespeareandJackLondonhavedescribed
sundogsinstoriesandpoemsasbothfrighteningandamazing.(威廉•莎士比亚(WilliamShakespeare)和杰
克•伦敦(JackLondon)等著名作家在故事和诗歌中将幻日描述为既可怕又令人惊奇。)”可知,莎士比
亚与杰克•伦敦分别是十六世纪和十九世纪的作家,他们的作品中都有关于幻日的描述,由此可知,幻日
现象由来已久,所以,文章提到他们是为了说明幻日现象长期以来被人们关注。故选B项。
D
Humanshavemanyuniquebehaviorsamonganimals.Forexample,wehaveaformallanguagethatpermits
communicationaboutthingsthatexistinthepast,present,andfuture.Yetweshareatleastoneemotionwithmany
otherspeciesfear.
Toreallyunderstandourfearswehavetogofurthertostudyhowanimalslongbeforehumanscameintobeing
assessed(评估)andmanagedpredation(捕食)riskinthewild.Allanimals,pastandpresent,mustassesslife
threateningpredationrisks(风险)andmakedecisionstoavoidorotherwisemanagethoserisks.Itisaproper
balance:beingtoofearfuliscostlyiffearmeansthatyoumissoutongettingfood,mates,orotherimportant
resources.However,beingtoobrazencouldendverypoorlyindeed.Itisthecontextthatinfluencesalldecisions.
Ifthey'rehungry,ifswisetotakemorerisksortheywillgohungry.And,ifthey9repowerfulandcanstealfood
fromothersatwill,perhapsit'sOKtobeabitmorecareful.Successfulindividualsarethosethatmakeright
assessment,andbecauseofthis,leavemoredescendants.
Naturalexpressionsoffearinfluencethestructureofecologicalcommunities,andtheremovalofpredators
changesentireecosystems.Tomanagepredationrisks,animalsmodify(调整)theiractivitypatterns,habitatselection,
andtheirdiet.FearofpredatorscanalsoreduceanindividuaFsreproductive(繁殖)success.Allofthesefear-driven
modificationscanhaveagreatinfluenceonboththeenvironmentandthediversityofmanyspecies.Fear,asitturns
out,isanessentialpartofhealthyecosystemsandhelpskeepbiodiversity.
Fearisanaturalemotion,andthatifsimpossibletocompletelyavoidit.Itiscomfortingtoknowthatfearcomes
fromalonglineofancestors,bothhumanandnonhuman.Itisacompass(指南针)that,whenusedIproperly,guides
usawayfromdangerandtowardopportunity.
12.Whatdoweknowaboutanimals5riskassessmentandmanagementaccordingtoparagraph2?
A.Animalsaretoofearfultomakerightassessments.
B.Animalswillfailtogetfoodwhentheyarefearful.
C.Animalshavetomakeproperdecisionsbasedondifferentsituations.
D.Animalswhicharcmorefearfularemorelikelytomakerightassessment.
13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"brazen"meaninparagraph2?
A.braveB.afraidC.hungryD.strong
14.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?
A.Thewaysanimalsmanagefear
B.Theinfluencefearhasonecosystem
C.Theapproachestokeepingahealthyecosystem
D.Theproblemsfearbringsabouttotheecosystem
15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.FearfromOurDeepPastB.Survivalofthebravest
C.Emotionfromhumanandnonhuman.D.Pathtoriskmanagement
【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类和其他物种都有恐惧的情感,说明了恐惧是如何帮助动物
在野外评估和管理捕食风险的以及恐惧对于人类社会的作用和影响。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Toreallyunderstandourfearswehavetogofurthertostudyhowanimalslongbefore
humanscameintobeingassessed(评估)andmanagedpredation(捕食)riskinthewild.Allanimals,pastand
present,mustassesslife-threateningpredationrisks(风险)andmakedecisionstoavoidorotherwisemanagethose
risks.Itisaproperbalance:beingtoofearfuliscostlyiffearmeansthatyoumissoutongettingfood,mates,or
otherimportantresources.However,beingtoobrazencouldendverypoorlyindeed.(为了真正理解我们的恐惧,
我们必须进一步研究在人类出现之前,动物是如何在野外评估和管理捕食风险的。所有的动物,无论是过
去还是现在,都必须评估威胁生命的捕食风险,并做出避免或以其他方式管理这些风险的决定。这是一种
适当的平衡:如果恐惧意味着你错过了获得食物、伴侣或其他重要资源,那么过于恐惧是代价高昂的。然
而,太过勇敢可能会导致非常糟糕的结果)”可知,动物必须根据不同的情况做出正确的决定。故选C。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“beingtoofearfuliscostlyiffearmeansthatyoumissoutongettingfood,mates,
orotherimportantresources(如果恐惧意味着你错过了获得食物、伴侣或其他重要资源,那么过于恐惧是代
价高昂的)”以及后文"couldendverypoorlyindeedv结合however表示转折,说明太胆小害怕会得不到重
要资源,付出高昂的代价,但太过勇敢,无所畏惧则会导致糟糕的结果。故划线词意思是“勇敢的”。故
选Ao
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段uNaturalexpressionsoffearinfluencethestructureofecologicalcommunities,andthe
removalofpredatorschangesentireecosystems.Tomanagepredationrisks,animalsmodify(调整)theiractivity
patterns,habitatselection,andtheirdiet.Fearofpredatorscanalsoreduceanindividual'sreproductive(繁
殖)success.Allofthesefear-drivenmodificationscanhaveagreatinfluenceonboththeenvironmentandthe
diversityofmanyspecies.Fear,asitturnsout,isanessentialpartofhealthyecosystemsandhelpskeep
biodiversity^恐惧的自然表达会影响生态群落的结构,而捕食者的消失会改变整个生态系统。为了控制被捕
食的风险,动物会改变它们的活动模式、栖息地选择和饮食。对捕食者的恐惧也会降低个体的繁殖成功
率。所有这些恐惧驱动的改变对环境和许多物种的多样性都有很大的影响。事实证明,恐惧是健康生态系
统的重要组成部分,有助于保持生物多样性)”可知,第三段的主要内容是恐惧对生态系统的影响。故选
Bo
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Fearisanaturalemotion,andthatifsimpossibletocompletelyavoidit.Itis
comfortingtoknowthatfearcomesfromalonglineofancestors,bothhumanandnonhuman.Itisacompass(指南
针)that,whenusedIproperly,guidesusawayfromdangerandtowardopportunity.(恐,惧是——种自然的情绪,不
可能完全避免它。令人欣慰的是,恐惧来自人类和非人类的悠久祖先。它是一个指南针,如果使用得当,
可以指引我们远离危险,走向机遇)”结合文章主要说明了人类和其他物种都有恐惧的情感,说明了恐惧是
如何帮助动物在野外评估和管理捕食风险的以及恐惧对于人类社会的作用和影响。可知,A选项“来自我
们久远过去的恐惧”最符合文章标题。故选A。
第二节:(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选
项。
Today,we'reconstantlyinterruptedbytools,emails,socialmedia-younameit.Inourdistractioneconomy,it's
nearlyimpossibletofocusonwhattrulymatters.Buttimemanagementcanbringmoremindfulnessintoyourdaily
routine.16
Timeboxing
Timeboxingisagoal-oriented(面向目标的)timemanagementstrategy.17Andthencompletethose
piecesinareasonableamountoftime.Eachtaskshouldhaveitsownuniquetimeboxthatlastsnomorethanthree
hours.Bybreakingtheworkintosmallerpieces,youcanmakesteadyprogresstowardsyourgoaloverthecourseof
daysorweeks.
Pomodoromethod
ThePomodoromethodhelpsyoudealwithworkwithinshorttimeframesandthentakebreaks.Thisstrategyis
particularlyhelpfulbecauseitactivelyencouragesregularbreaks.18Startbysettingyourtimerfor25minutes,
andtrytospendthattimeworkingonatask-avoidcheckingyourtextmessagesorsocialmediaifpossible.Then,
oncetimeisup,takeafive-minutebreak.
EatingtheFrog
MarkTwainfamouslysaid"Ififsyourjobtoeatafrog,it'sbesttodoitfirstthinginthemoming.^^19
Itencouragesyoutotacklebigorcomplextasksfirstbeforeworkingonyourlessimportantorlessurgentwork.
WiththeEattheFrogmethod,youcanensureyou'regettingtoyourmostimportantworkeveryday.
GettingThingsDone
20Byfreeingupbrainpowerandinsteadrelyingontaskmanagementtools,youcanfocusontaking
actionandnotrememberingwhatyouneedtodo.TousetheGTDmethod,captureallofyourupcomingworkinone
place.Thenonceyou'vewrittendowneverythingyouneedtodo,sortandprioritize(优先)yourwork.
A.Ithelpsyoubreakdownlargetasksintosmallerpieces.
B.Thefirststepistowritedowneverythingyouneedtodo.
C.Thismanagementstrategytakesinspirationfromthisquote.
D.Herearesometimemanagementtipstogetmorethingsdone.
E.Timemanagementisn'talwaysaboutgettingallofyourworkdone.
EThiscanincreasemotivationforyouknowexactlywhatyou'redoing.
G.Infact,researchsuggeststhattakingbreaksmakespeoplemorecreative.
【答案】16.D17.A18.G19.C20.B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一些时间管理的技巧,帮助完成更多的事情。
【16题详解】
分析语篇可知,此处应为承上启下的句子,根据空前的^Buttimemanagementcanbringmoremindfulnessinto
yourdailyroutine.(但是时间管理可以给你的日常生活带来更多的专注。)”可知,时间管理可以给日常生活
带来更多的关注,结合下文中的"Timeboxing”以及"Pomodoromethod”可知,下文中讲述的是一些与时
间关系相关的方法技巧,由此可推断,此空应为引出下文中的有关时间管理的方法的内容,D选项"Hereare
sometimemanagementtipstogetmorethingsdone.(这里有一些时间管理技巧,可以让你完成更多的事情。)”
讲述的内容承接了上文中的时间管理,且引出下文中的介绍技巧,起到承上启下的作用,符合语境。故选D
项。
【17题详解】
木艮据空后的“Andthencompletethosepiecesinareasonableamountoftime.Eachtaskshouldhaveitsownunique
timeboxthatlastsnomorethanthreehours.(然后在合理的时间内完成这些小任务。每个任务都应该有自己独
特的时间限制,时间不超过三个小时。)”可知,此处讲述的是把一个大的任务分解成多个小任务去完成的
管理时间的方法,A选项“Ithelpsyoubreakdownlargetasksintosmallerpieces.(它可以帮助你把大任务分解
成小任务。)”讲述的内容与空后的pieces内容一致,对空前的“Timeboxingisagoal-oriented(面向目标的)
timemanagementstrategy.(限制时间是一种目标导向的时间管理策略。)”作进一步的解释,其中的it指代的
内容与空前的Timeboxing一致。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据空前的"Thisstrategyisparticularlyhelpfulbecauseitactivelyencouragesregularbreaks.(这个策略特别有
用,因为它积极鼓励定期休息。)”可知,番茄钟策略积极鼓励定期休息,G选项“Infact,researchsuggests
thattakingbreaksmakespeoplemorecreative.(事实上,研究表明休息能让人更有创造力)”与本段讲述的时间
管理技巧内容一致,其中的takingbreaks为解题关键信息。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据空前的“MarkTwainfamouslysaid,"Ifit'syourjobtoeatafrog,ifsbesttodoitfirstthinginthemorning.”(马
克•吐温曾说过一句名言:“如果你的工作是吃掉一只青蛙,那你最好在早上第一件事就去做。可知,
此处提到了马克•吐温的名言,结合空后的“Itencouragesyoutotacklebigorcomplextasksfirstbeforeworking
onyourlessimportantorlessurgentwork.(它鼓励你先处理大的或复杂的任务,然后再处理不那么重要或不那
么紧急的工作。)”可知,这种策略是需要先处理大而复杂的任务,由此可推断,此空应涉及到这句名言与
时间管理策略之间的关系,C选项“Thismanagementstrategytakesinspirationfromthisquote.(这个管理策略
的灵感来自这句话。)”中的thisquote指的是空前马克•吐温的名言,且与下文中的内容衔接。故选C项。
[20题详解】
根据空后的“Byfreeingupbrainpowerandinsteadrelyingontaskmanagementtools,youcanfocusontaking
actionandnotrememberingwhatyouneedtodo.
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