2026年托福考试听力题目学术讲座听力练习

2026年托福考试听力题目：学术讲座听力练习Section1：人文学科（3题，每题2分）讲座主题：古代玛雅文明的农业技术及其对环境的影响题目1（细节题，2分）：ProfessorLeediscussestheagriculturaltechniquesusedbytheancientMayacivilization.Accordingtothelecture,whatwastheprimaryreasonforthedeclineoftheirfarmingsystem?A.Overpopulationledtodeforestation.B.Aseriesofdroughtsmadethelandinfertile.C.TheMayafailedtodevelopadvancedirrigationsystems.D.Theyexhaustedthesoilnutrientsbycontinuouslyfarmingthesameland.答案与解析：正确答案：A解析：讲座中提到，玛雅文明因过度砍伐森林以获取木材和耕地，导致水土流失和生态恶化，最终引发农业崩溃。选项A直接对应这一论点。选项B、C、D虽与玛雅农业有关，但并非讲座中强调的主要衰退原因。题目2（逻辑题，2分）：TheprofessormentionsthattheMayadevelopedasophisticatedcalendarsystem.Howdoesthissystemrelatetotheiragriculturalpractices?A.Ithelpedthempredictweatherpatternsforplanting.B.Itwasusedtotrackreligiousceremonies.C.Itwasprimarilyapoliticaltooltocontrolsociety.D.Ithadnopracticalconnectiontofarming.答案与解析：正确答案：A解析：讲座指出，玛雅人的历法基于天文观测，能够准确预测雨季和干旱期，从而指导农业生产。选项A符合这一解释。其他选项或偏离主题，或与讲座内容不符。题目3（推断题，2分）：WhatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutmodernagriculturalpracticeswhendiscussingtheMaya?A.ModernfarmingismoresustainablethantheMaya’smethods.B.Today’sagriculturefacessimilarchallengesastheMayadid.C.TheMaya’sfailureprovesthattraditionalfarmingisobsolete.D.ModernscientistshavefullyunderstoodtheMaya’stechniques.答案与解析：正确答案：B解析：教授在对比玛雅农业与现代农业时，暗示两者都面临资源枯竭和气候变化问题，暗指现代农业仍存在类似风险。选项B准确捕捉了这一隐含观点。Section2：社会科学（3题，每题2分）讲座主题：19世纪英国工业革命对城市生活的影响题目1（细节题，2分）：Accordingtothelecture,whatwasoneofthemajorhealthproblemscausedbyurbanizationduringtheIndustrialRevolution?A.Increasedratesoftuberculosis.B.Decliningbirthratesduetopoorsanitation.C.Higherincidencesofmalnutritionamongworkers.D.Outbreaksofcholerafromcontaminatedwatersources.答案与解析：正确答案：D解析：讲座提到，工业革命时期城市人口密集，排水系统不完善，导致霍乱等水传播疾病频发。选项D直接对应这一信息。其他选项虽与当时社会问题相关，但并非讲座重点。题目2（观点题，2分）：Whatistheprofessor’sopinionontheroleoffactoriesinurbandevelopment?A.Factorieswereessentialforeconomicgrowthbutharmfultohealth.B.Theyhadnosignificantimpactoncities.C.Factoriesweretheprimarycauseofurbanovercrowding.D.Theyimprovedlivingstandardsbyprovidingjobs.答案与解析：正确答案：A解析：教授在讲座中承认工厂促进了经济发展，但也批评其导致的污染和恶劣工作环境。选项A最符合这种辩证观点。题目3（推断题，2分）：HowdoestheprofessorsuggestmoderncitiescouldlearnfromtheIndustrialRevolution’smistakes?A.Bybuildingmorefactoriestoboosttheeconomy.B.Byinvestinginbetterpublichealthinfrastructure.C.Byencouragingrural-urbanmigration.D.Byignoringurbanplanningaltogether.答案与解析：正确答案：B解析：讲座结尾强调，19世纪城市卫生问题的主要教训是必须加强公共卫生系统，选项B准确反映了这一观点。Section3：自然科学（3题，每题2分）讲座主题：气候变化对北极冰川融化速率的影响题目1（细节题，2分）：ThelecturementionsastudyonArcticglaciers.Whatdidtheresearchersdiscoverabouttheirmeltingrate?A.Ithasremainedconstantoverthepastdecade.B.Ithasacceleratedduetorisingseatemperatures.C.Ithassloweddownbecauseofnewiceformations.D.Itisprimarilycausedbyhumanactivities.答案与解析：正确答案：B解析：研究数据显示，北极冰川融化速度因海水温度升高而加快，选项B与讲座内容一致。其他选项或与研究发现矛盾，或过于绝对化。题目2（逻辑题，2分）：Howdotheprofessorandstudentsdiscusstherelationshipbetweenglaciermeltandcarbonemissions?A.Theyarguethatcarbonemissionshavenoeffectonglaciers.B.Theysuggestthatglaciermeltreducescarbonlevelsintheatmosphere.C.Theybelievecarbonemissionsarethemaindriverofglaciermelt.D.Theyignoretheroleofcarbonemissionsinthediscussion.答案与解析：正确答案：C解析：讲座中，教授指出温室气体排放加剧了冰川融化，学生也认同这一因果关系，选项C最符合描述。题目3（推断题，2分）：WhatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutfutureArcticclimatechanges?A.Theywillhavenoimpactonglobalweatherpatterns.B.Theymayleadtoareversalinglaciermelting.C.Theycouldthreatencoastalcommunitiesworldwide.D.Theyarealreadywell-controlledbyinternationalagreements.答案与解析：正确答案：C解析：教授在讲座中暗示，冰川融化可能导致海平面上升，威胁沿海地区，选项C准确反映这一隐含威胁。Section4：人文科学（3题，每题2分）讲座主题：中世纪欧洲的骑士文学与女性角色题目1（细节题，2分）：Accordingtothelecture,whatwasthesignificanceofchivalricromancesinmedievalsociety?A.Theypromotedequalitybetweenmenandwomen.B.Theyreinforcedtraditionalgenderroles.C.Theywereprimarilyeconomicdocuments.D.Theyhadnoinfluenceonsocialnorms.答案与解析：正确答案：B解析：讲座指出，骑士文学常描绘女性为被拯救的对象，从而强化了当时“女性被动、男性主动”的社会观念，选项B符合这一分析。题目2（观点题，2分）：Whatistheprofessor’scritiqueofmoderninterpretationsofmedievalliterature?A.Theyignorethehistoricalcontextofthetexts.B.Theyoveremphasizetheroleoffemalecharacters.C.Theyassumeallmedievalliteraturewaspoliticallymotivated.D.Theyfocustoomuchonreligioussymbolism.答案与解析：正确答案：A解析：教授批评现代研究者未充分考虑中世纪的社会背景，导致对文学作品的解读失真，选项A准确概括了这一观点。题目3（推断题，2分）：Howmighttheprofessorrespondtosomeonewhoarguesthatmedieval骑士文学reflectsamoreprogressiveviewofwomen?A.Byagreeingwiththementirely.B.Bypointingoutthelimitedscopeofsuchliterature.C.Bydismissingtheirargumentasirrelevant.D.Bysuggestingtheliteraturewasactuallyanti-feminist.答案与解析：正确答案：B解析：教授可能会指出，骑士文学仅代表部分社会阶层的文化，不能代表整个中世纪的观点，选项B体现这种批判性思维。Section5：社会科学（3题，每题2分）讲座主题：非洲部落的社会治理结构题目1（细节题，2分）：WhatdoesthelecturesayabouttheroleofeldersinAfricantribalsocieties?A.Theyareprimarilyresponsibleforeconomicdecisions.B.Theymediatedisputesandpreservetraditions.C.Theyarechosenbasedonwealthratherthanwisdom.D.Theyhavenoauthorityinpoliticalmatters.答案与解析：正确答案：B解析：讲座强调，部落中的长老负责调解矛盾、传承文化，选项B直接对应这一功能。题目2（逻辑题，2分）：HowdoestheprofessorcompareAfricantribalgovernancewithmoderndemocracy?A.Theyareidentical