大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷503

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷503

一、仔细阅读（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Parenthoodisn'tacareer-killer.Theeffectofparenthoodisnotthatsevereaspeople

imagine.Infact,economistswithtwoormorekidstendtoproducemoreresearch,not

less,thantheirone-childorchildlesscolleagues.Butfemaleeconomistsinparticularcan

payapriceintermsofproductivityafterbecomingmothers,especiallyifthey'rcyoung

orunmarried.That's,accordingtonewresearchfromtheFederalReserveBankofSt.

Louis,aworkingpaper（"ParenthoodandProductivityofHighlySkilledLabour:

EvidencefromtheGroveofAcademe"）publishedthismonthbyMatthiasKrapfofthe

UniversityofZurich,HeinrichUrsprungoftheUniversityofKonstanzandChristian

Zimmermannoftheregionalreservebank."Thereisawidespreadconviction（hat

motherhoodisextremelycosilyintermsofprofessionalcareeradvancement.In

particular,itisoftenarguedthattheonlywayfbryoungwomsntomakeachallenging

careeristoremainchildless,"theywrote."Ourstudyoftheacademiclabourmarket

arrivesatasomewhatlessdrearypicture:wedonotobserveafamilygapinresearch

productivityamongfemaleacademiceconomists.Moreover,motherhood-induced

decreasesinresearchproductivityarelesspronouncedthanusuallypurported."The

authorsinearly2012surveyedabout10.000economiststhroughtheResearchPapersin

Economicsonlineplatform,matchingtheacademics'answerswiththeirpublication

records.Theygaugedanecoromist'sproductivitybylookingattheiroutput:published

research,weightedbyjournalquality.Someoftheirfindingsarcasfollows:"Mothersof

atleasttwochildrenarc,onaverage,moreproductivethanmothersofonlyonechild,and

mothersingeneralaremoreproductivethanchildlesswomen.Fathersofatleasttwo

childrenarealsomoreproductivethanfathersofonechildandchildlessmen.Towardthe

endoftheircareers,however,childlessmenappeartobesomewhatmoreproductivethan

fathersofonechild."Parenthooddoesappearlinkedtolowerproductivitywhileihe

childrenare12andyounger:mothersaveragea17.4%loss,whilefathersaveragea5%

loss.Afemaleeconomistwiththreechildren,onaverage,losestheequivalentoffour

yearsofresearchoutputbythetimeherkidsbecometeenagers.Womenwhoaremarried

orinastablerelationship"donothaveanydropinresearchproductivityinthethree

yearsfollowingchildbirth."Forsinglemothers,researchoutputdropsbyroughlyathird

overthesameperiod.Femaleeconomistswhohavetheirfirstchildbeforetheageof30

arelessproductive,while"forolderfirst-timemothers,theeffectremainsnegative,butit

ismuchsmallerandlacksstatisticalsignificance."Maleeconomistswithouttenure

becomemoreproductiveafterhavingachild,whiletenuredmaleeconomistswon'tbe

moreproductive.Thereisnosimilareffectfbrfemaleeconomists.

1、Whatistherelationshipbetweenthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A^Comparisonandcontrast.

B、Paragraph2istheillustrationofparagraph1.

C、Causeandeffect.

D、Thetwoparagraphsaretwosidesofthesametopic.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。本题主要考查对文章内部逻辑的把握。文章第一段讲到，

“为人父母并不会扼杀一个人的事业。……但女性经济学家在当上妈妈之后会在工

作效率上付出代价。”第二段开头讲到，“这一结论来自圣路易斯联邦储备银行一项

最新的研究，“，接着介绍这项研究的具体情况。由此可知，第一段内容是第二段

所提及的最新研究得出的结论，因此，这两段是因果关系。

2、Theword"drcary"(Line4,Para.3)maymean.

A、exciting.

B、relieved

C、inspiring

D^downcast

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语义题。单词dreary修饰名词picture,因此该词应是形容词，根据

picture后的句子Wedonotobserveafamilygapinresearchproductivityamong

femaleacademiceconomists.“我们没有发现女性学术型经济学家的学术研究效率因

拥有家庭而出现差距。”这消息属正面信息，会带给人积极的力量，而chcaiy由

比较级less修饰，因此，dreary一定带有非正面意义，选项中，只有D项

downcast"沮丧的”是非正面意义，且符合文意。

3、Whichconditionsasfollowscanleadtolessproductivity?

A、Womenhavetwochildrenormore.

B、Womenhavenochildren.

C、Menhavetwochildrenormore.

D、Womenwithstablemarriagerelationship.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:细节题.根据文章第五段中"Mothersofatleasttwochildrenare,on

average,moreproductivethanmothersofonlyonechild,andmothersingeneralare

moreproductivethanchildlesswomen.”可知.有两个或两个以上孩子的母亲工作效

率更高，有孩子的女性总体上比没有孩了•的女性工作效率更高。因此，没有孩子的

女性工作效率相对低。

4、WhichofthefollowingstatementisNotTrue?

A、Femaleeconomistscanpayapriceforproductivityafterbecomingmothers.

B、Towardsretirements,childlessmenseemtobemoreproductive.

C、Femaleeconomistswithouttenurebecomemoreproductiveafterhavingachild.

D、Mothers*productivityislowerthanfathers'whiletheirchildrenarc12andyounger.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。A项意为“女性经济学家在当上妈妈之后会在工作效率上伺

出代价”，这与第一段第四句意思相同，故正确；B项意为“在职业生涯的终点，没

有孩子的男性工作成果更多这-与第五段末甸“childlessmenappeartobesomewhat

moreproduclivethanfathersofonechild.”意思相近，也正确；C项意为“没有获得

终身教职的女性经济学家在有孩子后工作效率会提高这与最后一段中“Male

econoniistswithouttenurebecomemoreproductiveafterhavingachild....Thereisno

similareffectforfemaleeconomists.＞因此不正确；D项与第六段首句意思一

致，说法正确。

5、Whatisthemainideaofdiispassage?

A^Parenthoodwillkillone'scareer.

B、Howdocshavingkidsaffectone'sproductivity?

C、Tobemothermeanslessproductivity.

D^Morechildren,lowerproductivity.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。文章开头讲到，“为人父母并不会扼杀一个人的事业。”但根

据全文来看，为人父母会对人们的工作效率产生不同程度的影响，包括积极影响，

如有孩子的女性总体.上比没有孩子的女性工作效率更高，也包括消极影响，如在

30岁之前生第一个孩子的女性经济学家的工作效率较低。综合来看，木文主要讲

述了为人父母对一个人工作效率的影响。B项符合。

Dowhochoosetogoonexotic,far-flungholidaysdeservefreehealthadvicebeforethey

travel?Andeveniftheypay,whoensuresthattheygetgood,up-to-dateinformation?

Who,forthatmatter,shouldcollectthatinformationinthefirstplace?Foravarietyof

reasons,travelmedicineinBritainisaresponsibilitynobodywants.Asaresult,many

travellersgoabroadpreparedtoavoidseriousdisease.Whyistravelmedicineso

unloved?Partlythere'sanidentityproblem.Becauseittakesaninterestinanythingthat

impingesonthehealthoftravellers,thisemergingmedicalspecialisminvariablycuts

acrossthetraditionaldisciplines.ItdeNesintoeverythingfromseasickness,jetlagand

(hehazardsofcamelstomalariaandplague.Buttravelmedicinehasamoreserious

obstacletoovercome.Travelclinicsaremeanttotellpeoplehowtoavoidendingupdead

orinahospitalwhentheycomehome,butilisnotoriouslydifficulttogetanybodypay

outmoneyforkeepingpeoplehealthy.Travelmedicinehasalsobeencolonizedby

commercialinterests;thevastmajorityoftravelclinicsinBritainarerunbyairlinesor

travelcompanies.Andwhiletravelconcernsarehappytosellprofitableinjections,they

maybelesskeentospreadbadnewsabouttravellers'diarrheainTurkey,ortotaketime

tospelloutpreventivemeasurestravellerscouldtake."TheNHSfindsitdifficultto

definetravellers'health,saysRonBehrens,theonlyNHSconsultantintravelanddirector

ofthetravelclinicoftheHospitalforTropicalDiseasesinLondon."Shoulditcome

withintheNHSorshoulditbepaidfor?It'sGaryarea,andopinionisspilt.Nooneseems

tohaveanyresponsibilityfordefiningitsrole,hesays.Tocompounditslowstatusinthe

medicalhierarchy,travelmedicinehastorelyonstatisticsthatarepatchyatbest.Inmost

caseswejustdon'tknowhov/manyBritonscontractdiseaseswhenabroad.Andevenif

adiseaselinkedtotravelthereisrarelyanyinformationaboutwherethoseafflictedwent.

what(heyare,how(heybehaved,orwhichvaccinationstheyhad.Thisshortageofhard

factsandfiguresmakesitdifficulttogivedetailedadvicetopeople,informationthat

mightevensavetheirlives.ArecentleaderinBritishMedicalJournalargued."Travel

medicinewillemergeascredibledisciplinesonlyiftherisksencounteredbytravellers

andtherelativebenefitsofpublichealthinterventionsarewelldefinedintermsoftheir

relativeoccurrence,distributionandcontrol.Exactlyhowmuchmoneyiswastedbypoor

traveladvice.Therealfigureisanybody*sguess,butitcouldeasilyrunintomillions.

Behrensgivesoneexample.Britainspendsmorethan£1millioneachyearjuston

choleravaccinesthatoftendon'tworkandsogivepeopleafalsesenseofsecurity."

Informationonthepreventionandtreatmentofallformsofdiarrheawouldbeabetter

priority,hesays.

6、Whaicanweinferfrom(hefirstparagraph?

A、Travelmedicineishardtoprevail.

B、Peopleknowlittleabouttravelmedicine.

C^Peopledon'tbelieveintravelmedicine.

D、Travellerscanseldomgetup-to-dateinformation.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。文章第一段讲到，因为种种原因，在英国，旅游医疗是没有

人愿意承担的责任。于是，许多旅游者在出门前都得仔细贮备•些药品以防旅途中

出现疾病困扰。由此可推知，旅行医疗很难盛行起来。

7、Thephrase"delvesinto"(Line3,Para.2)canbereplacedby.

A^refrainsfrom

B、holdsback

C、digsinto

D、worriesabout

标准答案：C

色识点解析：语义题。联系上下文可知，“delvesinto”的主语“it”代指旅行医疗，该

短语所在句的宾语部分为everythingfromseasickness,jetlagandthehazardsof

camelstomalariaandplague”从晕船、时差症和骑骆驼的危险到疟疾瘟疫等所有疾

病该段讲到，旅行医疗的医疗专护总是超出传统培训的范围，那么，旅行医疗

与这些疾病的关系应是研究与被研究的关系，选项中，C项“digsinto”意为“钻

研”，符合题意。

8、Whichofthefollowingstatementisnottheproblemoftravelmedicine?

A、Traditionaldisciplinesarenotenoughfortravelmedicine.

B、Travelmedicinehasbeencolonizedbycommercialinterests.

C、Thestatisticsabouttravellersarehardtoobtain.

D^Peoplespendmuchmoneyonpoor(raveladvice.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。文章第二段提到“...thisemergingmedicalspecialism

invariablycutsacrossthetraditionaldisciplines.”因此A项符合文意：根据第三段首

句可知，B项符合文意；而C项表述与第四段段意•致，也属于旅行医疗面临的问

题；D项••人们将钱花在可怜的旅行建议上”，与旅行医疗没有直接联系，并非旅行

医疗面临的问题。

9、Whatdocstheauthormeanbysayingbutitisnotoriouslydifficulttogetanybody

payoutmoneyforkeepingpeoplehealthy."(Para.2)?

A、Peopledon'tpayattentiontotheirhealth.

B、Fewpeoplearewillingtosupporttravelmedicine.

C^Mosttravellersfirmlybelievethattheywillbesafe.

D、Healthcomeslastcomparedwithothers.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。题干涉及的句子意为“众所周知，让任何人为人们健康出钱

都是非常困难的”，木文的中心词是“旅行医疗”，这类新兴医疗属于健康范畴，因

此可推知，人们不愿为旅行医疗投资，B项符合。

10>Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?

A、Traveladvicesarenotimportant.

B、Travelmedicineishardtobecredible.

C、Howtopreventandtreatdiseasecanactuallyhelptravelmedicinepopularize.

D、Peoplehaven'trealizedtheimportanceoftravelmedicins.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：牛旨题。最后一段涉及《英国医疗日志》的一•位新仟领导的主张，事

实上是他对旅行医疗的建议。他认为，人们把许多钱浪费在了可怜的旅行建议上，

但那根本不起作用，应该在预防和治疗疾病的信息方面保持领先地位才能促进旅行

医疗的发展。C项符合。

Exerciseisgoodforyou.Butmostpeoplereallyknowveryliltleabouthowtoexercise.

Lookatthefollowingtrue-falsetests.Youwillbesurprised!Thebestwaytoreducethe

mid-sectionistodoabdominalexercise.False.Manypeoplebelievethatwhenspecific

musclesareexercised,thefattytissuesintheimmediateareaare"burnedup".Thetruthis

thatexerciseburnsfatfromalloverthebodyandnotfromonespecificarea,regardless

ofthetypeofexercise.Ofcourse,ifyoureducethefatthroughoutyourbody,youwill

certainlyseeresultsaroundyourwaistlinetoo!Tomaintainanadequatelevelofphysical

fitness,youneedtoexerciseonlytwiceaweek.False.StudiesconductedbyNASA,the

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration,showthatuncxcrciscdmuscleslosetheir

strengthveryquickly.After48to72hours,youmustusethemusclesagaintore­

establishthegoodphysicaleffects.Toloseweightyoushouldalways"workupagood

sweat"whenexercising.False.Sweatingonlylowersbodytemperaturetoprevent

overheating;itdoesnothelpyoureduce.Youmayweighlessimmediateafteraworkout,

butthisisduetowaterloss.Onceyoureplacetheliquid,youreplacetheweight.You

burnmorecaloriesjoggingonemilethanwalkingthesamedistance.False.Youusethe

sameamountofenergywhetheryouwalkorjogthemile,sinceinbothcasesyouare

movingthesameweightthesamedistance.Thespeeddoesn'tmatter.Ofcourse,ifyou

jogratherthanwalkfor30minutes,you'llcovermoredistance,andthereforeburnmore

calories.Ifyourbreathingdoesn'treturntonormalwithinminutesafteryoufinish

exercising,you'veexercisedtoomuch.True.Fiveminutesorsoafterexercising,your

breathingshouldbenormal,yourheartshouldn'tbepounding,andyoushouldn'tbe

exhausted.Beneficialexerciseisnotoverlydifficult,unpleasant,andrefreshing.Walking

isoneofthebestexercises.True.Walkinghelpscirculationofbloodthrough-outthe

body,andthushasadirecteffectonyouroverallfeeling.Vigorousstretchingexercises

keepmusclesflexible.False.Stretchingexercises(forexample:twistingorbendingatthe

waist,touchingyourtoes)shouldbedoneslowly,allowingthemusclestorelaxand"let

go".Vigorousstretchingmakesthemusclestighter.Theminimumamountoflimeyou

shouldspendexercisinginadayis20minutes.True.Therearemorethan400muscles

thatattachloyourskeleton.Agoodexerciseroutineshouldcontractandstretchallthese

muscles,andthissimplycannotbedonewithfourorfiveexercisesinfiveortenminutes.

Fromexperience,I'vefoundthatabout20minutesistheminimumamountoftime

neededforanadequateworkout.

11>Whatdocstheauthormeanhysaying"Youwillhesurprised!"(Line2,Para.1)?

A、Peoplewillregretwhentheyrealizetheirfalseexercisinghabits.

B、Manypeoplehavefalseexercisinghabits.

C、Manypeoplebelievetheirfalseexercisinghabitsarctrue.

D、Manypeoplecan'tabsorbsomuchinfbnnation.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。第一段讲到，“锻炼对你有好处，但是大多数人对怎样进行

适当锻炼却知之甚少。看以下对与错的测试，你可能会感到惊讶!”，由此可知，因

为人们对怎样适当锻炼知之甚少，以为自己错误的运动习惯是正确的，看到.以下

对与错的测试才会意识到自己的运动方式不科学，进而会感到惊讶。C项符合。

12、Whichisnotthereasonwhyjoggingonemileburnthesamecalorieswithwalking

thesamedistance?

A^Becauseyouaremovingthesameweightthesamedistanceinbothcases.

B、Becauseyouusethesameamountofenergywhetheryouwalkorjogthemile.

C、Becausethespeedhasnoinfluenceonthecaloriesburning.

D、Becausethepostureofjoggingandwalkingaresimilar.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:细节题。根捱题干中的'joggingonemilebumthesamecalorieswith

walkingthesamedislance”可定位至第八段和第九段，根据第九段内容“Youusethe

sameamountofenergywhetheryouwalkorjogthemile,sinceinbothcasesyou

aremovingthesameweightthesamedistance»Thespeeddoesn'tmatter.“可知，A、

B、C均符合文意，而D项在文中找不到依据，因此不能构成其原因.

13、Whichofthefollowingexercisingnotionistrue?

A^Doingabdominalexercisetoreducethemid-section.

B、Moresweatinyourbody,moreweightyoulose.

C^Exercisingonlytwiceaweekcankeepyoufit.

D、Exerciseatleastfor20minutesoneday.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。A项意为“做腹部运动可以减腹部肥肉”，根据文章第二段和

第三段可知，这一运动理念错误；B项指的是“出汗越多人越瘦”，根据文章第六

段、第七段可知，该理念错误；C项意为“一周只锻炼两次就可以保持身体健康”，

根据文章第三、第四段可知，该观点错误；D项意为“一天至少应该锻炼20分

钟“，这在文章最后两段可找到依据。故D项正确。

14、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNotTrue?

A^Exercisebumsfatfromalloverthebodyandnotfromonespecificarea

B、Joggingfor30minutesandwalkingforthesametimeburnyouthesamecalories.

C、Walkinghelpthebloodoveryourbodycalculate.

D、Robuststretchingmakes(hemusclestighter.

标准答案：B

知日点解析：细节题。A项意为“运动燃烧全身的脂肪.而非局部身体部位”，这与

第三段第二句"Thetruthisthatexercisebumsfatfromalloverthebodyandnotfrom

onespecificarea,regardlessofthetypeofexercise.”意思相同，故正确；B项意为

“慢跑30分钟和走路30分钟消耗同样多的热量”，这与第九段“Ofcourse,ifyou

jogratherthanwalkfor30minutes,you'llcovermoredistance,andthereforeburn

morecalories.”矛盾，因此错误；C项可以在第十三段找到依据，故正确：D项与

第十♦五段末句意思相同，也正确。

15、Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe.

A^True-falseTestsAboutExercise

B、PeopleKnowLittleAboutExercise

C、DifferentWaysofExercising

D、HowtoExercise?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨题。本文通过一系列对与错的测试告诉人们哪些运动方式正确，

哪些错误，即怎样进行适当锻炼，D项“怎样锻炼?”可以概括全文大意，因此是最

合适的题目。

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromwork

tocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneof(hetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubious

distinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.1wasn'tsurprisedwhen(his

didn'lmakethenewshereintheUnitedSlates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountry

withoutsuchapolicy.TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamily

andMedicalLeaveAct.passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'

unpaidleaveforeaseofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethe

modestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtit

bitterly,describingitas"government-riinpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerous

precedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedto

introducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstrongly

opposed.AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstonargues,justifyingparentalsupportdepends

ondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.Inher

bookNoExit:WhaiParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,she

arguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenit

comestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwith

continuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedto

developtheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—and

needs-parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."Whilemost

parentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparents

do,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringfbr

childrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialfor（hefutureofsociety.Thestale

recognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'swelfare,yet

parentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.To

classifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityis

notmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthose

benefitsbecausetheyaccrue（不断积累）tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildren

becometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry（公民）.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueof

parentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney（includinglostwages）,

isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocial

benefits—astheyclearlydo-thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportfbrthefamily

shouldbethatmuchclearer.

16、Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

A^Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B、IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C、ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D、ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。在文章的第一段就提到iheUnitedStates—we,renowtheonly

wealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy（美国----现在，我们是唯一一个没有实行这种

政策的富裕国家了），可知美国是唯一一个没有实行带薪休假制的发达国家了，B、

C选项讲的是该问题在美国成为一个热门话题，与thisdidn'tmakethenewsherein

theUnitedStates意思相悖，C选项讲澳大利亚采纳这个制度是把文中作者对美国不

关注带薪休假的曲解，D选项文中没有提及，因此，正确答案是A。

17、Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

A、TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B、TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C、ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D、Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的work/amilybalancelaws可以定位到文中第二

段最后一句Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasures

intothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstro