中国文化读写专项：中国概况 中国简介- 2024年高考英语常考中国文化读写专练+素材积累

ChapterIChinainBrief中国概况

Lesson1BriefIntroductiontoChina中国简介

Nameofthe

ThePeople'sRepublicofChina

country

BeijingislliccapitalufthePeople'sRepublicufChina.43.5niclcrsabuvesealevel,Beijing

coversanareaof16,808squarekilometersandhasaresidentpopulationof21.7million(theyear

2017).Underthecityscontrolthereare10districtsand8counties.

Beijing'shistoryasacitycandalebackto3,000yearsago.Itstime-honoredhistoryleftBeijing

plentyofhistoricalrelicsandcolorfulcustoms.As:hecenterofthecountry,heregathersthe

officesoftheParty,theGovernmentandtheMilitary,aswellasheadquartersofnational

Capitalcity

companies,industrialassociationsandfinancialinstitutions.Beijingisinthecentralplaceofthe

nation'sfinancialdecisionsandmacro-control.ItisalsoChina'smostprosperouscityintermsof

science,educationandculture,becauseitcoversallsubjectsofsciencesandhasstrongresearch

capabilities.BeijingisthecommunicationpivotbetweenChinaandtheinternationalcommunity

and,themostimportantcenterforinternationalexchanges.

Chinahasapopulationover1.39billionpeople(theyear2017),andover58.52%ofthe(otal(the

Populationyear2017)aredistributedinurbanarea.Strictpopulationcontrolswasinplaceforseveral

decades,butnowtwo-childpolicyhasbeencarriedout.

Chinahasaterritoryareaof9.6millionsquarekm,secondtoRussiaandCanada,withaseaarea

Area

ofabout4.73millionsquarekilometers.

LocationInEastAsia,borderonthewestPacificOcean

★*:TheNationalFlagofthePRCisaredrectangleemblazonedwith

National

*fivestars.Theproportionofitslengthandheightis3to2.Theupper

flag

leftofthefaceoftheFlagissetwithfiveyellowfive-pointedstars.

Oneofthestarsisbiggerthantheothers,withitscircumcircle'sdiameterbeingthree-tenthofthe

heightoftheFlag,andisplacedintheleft;theotherfourstarsaresmaller,withtheir

circumcircle'sdiameterbeingone-tenthoftheheightoftheFlag,surroundingthebigs!aronits

rightintheshapeofanarch.

MarchoftheVolunteers(lines:Arise,thosewhodonotwanttobeslaves!Wewilluseourflesh

andbloodtobuildanotherGreatWall.Chinahasreachedthebrinkofnationalcollapse.Allthe

National

peoplehavebeenmakingtheirlastoutcry.Arise!Arise!Arise!Allourheartsbecomeone.Letus

anthem

facetheenemy'sgunfire.Marchon!Letusfacetheenemy'sgunfire.Marchon!Marchon!March

on!On!)

TheNationalEmblemofthePRCfeaturesTiananmenGatebeneaththefive

shiningstars,encircledbycarsofgrainandwithacogwheelatthebottom.The

National

earsofgrain,stars,Tiananmenandcogwheelaregold:thefieldwithinthe

Emblem

circleisred.asaretheribbonsfestooningthebottomofthecircle.

Peony

National

flower

National

Animal

giantpandas

Thereare56ethnicgroupsinChina.TheHanpeoplemakeup92percentofthecounty'stotal

Ethnic

population,totaling1159.4million;andtheother55c:hnicgroups,8percent,totaling106.43

groups

million.

Ofthe56ethnicgroupsinChina,theHuiandManchuusethesamelanguageasHanpeople,

Languages

whiletherestgroupshavetheirownspokenandwrittenlanguages.

Written

23ethnicgroupshavetheirowncharacters.

languages

ThemainreligionsareBuddhism,Taoism,Islam,Christianity,andCatholicism.Chinese

Religion

citizens'rightofthefreedomofreligiousbeliefisprotectedbytheConstitutionandlaws.

MainNewYear'sDay(January1),theSpringFestival(theNewYear'sDaybyChineselunarcalendar),

festivalsInternationalLaborDay(May1),andtheNationalDay(October1)

CurrencyRenminbi(RMB)yuan

Time

8hoursearlierthantheGreenwich

difference

Mostofihecountryisinthetemperatezone,althoughgeographicallythecountrystretchesfrom

Climate

thetropicalandsubtropicalzonesinthesouthtothefrigidzoneinthenorth.

Highinitswestandlowinitscast:mountainareas33.3%,plateaus26%,basins18.8%,plains

Topography

12%andhills9.9%.

Amongthe19mountainsover7,000metershighintheworld,sevenareinChina.The

Qinghai-TibctPlateau,knownas"theroofoftheworld",hasmanyhighmountains.Tho

Mountains

Himalayas,withanaverageelevationof6.000meters,havetheworld'shighestpeakMount

Qomolangma,8,848metersabovesealevel.

TheYangtzeRiver,6.300kmlong,isthethirdlongestintheworldaftertheNileandthe

Rivers

Amazon.TheYellowRiver,thesecondlongestinChina,stretching5,464kin.

TheGrandCanal,1,801kmlong,isthelongestman-maderiverintheworld.Itscuttingbeganin

Canal

thefifthcenturyBC.

ThePoyangLakeonthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverisChina'slargest

Lakesfreshwaterlake,withanareaof3583sq.km;theQinghaiLakeontheQinghai-TibctPlateauis

thecountry'slargestsaltlake,covering4583sq.km.

Chinaisoneoftheworld'soldestcivilizationswithachronicledhistoryofmorethan5,000

years.Chinahasgoneoveralonghistoryofprimitivesociety,slaverysociety,feudalsociety

andsemi-feudalsemi-colonialsocietyand(hepresentsocialistsociety.In221BC,Qinshihuang

establishedtheQinDynasty,(hefirstfeudalautocracyinChinesehistory,thereforeunveilinga

History

2,000-ycarperiodoffeudalismwhichwastolastthroughasuccessionofdynastiessuchasthe

IIan,Tang,Song,Yuan,MingandQing,aperiodwhichfinallymetitsendinthebourgeois

democraticRevolutionof1911byDr.SunYat-sen.October1,1949sawthefoundingofthe

People'sRepublicofChina.

TiananmenSquare,BadalingGreatWall,IheImperialPalace,theSummerPalace,theWater

Famous

Cube,ChengdeImperialSummerResorl,HulunbuirPastureLand,ShenyangImperialPalace,the

Tourist

Bund,theOrientalPearlTower,MountHuang,MountLu,MountTai,theLongmenGrottoes,the

Attractions

ThreeGorges,thePocalaPalace,figurinesofsoldiersandhorsesfrom(heQinMausoleum.

Traditional

SpringFestival,NewYear'sDay,LanternFestival,NationalDay,DragonBoatFestival,

Festivals

Mid-AulumnFestival,Tomb-SweepingFestival.

(1000words)

♦Helper:

urban「3：ban］都市的territory［'teritsri］领土rectangle「rekgjgl］［数］长方形emblazon|im'bleizn］用纹章装饰

diameter［dai,犯mil。］直径brink［bngk］边缘collapse|ko'Iteps］倒塌outcry［'autkrai］高声叫喊，公开反对

circumcirclel's3：kom's3：kl］外接圆emblem［embbm］徽章ear［io］穗cogwheel［'kogwi:l］钝齿轮ribbon［'ribonJ绶

带,带状物festoon［fe's(u:n］在…饰以花彩peony［'pi:0nl］牡丹clhnic［'cOnik］种族的Christianity［.knsti'ainolij基

督教Catholicism(ko'Golosizorn］天主教temperate［'ternporot］温和的tropical［'tropikol］热带的frigid［'frid31d］

寒冷的plateau('plaetau)高原elevation［,els'velJan］海拔peak［pi:k］山峰TheGrandCanal大运河chronicle

［,kronlkl］编年史，记录primitive［,primitiv］原始的feudal［fju:dl］封建的autocracy［0:'tDkrnsi］独裁unveil

［,An'veii］拉开…的帷幔bourgeois［bud'3wa:］资产阶级的democratic［,dems'kraetik］民主的

♦ChineseBriefIntroduction:

中国（China），位于东亚，是一个以华夏文明为主体、中华文化为基础，以汉族为主要民族的统一多

民族国家，通用汉语。中国疆域内的各个民族统称为中华民族，龙是中华民族的象征。中国是世界四大文

明古国之•，有着悠久的历史，距今约5000年前，以中原地区为中心开始出现聚落组织进而成国家和朝代，

后历经多次演变和朝代更迭，持续时间较长的朝代有夏、商、局、汉、晋、唐、宋、元、明、清等。中原

王朝历史上不断与北方游牧民族交往、征战，众多民族融合成为中华民族。20世纪初辛亥革命后，中国的

君主政体退出历史舞台，取而代之的是共和政体。1949年中华人民共和国成立后，在中国大陆建立了人民

代表大会制度的政体。中国有着多彩的民俗文化，传统艺术形式有诗词、戏曲、书法和国画等，春节、元

宵、清明、端午、中秋、重阳等是中国重要的传统节日。

♦Exercise:

I.Questions:

1.DescribetheNationalFlaganditsmeaning.

2.DescribetheNationalEmblemanditsmeaning.

3.PleaselistsomemainfestivalsofChina?

4.WhichtimezonedoesChinaliein?

5.WhatisTheQinghai-Tibe(Plateauknownas?

6.WhichisthelongestriverinChina?

7.PleaselistsomefamoustouristattractionsinChina.

8.Pleaselistsometypicaltraditionafestivals.

II.ReadingandWriting

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

OnSeptember1.1965,theTibetAutonomousRegionwasofficiallyestablished,whichmarkedthe

esUblishmentofthepeople'sdemocraticpowerinTibet.Fromthenon,theTibetanpeopleenjoyedtherightto

administertheirownaffairsand,togetherwiththepeoplethroughout(hecountry,engagedinthesocialist

development.Nowadays,theTibetAutonomousRegion,coveringone-eighihofChina's[errilorywithapopulation

of2.8million,hasdevelopedrapidlyinrecentyears.

Chinaisamulti-ethniccountryandTibetisaninalienable(不可分割的)partofChina.Formorethan7(X)

yearsthecentralgovernmentofChinahascontinuouslyexercisedsovereigntyoverTibet.Nogovernmentofany

countryintheworldhaseverrecognizedTibetasanindependentstate.Anyonemustbedenounced(谴责)ifhetries

tosplithismotherland.BritishForeignSecretaryLordLansdowne,inaformalinstructionin1904,calledTibet"a

provinceoftheChineseEmpire."Inhisspeech,IndianPrimeMinisterJawaharlalNehrusaid."Overthepast

severalhundredyears,asfaras1know,atnotimehasanyforeigncountrydeniedChina'ssovereigntyoverTibet."

TheDalaicliqueandoverseasanti-Chinaforcesusedtoclaimthatbetweenthe1911Revolutionandthefounding

of(hePeople'sRepublicofChinain1949,Tibetbecameacountry"exercisingfullauthority.'*However,many

historicalfactsdeniedsuchafallacy(谬论).Theso-called"Tibekinindependence"whichtheDalaicliqueand

overseasanti-Chinaforcesspreadisnothingbutafictionoftheimperialistswhocommittedaggressionagainst

Chinainmodernhistory.Neverwilltheysucceed.

I写作内容］

1.以约3()个词概括短文的要点。

2.然后以约120个词就“西藏是中国领土不可分割的一部分”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：

(1)自古以来，西藏就是中国的领土，西藏历史源远流长：

(2)在中央政府的大力支持下，西藏在经济、政治、文化等方面都得到了很好的发展：

(3)达赖分裂祖国的行为必将受到热爱和平的中国人民和全世界华人的强烈谴责；

(4)作为中学生，你认为该怎么做？

［写作要求］

(1)可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的

内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

(2)标题自定。

［评分标准］

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

III.Writtenwork:

1.根据提示，写一篇介绍台湾的短文，词数在120左右。

(1)台湾的地理位置：太平洋西部北临中国东海，东南接南海，与福建隔台湾海峡(strait)相望。

(2)台湾是我国最大的岛屿。其面积约三万六千平方千米，人口两千多万。

(3)自然资源丰富，香蕉，稻米，茶叶等农产品驰名中外。

(4)风景优美，气候宜人，世界各地的游客纷至沓来。台湾自古以来就是我国的一部分。岛内绝大多数

居民来自福建和广东。海峡两岸人民都有统一祖国的强烈愿望

2.根据下面的提示，写一篇题为“我们伟大的社会主义(socialist)祖国”的短文。

字数：80—100c

提示：(1)我国有十三亿多人口，是世界上最大的国家之一。首都是北京。(2)我国人民勤劳勇敢，具

有光荣的革命传统（tradition）。（3）一九四九年解放后，我国发生了巨大的变化。（4）我国人民为了把自己

的国家建设成为•个强大的社会主义国家，正在辛勤劳动。

3.书面表达：

根据提示，写一篇100〜120词的短文，介绍中国的情况。

（1）中国位于亚洲的东部，是世界上第三大国家，面积有9,600,000平方公里，境内河流中长江和黄河

是两条最长最重要的河流。西部有大面积的沙漠。

（2）中国历史悠久，有56个民族，十多亿人口，其中汉族人口最多。

（3）北京是中国的首都。

（4）中国是个发展中国家。全国人民会把自己的国家建设得更加富强。

参考词汇：长江YangtzeRiver黄河YellowRiver

短文的开头已经为你写好。

ChinaissituatedinthecastofAsia.

Suggestedanswers:

II.ReadingandWriting

TibetisapartofChina

TheestablishmentoftheTibetAutonomousRegionhasenabledthelocalpeopletobecomemastersoftheir

ownaffairs,whichpromotesthedevelopmentofTibet.TibetispartofChina,nevertobeindependent.

Asweallknow,libelhasbeenaninalienablepartoltheChineseterritorysinceancientlimes.1(hasalong

history.Beforeitsliberation,therewasnomodernindustryorhighways.However,sincethefoundingoftheTibet

AutonomousRegion,Tibethaswitnessedsignificantprogressineconomic,politicalandculturaldevelopment,

thankstothegreatsupportfromthecentralgovernment.

Toourdissatisfaction,theDalaicliqueandsomeoverseasanti-Chinaforceshasdonesomethingthatisagainst

thewillofallpeace-lovingChinesepeopleathomeandabroad.Theyareboundtobestronglydenounced.

Asmiddleschoolstudents,wealsos