2025年6月（第三套）大学英语四级考试真题及答案

2025年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouruniversityisorganizingaforumonthedevelopmentofstudents'cross-culturalcommunicationabilities.Youarenowtowriteanessaytoexpressyourview.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheessay.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thehumanbrainhastheabilitytoconstantlyformnewnetworksandconnectionsbetweenbraincells.Thismeansthebrainhasanalmostmagicalabilitytochange.Thischaracteristicis_26apparentinanewstudy,focusingonpeoplewhounderwentahemispherectomy,asurgicalprocedureinwhichhalfofthebrainisremovedtotreatillness.Thefindingsshowedthat,despitemissinghalfofthiscritical_27,participantscouldfunctionwell.Thiswasbecausethe_28_halfoftheirbrainstrengthened.Infact,researchersfoundthatconnections—andthuscommunication--betweenpartsofdifferentbrainnetworksareactuallystrongerinpeoplewhohadhemispherectomiesthaninpeoplewithintactbrains.This_29_thatthebrainisabletocompensateforlossofcertainbrainstructure.Therearemanyothercasesinthemedical_30thatdocumentthebrain'samazingabilityto\31\.Forexample,ayoungboyhadasignificantportionofhisbrainremovedformedicalreasons,whichincludedthepartofthebrain_32_forsight.Butafewyearsafterhissurgery,scientistsfoundthathecould_33_see.Theydeterminedthatthiswasbecauseotherpartsofhisbraintookoverthemissingpart's_34_tasks.Anotherstudyinvolvedpeoplewhocouldsmell,despitemissingtheregioninthebrainthatprocessesinformationaboutsmells.Thoughtheyarenotsurehowtheseindividuals_35theabilitytosmell,scientistsbelieveitispossiblethatanotherpartofthebraintookonthattask.A)adaptB)hardlyC)indicatesD)insist

E)literatureF)organG)particularlyH)remaining

I)responsibleJ)retainedK)stillL)strategy

M)transformedN)underlinesO)visualSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2."Phantom"TrafficJamsAreReal-AndScientistsKnowHowtoStopThemA)Trafficjamsareacommonproblemofmostbigcities,eitherindevelopedorindevelopingcountries,butonekindoftrafficjamsinparticularcanbeespeciallyfrustrating.Thesearegenerallyknownas"phantom"trafficjams,inwhichdensetrafficcrawlstoahaltfornoapparentreasonatall.B)"Whencaughtinsuchatrafficjam,itiscommonfordriverstoassumethattheremustbeanaccident,orconstructionorsomething."saidMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)computerscienceprofessorBertholdHorn."Andthenyoudriveanddriveanddrive...andthereisn'tanythingthere."C)Theexactcauseofthesephantomtrafficjamshaslongremainedamystery.Butnow,newresearchhasfoundthecauseandresearchersmayhavecomeupwithasolutionforthisfrustratingtrafficpatter:maintainingequalspacingbetweencarsontheroad,ratherthandrivingsocloselybehindanothervehiclethatacollision(碰撞)islikelyifthatvehiclebrakessuddenly.D)Homsaidphantomtrafficjamsareanemergentpropertyoftheflowofvehiclesdownahighway.Aphantomjambeginswhenacarindensetrafficslowsdownevenslightly,whichcausesthecarbehindthatvehicletoslowevenmore--andtheslowingactionspreadsbackwardthroughthelaneoftrafficlikeawave,gettingworsethefartheritspreads.Eventually,thecarsfarbehindareforcedtostopcompletelyorriskhittingtheslowervehiclesahead--andsothetrafficgrindstoahaltovernothing,Hornsaid.E)Hormhasbeenworkingontheproblemofphantomtrafficjamsforyears,andhehascomeupwithasolution:Bysplittingthedifferencebetweenthecarsinfrontandthecarsbehind,thespacingofcarsinastreamoftrafficcanactasadamper(抑制)onphantomtrafficjams.Thatis,itcanpreventtheslow-downeffectfrombeingamplified(增强)bythecarsthatfollowbehind,hesaid.Inessence,eachdriverwouldconstantlymakeadjustmentstokeeptheircarroughlyhalfwaybetweenthecarinfrontandthecarbehind.F)Horncallsthismethodofvehiclespacingbilateral(双边的)control,andhesaiditcouldbeachievedwithrelativelysimplemodificationstotheadaptivecruisecontrolthatmanynewcarsalreadyhave.Adaptivecruisecontrolisadriverassistancetechnologythatsetsamaximumspeedforvehiclesandautomaticallyslowsthespeedofthecarwhentrafficissensedinfrontofthevehicle.Thetechnologyisalsoknownasautonomouscruisecontrol.Suchmodifications,Hornsaid,couldhelpfightphantomjamswithinafewyears,maybedecadesbeforeanalternativesolution,suchasnetworkedself-drivingcars,becomesarealityontheroads.G)Trafficjamsarecausedbyanumberoffactors,suchasroadsthatarepoorlydesignedorover-capacity,localizedfactorslikecitytraffic-lightingpatterns,andeventslikeaccidentsandconstruction.Butphantomtrafficjamscanmakeallthoseproblemsworse,Hornsaid.Andtheresearchersinthenewstudyhavecalculatedthatsolvingphantomjamscouldsaveatleastsomeoftheestimated$121billionperyearthattrafficjamsareestimatedtocosttheU.S.economy,HortoldLiveScience.H)NewresearchbyHornandMITpostdoctoralassociateLiangWang,publishedinthejournalIEEETransactionsonIntelligentTransportationSystems,showshowbilateralcontrolcanfighttheproblem.Theresearchersmadecomputermodelsofreal-worldtrafficeconditions,showinghowatypicalU.S.freewaycouldbenefitfromcarsusingbilateralcontrol.Thatwouldbeinplacewhenhumandriversfailtoslowdown,thusavoidingtailgating(紧跟)thecarinfront,Hornsaid."Underreasonableconditionstoday,youmightget1,800carsperlaneperhourthroughput(thevolumeoftrafficpassingthrough),"headded."Butwithbilateralcontrol,youcouldalmostdoublethat."I)Themainalternativetoincreasingtraffiethroughputperlanehasbeentobuildmorelanesandmorehighways,andputtinginnewroadsisveryexpensive,hesaid."Ifwecanincreasethethroughputonmajorhighways,evenifit'sonlyby50percent,thatwouldbeabigdeal,"Hornsaid.J)WiththehelpofengineeringstudentsathighschoolsinMaine,HornandWanghavealsobuiltarobotsimulation(模拟)thatshowshowbilateralcontrolcansuppressphantomtrafficjams.Increasingthespacingofvehiclesdampenstheeffectofslowdownsbycarsinfrontofagivencar,sothattheslowingisnotworseneduntilitbecomesaphantomjam,theresearcherssaid.K)Avideofromtheprojectshowsatrainofautonomousrobotsrunningalongatrackwithoutbilateralcontrol;theyeventuallybackupinphantomjams.Butwhentherobotsareswitchedovertobilateralcontrol(byflashingthelightsintheroom),eachautonomousrobottriestokeepitselfhalfwaybetweentherobotinfrontandtheonebehind;thephantomjamsdisappearasaresult,Homsaid.L)Sincestartinghisresearchonphantomtrafficjams,Hornhaslearnedthatschoolsoffishandflocksofbirdsandbatsusesimilarspacingstrategiestoavoidhittingeachotherwhileswimmingorflyingindenselypackedgroups.Inparticular,studiesofmillionsofbatsemergingatduskfromcavesinSoutheastAsiashowedthateachbatusedaformofbilateralcontroltoreducethelikelihoodofcollisionswithotherbatsinthedenselypackedswarm(一大群),Hornsaid.M)Unlikebats,birdsandfish,however,humanshavedifficultyjudgingdistancesbehindthem.Toaddressthatweakness,HorisnowworkingwiththecarcompanyToyotatoenableaformofbilateralcontrolviamodificationstoexistingadaptivecruisecontrolsystems,whichuseforward-facingsensorstojudgethedistancetothevehicleahead.Thebilateralcontrolapproachwouldincludeaddingrear-facingsensorstodeterminethedistancetothevehiclefollowingacar.N)Butuntilthosesystemsbecomestandard,humandriverscanhelpreducephantomtrafficjamssimplybynotfollowingthecarinfrontsoclosely.AsHomargues,"There'sabsolutelynoadvantageoftailgatingthecarinfrontofyou"36.Theage-longmysteryhasnowbeenresolvedastohowphantomtraficjamsarecaused.

37.Itispossibletonearlydoublethehourlythroughputperlanebyadoptingbilateralcontrol.

38.AccordingtoHorn,driversmakingconstantadjustmentsforequalspacingbetweencarsinaflowoftrafficcanhelpreducephantomtrafficjams.

39.Beforesystemsforbilateralcontrolareinstalled,driversshouldnotfollowthecarinfronttoocloselysoastoreducephantomtrafficjams.

40.Hormsaidwithsomesimplemodificationstotheexistingequipmentinnewvehicles,theirspacingbilateralcontrolcouldbeaccomplished.

41.Driverscaughtupinphantomtrafficjamsarelikelytothinkanaccidenthashappenedorsomeconstructionisgoingon.

42.Twosetsofsensorswouldbeusedtohelpdriversdeterminethedistancesbetweencars.

43.SolvingtheproblemofphantomjamscouldsaveAmericabillionsofdollarseveryyear.

44.Inaphantomtrafficjam,thecarsinthesamelaneslowdownoneafteranother,creatingawave-likeeffect.

45.Hornhasfoundthatcertaincreaturesusestrategiessimilartobilateralcontroltoavoidhittingeachotherwhilemovingindensecrowds.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Oursocietyplacesahighvalueonphysicalbeauty.Americansspendanaverageofover$722eachyearontheirappearance.OneintenAmericanshastriedtolooklikeastar.There'snothingwrongwithtryingtolookourbest,butexcessivefocusonphysicalappearancemissesthesoulfulaspectsofwhatitmeanstobebeautiful.Tryingtolooklikethemagazinepicturescantakeusonalongrideawayfromwhatbeautyisreallyabout.Manyofusspendfartoomuchtime,energy,andmoneytryingtopolishanimageofwhatwethinkwillbringattention,love,andconnection.Intheprocess,wemayfailtoattendtoourselvesinawaythatwouldmoveustowarddeeperintimacy,fulfillment,andmeaning.Itmaysoundtrite(老生常谈的),butbeautyisonlyskindeep,it'snotwhatbringslovetowardus.JustreadaboutthelatestHollywoodstarletswhoseseemingloveturnsintoresentmentandbittercourtbattles.Outerbeautycanbeasmuchofacurseasablessing.Wemaydevelopahabitofbeingsofocusedonmaintainingaperfectappearancethatwenevercultivatetheinnerqualitiesnecessarytosustainanddeepenintimacyandconnection.AsIdescribeinmybook,TheAuthenticHeart,itisthecouragetobeauthenticthatconnectsusinadeeperway.Whileourinitialattractionmaybebased,inpart,onphysicalchemistry,itisthemeetingofourinnerworldsthatcreatesthelastingintimacyandspiritualconnectionforwhichwelong.Ifweredirectourattentiontowardcultivatinginnerqualities,wemightfindamagneticattractionthatmovesusfromsomethingsuperficialtosomethingthatconnectsustoourdepths.Thepathtowardcultivatinginnerbeautyisreallysimple.Butwhatissimpleisnotalwayseasy.Noteveryonewillseeusandappreciateusaswetakethecourageousrisktoallowourselvestobeseenaswereallyare.Butiftheydon't,itistheirloss,notours.Eventuallywe'llfindthosecompatiblesoulswhoappreciateusasweare.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericansocietyfromthefirstparagraph?

A)Itseeslotsofpersonalincomewastedonbeautyproducts.

B)Itconsidersone'sphysicalappearanceveryimportant.

C)Itplacesahighvalueonthephysicalfitnessofstars.

D)Itexpectseveryindividualtolooktheirverybest.Whathappenswhenpeoplestrivetolookbetter?

A)Theyhavetogetpreparedforresentmentandbittercourtbattles.

B)Theyarebetterabletogainattention,love,andpersonalconnection.

C)Theymayneglecttocultivatetheinnerqualitiesthatmattermore.

D)Theyfeelmuchoftheirprecioustime,energyandresourcesiswasted.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutouterbeauty?

A)Itmaybeinheritedorcultivated.

C)Itmaycreateconnectionorisolation.

B)Itmayleadtobadaswellasgoodhabits.

D)Itmaydoasmuchharmasgood.Whatbringsaboutspiritualconnection?

A)Meetingofminds.

C)Physicalchemistry.

B)Attractionatfirstsight.

D)Frequentinteraction.Whathappenswhenwetakethepathtowardcultivatinginnerbeauty?

A)Wemayfindaroutetowardotherpeople'ssouls.

B)Wemaybeappreciatedmorebypeoplearoundus.

C)Wewillmeetpeoplewhovalueusforwhoweare.

D)Wewillbediscouragedfromrevealingourtrueselves.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Plant-basedmeatsarecomingsoontoadinnertablenearyou,butdotheydeserveaspotonyourplate?Ifyoutriedavegetableburgeryearsagoanddismisseditasrubberyandflavorless,it'sagoodtimetogivemeatlessmeatanotherchance.Newervarietiesimitatethelook,flavor,andtextureofmeat.Analystsdon'texpectthemeat-freemovementtoslowanytimesoon;a2021reportpredictsthemarketwillskyrocketto$74billionby2030-a957percentsurge.Plant-basedmeatsarenolongerjustforvegetarians.CompaniessuchasImpossibleFoodsandBeyondMeat--thecurrentsuperstarsofthealternativeproteinsector-arepursuingconsumerswhoenjoymeatbutwanttoreducetheirmeatconsumptionforanimalrights,health,orenvironmentalreasons.Sofar,it'sawinningstrategy:MorethannineoutoftenconsumerswhobuyBeyondBurgerandImpossibleFoodsproductsalsoeatmeat.Manyvegetariansdon'tactuallycareforfoodthatresemblesmeat.WhenreporterJoanSolsman,alongtimevegetarian,triedadishfromImpossibleFoods,shefeltsosickthatshecouldn'tfinishit."MaybethebestsignthatImpossibleFoodshascrackedthecodetorealisticfakemeatisthatIcouldn'tstandtotakeanotherbite,"shewrote.Meatlessmeatsaregenerallyahealthierchoicethanbeefbecausetheyarecholesterol-free,plusthey'reagoodsourceofvitamins,minerals,protein,andfiber.Ifmeatlessmeatcanhelpyousticktoaplant-baseddiet,thatinitselfcanleadtobetterhealth.Notonlyhasredmeatbeenlinkedtocancer,butstudiesshowthatpeoplewhoditchmeathavelowerbloodpressure,loweraveragebloodsugar,andlowercholesterollevels.However,justbecauseit'splant-baseddoesn'tmeanit'shealthfood.Mostimitationmeatsarehighlyprocessedandcontainhighamountsofsodium(钠)comparedtotraditionalbeef.Thesenewgenerationsofalternatemeatgetalltheattention,butdon'tforgetaboutwholegrainsandvegetables.Beansareanespeciallyexcellentproteinsubstitute.They'renutritious,inexpensive,andfarmoresustainablethananyoftheprocessedmeatlesssubstitutesonthemarkettoday.Whatcanweexpectofplant-basedmeats?

A)Anincreasinginterestintheiranalyses.

C)Ahugeboostintheirconsumption.

B)Anenormouseffortintheirpromotion.

D)Anoticeablesurgeintheirvarieties.WhatdowelearnaboutconsumersbuyingBeyondBurgerandImpossibleFoodsproducts?

A)Theyaremostlynon-vegetarians.

B)Theyaremostlyanimal-rightsadvocates.

C)Mostofthemrefrainfromeatingmeatforhealthreasons.

D)Mostofthemeatmeatlessmeattoprotecttheenvironment.WhatcanweconcludeaboutImpossibleFoods'productsfromJoanSolsman'sremark?

A)Theymoreoftenappealtomeat-ea