新能源汽车专业英语2版 课件 第1-4章 新能源汽车概述-传动系统

新能源汽车专业英语ENGLISHFORNEWENERGYVEHICLES授课人：课程介绍课程属性——****课课时——36学时课程内容——新能源汽车基础（结构原理）、诊断修理、汽车设计制造、智能网联汽车原理学习目的

1.打好基础：掌握必要的专业词汇，熟悉并巩固语法与专业知识，开阔眼界，

2.掌握一定的翻译技能和基本阅读能力，能看懂较简单的使用、维修、故障诊断英文资料，提高专业知识应用能力。学习方法认真听讲，做好记录，大胆实践，可到实验室对照实物学习配套教材新能源汽车专业英语(第2版)，宋进桂等编，机械工业出版社，2025ENGLISHFORNEWENERGYVEHICLESTHESTRUCTURE

OFTHECOURSE专业知识Overview基础知识BatteryDrivemotor课程结构TransmissionCasestudyDiagnosisDesignFCEVCNGV拓展++CAV本章学习内容Chapter1OverviewofNewEnergyVehicles新能源汽车概述本章学习目标本章难点重点1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehicles电动汽车的发展1.2OverviewofAlternativeFuelvehicles替代燃料汽车概述1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类1.了解电动汽车的发展过程，了解替代燃料的英文名称2.掌握电动汽车的分类及组成1.重点：英文专业术语2.难点：生词偏多NewWordsandPhrases1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesdecline[dɪ'klaɪn]n.下降;衰退electrified[ɪ'lektrɪfaɪd]adj.电气化的fancy['fænsi]adj.精致的;豪华的hybrid['haɪbrɪd]n.杂交生成的生物体;混合物initiation[ɪ̩nɪʃi'eɪʃn]n.开始minivan['mɪnivæn]n.微型厢式车ornate[ɔ:'neɪt]adj.装饰华丽的NewWordsandPhrases1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesoutsold[ֽaʊt'səʊld]v.卖得比…多pickup['pɪkʌp];n.皮卡range[reɪndʒ]n.范围;射程;续驶里程sedan[sɪ'dæn]n.轿子;（四门）轿车strategy['strætədʒi]n.策略，战略widespread['waɪdspred]adj.分布广的;普遍的;NewWordsandPhrases1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesalternativefuel替代燃料E-REV增程式电动汽车CNG压缩天然气LNG液化天然气alternativefueledvehicle替代燃料汽车electricmotor电动机electricstarter电起动机NewWordsandPhrases1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehicleselectricvehicle电动汽车electric-poweredvehicle电动汽车fromthegroundup从头开始gasolineengine汽油机gasoline-electrichybridautomobile汽油-电动混合动力汽车handcrank起动摇把horselesscarriage无马的马车，老式汽车NewWordsandPhrases1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehicleshybridcar混合动力汽车hydrogenfuelcell氢燃料电池lithium-ionbattery锂离子电池nickelmetalhydridebatterypack镍氢电池组oilcrisis石油危机plug-inHEV插电式混合动力电动汽车racingcar赛车Text1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesTheearlydays（1890-1930）：ThegoldenagePracticalandmoresuccessfulelectricroadvehicleswereinventedbybothAmericanThomasDavenportandScotsmenRobertDavidsonaround1842.FranceandGreatBritainwerethefirstnationstosupportthewidespreaddevelopmentofelectricvehiclesinthelate1800s.

In1899,aBelgianbuiltelectricracingcarcalled"LaJamaisContente"setaworldrecordforlandspeed-68mph.1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesIn1901,FerdinandPorschedevelopedtheLohner-PorscheMixteHybrid,thefirstgasoline-electrichybridautomobileintheworld.Itwasoriginallyanelectric-poweredvehicleandthenagasolineenginewasaddedtorechargethebattery.AnotherhybridcarthatusedbothagasolineengineandanelectricmotortopowerthevehiclewasbuiltbyWoodsMotorCompanyofChicagoin1916,Illinois,andwascalledthe“WoodsDualPower”.Theearlyelectricvehicles,suchasthe1902Wood'sPhaeton(Figure1.1),werelittlemorethanelectrifiedhorselesscarriages.ThePhaetonhadarangeof18miles,atopspeedof14mphandcost$2,000.Theyears1899and1900werethehighpointofelectriccarsinAmerica,astheyoutsoldallothertypesofcars.Whilebasicelectriccarscostunder$1,000,mostearlyelectricvehicleswereornate.Theyhadfancyinteriors,withexpensivematerials,andaveraged$3,000by1910.Electricvehicles(EVs)enjoyedsuccessintothe1920swithproductionpeakingin1912.1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesFigure1.11902Wood'sPhaeton1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehicles1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesThemiddleyears（1930-1990）：FallingintoadepressionThedeclineoftheelectricvehiclewasbroughtaboutbyseveralmajordevelopments,suchasabettersystemofroadsinAmericaBythe1920s,lowergasolinecarpricethanelectriccarsduetotheinitiationofmassproductionofinternalcombustionenginevehiclesbyHenryFord,thediscoveryofTexascrudeoilandtheinventionoftheelectricstarterin1912eliminatingtheneedforthehandcrank*1.*1Thedeclineoftheelectricvehiclewasbroughtaboutbyseveralmajordevelopments,suchasabettersystemofroadsinAmericaBythe1920s,lowergasolinecarpricethanelectriccarsduetotheinitiationofmassproductionofinternalcombustionenginevehiclesbyHenryFord,thediscoveryofTexascrudeoilandtheinventionoftheelectricstarterin1912eliminatingtheneedforthehandcrank.句子分析：句子很长，但结构并不复杂。suchas引出severalmajordevelopments的四个同位语，这四个同位语为名词短语或动名词复合结构。疑难句子分析*1Thedeclineoftheelectricvehiclewasbroughtaboutbyseveralmajordevelopments,suchasabettersystemofroadsinAmericaBythe1920s,lowergasolinecarpricethanelectriccarsduetotheinitiationofmassproductionofinternalcombustionenginevehiclesbyHenryFord,thediscoveryofTexascrudeoilandtheinventionoftheelectricstarterin1912eliminatingtheneedforthehandcrank.参考译文：电动汽车走下坡路是由几个重要的发展所引起的，例如，到20世纪20年代美国的道路系统更好；亨利·福特开始大规模生产内燃机车辆，从而导致了汽油车价格低于电动汽车；德克萨斯州发现了原油，以及1912年发明电起动机，不再需要手摇起动。疑难句子分析1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesElectricvehicleshadallbutdisappearedby1935.Theyearsfollowinguntilthe1960sweredeadyearsforelectricvehicledevelopmentandforuseaspersonaltransportation.The1970swhentheoilcrisisoccurredsawaneedforalternativefueledvehiclestoreducethedependencyonimportedforeigncrudeoil.Manymanufactureswerebeginningthedevelopmentofelectriccars.Inthe1980s,crudeoilwassuppliedsubstantiallyanditspricewasreduced.Thepaceofdevelopmentofelectriccarssloweddown.1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesTherecentyears（1990-1998）：MakingacomebackSeverallegislativeandregulatoryactionsintheUnitedStatesandworldwidehaverenewedelectricvehicledevelopmentefforts.PrimaryamongtheseistheU.S.1990CleanAirActAmendment,theU.S.1992EnergyPolicyAct,andregulationsissuedbytheCaliforniaAirResourcesBoard(CRAB).Inadditiontomorestringentairemissionsrequirementsandregulationsrequiringreductionsingasolineuse,severalstateshaveissuedZeroEmissionVehiclerequirements.1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesThe"BigThree"automobilemanufacturers,andtheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy,aswellasanumberofvehicleconversioncompaniesareactivelyinvolvedinelectricvehicledevelopmentthroughthePartnershipforaNewGenerationofVehicles(PNGV).Electricconversionsoffamiliargasolinepoweredvehicles,aswellaselectricvehiclesdesignedfromthegroundup,arenowavailablethatreachsuperhighwayspeedswithrangesof50to150milesbetweenrecharging.FordandGeneralMotorsduring1998,madetheRanger,theEV1,andtheS-10pickup.During1998theToyotaRAV4sportutility,theHondaEVPlussedan,andtheChryslerEPICminivanwerealsointroduced.Thesevehicleswereallequippedwithadvancednickelmetalhydridebatterypacks.1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesThecurrentandfuture（1998-）：BestillmakingprogressThehybridelectricvehicledidnotbecomewidelyavailableuntilthereleaseoftheToyotaPriusinJapanin1997,followedbytheHondaInsightsoldintheUnitedStatesstartingin1999.Thenin2001,thefirstToyotaPrius(Figure1.2)wasintroducedintheUnitedStates.1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesBy2010,therewereseveralelectricvehiclesforsalealthoughofteninlimitedpartsofthecountryandinlimitednumbers.ElectricvehiclesincludetheTeslaRoadster(Figure1.3),NissanLeaf,andChevroletVolt.Now,conventionalautomakersandsomenewcompaniessalemass-producedelectriccarsandhybridcars.1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesHydrogen,ElectricandHybridcarshavebeendevelopedanddemonstratedinseveralexhibitions.Atthe2019FrankfurtautoshowMercedes-BenzunveilstheVisionEQSconceptcar.Itsdrivingrangeisupto400miles(700km).The0–60mph(97km/h)runtakeslessthan4.5s.Thelithium-ionbatterycouldberechargedto80%capacityinlessthan20minutes.Zero-emissionvehiclesusinganelectricpowertrainsystembasedonhydrogenfuelcellsorpurelybatteryelectricsystemsthatarefullycompetitivetoconventionalvehiclesregardingperformanceandease-of-userepresenttheultimatetargetofthefuturestrategyasshowninFigure1.4*2.疑难句子分析*2Zero-emissionvehiclesusinganelectricpowertrainsystembasedonhydrogenfuelcellsorpurelybatteryelectricsystemsthatarefullycompetitivetoconventionalvehiclesregardingperformanceandease-of-userepresenttheultimatetargetofthefuturestrategyasshowninFigure1.4.句子分析：主语后面有个定语从句thatarefullycompetitivetoconventionalvehiclesregardingperformanceandease-of-use.谓语是represent.参考译文：使用基于氢燃料电池的电动动力系统或使用纯电池的

电动系统的零排放车辆，在性能和使用方便性方面可与传统车辆完全相媲美,它们是未来汽车发展战略的终极目标，如图1-4所示。

1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehiclesFigure1.4GM'sadvancepropulsionstrategy小结与作业Whatstagesdidthedevelopmentofelectricvehiclesgothrough?

电动汽车的发展经历了哪几个阶段？背诵重要的专业术语

上次课学习内容Chapter1OverviewofNewEnergyVehicles新能源汽车概述1.1TheDevelopmentofElectricVehicles电动汽车的发展回顾pickup['pɪkʌp]range[reɪndʒ]sedan[sɪ'dæn]strategy['strætədʒi]#阅读下列英文单词，并翻译成汉语复习阅读下列词组，并翻译成汉语alternativefuelalternativefueledvehicleelectricmotorelectricstarter复习##说明电动汽车发展分哪几个阶段electricvehicleelectric-poweredvehiclegasolineenginegasoline-electrichybridautomobile阅读下列词组，并翻译成汉语复习hybridcarhydrogenfuelcelllithium-ionbattery阅读下列词组，并翻译成汉语复习本次课学习内容Chapter1OverviewoftheNewEnergyVehicles新能源汽车概述本次课学习目标本次课难点重点1.2OverviewofAlternativeFuelvehicles替代燃料汽车概述1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类1.了解替代燃料的英文名称2.掌握电动汽车的分类及组成1.重点：英文专业术语，电动汽车分类及组成2.难点：专业词汇多讲授新课1.2OverviewofAlternativeFuelvehicles替代燃料汽车概述NewWordsandPhrasesalcohol['ælkəhɒl]n.乙醇，酒精decomposition[ֽdi:kɒmpə'zɪʃn]n.分解electrochemical[ɪֽlektrəʊ'kemɪkəl]adj.电气化学的headache['hedeɪk]n.头痛;令人头痛的事hydrocarbon[ֽhaɪdrə'kɑ:bən]n.碳氢化合物，烃hydrogen['haɪdrədʒən]n.氢1.2OverviewofAlternativeFuelvehicles替代燃料汽车概述infrastructure['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)]n.基础设施;基础建设methane['mi:θeɪn]n.甲烷methanol['meθənɒl]n.甲醇octane['ɒkteɪn]n.辛烷power['paʊə(r)]n.功率，动力，权力;vt.运转propulsion[prə'pʌlʃn]n.推进，推进力reformer[rɪ'fɔ:mə(r)]n.改革者，改良者;重整炉transportation[ֽtrænspɔ:'teɪʃn]n.运送，运输;运输工具1.2OverviewofAlternativeFuelvehicles替代燃料汽车概述dieselfuel柴油燃料fromthestandpointof从…的角度来看responsiblefor导致，是造成…的原因sparkignitionengine点燃式发动机powerbattery动力电池bereferredtoas叫做…，称为…flexiblefuelvehicles(FFV)灵活燃料汽车energydensity能量密度fuel-cellcar燃料电池汽车dualfuel双燃料（汽车）1.2OverviewofAlternativeFuelvehicles替代燃料汽车概述solarenergy太阳能greenhousegas温室气体compressionignitionengine压燃式发动机compressednaturalgas压缩天然气liquefiedpetroleumgas液化石油气transportationmeans运输工具1.2OverviewofAlternativeFuelvehicles替代燃料汽车概述TextAlternativefuelscurrentlycommerciallyavailableandcloselyattendedcanbelistedasfollows:·Liquidpetroleumgas·CNG·Methanol·Hydrogen·Fuel-cell·Electricity·Hybrid（electricity+conventionalfuels）1.2OverviewofAlternativeFuelvehicles替代燃料汽车概述ElectricalEnergy

Thebasicprincipleofanelectriccaristhatitispoweredbyanelectricmotorratherthanapetrolordieselengine.Theelectriccaritselfisnon-pollutingandanattractivetransportationmeansfromthestandpointofpreservingurbanenvironment.Electriccarsrunpurelyonelectricalenergygeneratedbylargebatteryunits.TheelectriccarhasoneorsometimestwolargeACmotorsandasingle-ordouble-speedreductiongearboxtodrivethewheels.1.2OverviewofAlternativeFuelvehicles替代燃料汽车概述HybridTheenergydensityofthepowerbatteryofanelectriccarposesseriousproblems;itstravelrangeperfullchargemaybemoreorlessthan100km.So,aformoftransportationcalled“hybrid”thatcombinestwoormoreformsofpowerandconvertsthisintopropulsionpowerinadirectorindirectwayisdeployingwidely.Thesehybridvehiclesoftenuseinternalcombustionengineandelectricmotorormotorstodrivethewheels.Themajorityoftoday’shybridcarsarepetrol-electric,butastechnologyadvancesweareseeingdiesel-electrichybridcars.1.2OverviewofAlternativeFuelvehicles替代燃料汽车概述Fuel-cellAfuelcellisanelectrochemicalenergyconversiondevice.Afuelcellconvertsthechemicalshydrogenandoxygenintowater,andintheprocessitproduceselectricity.Thefuelcellispoweredwithpurehydrogen,buthydrogenisdifficulttostoreanddistribute.Methanolisaliquidfuelthathassimilarpropertiestogasoline.Itisjustaseasytotransportanddistribute,somethanolmaybealikelycandidatetopowerfuel-cellcars.1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类NewWordsandPhrasesacceleration[əkֽselə'reɪʃn]n.加速，加速度anxiety[æŋ'zaɪəti]n.焦虑，忧虑categorize['kætəgəraɪz]vt.把…分门别类charge[tʃɑ:dʒ]vt.充电；n.电荷charger['tʃɑ:dʒə(r)]n.充电器，增压器converter[kən'vɜ:tə(r)]n.变换器，变压器1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类deplete[dɪ'pli:t]vt.&vi.耗尽，用尽deploy[dɪ'plɔɪ]vt.&vi.使展开，有效地利用employ[ɪm'plɔɪ]vt.雇用，使用，利用facilitate[fə'sɪlɪteɪt]vt.促进，助长，帮助frequent['fri:kwənt]adj.频繁的fuel['fju:əl]n.燃料；vt.给…加燃料；vi.补充燃料gasoline['gæsəli:n]n.汽油grid[grɪd]n.格子，格栅；管网，电网1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类infancy['ɪnfənsi]n.婴儿期，摇篮时代，初期intensive[ɪn'tensɪv]adj.强烈的inverter[ɪn'vɜ:tə]n.逆变器，变频器mostly['məʊstli]adv.大部分，主要地，基本上onboard['ɒn'bɔ:d]adj.随车携带的，车载的pollutant[pə'lu:tənt]n.污染物powertrain['paʊə(r)trein]n.动力传动系1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类all-electricrange(AER)全电续驶里程asof截止batteryelectricvehicle(BEV)纯电动汽车batterypack电池组DC-DCconverter直流-直流变换器drivetrain传动系统drivingrange续驶里程energystorageunit储能装置1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类fuelefficiency燃油经济性，燃料效率fuel-cellelectricvehicles(FCEV)燃料电池电动汽车fullelectricvehicle纯电动汽车，全电动汽车hybridelectricvehicles(HEV)混合动力电动汽车hydrogenfuelingstation加氢站motorinverter电动机逆变器plug-inelectricvehicles(PEV)插电式电动汽车1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类plug-inhybridelectricvehicle(PHEV) 插电式混合动力电动汽车powergrid 电网，电力网pureelectricvehicle纯电动汽车regenerativebraking再生制动schematicdiagram原理图，示意图tractionmotor推进电动机zero-emissionvehicle零排放汽车1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类

Electricvehiclesarebroadlycategorizedintofourgroupsbasedontheelectricdesignoftheirpowertrains,namelybatteryelectricvehicles(BEVs),plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs),hybridelectricvehicles(HEVs),andfuel-cellelectricvehicles(FCEVs).OnlyBEVsandPHEVsareplug-capable,andarereferredtoasplug-inelectricvehicles(PEVs).1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类1.3.1BatteryElectricVehiclesBEVsalsoknownaspureelectricvehicles,fullelectricvehiclesorelectricvehicles(EVs),arepoweredbyanelectricmotoranddonotemployaninternalcombustionengine，asshowninFigure1.5.ThebatteryprovidedelectricenergytothemotorandusedastheenergystorageunitofaBEVischargedprimarilybythepowergridandpartiallyviaregenerativebraking.1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类Fig.1.5DrivetrainschematicdiagramofBEV1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类Batteryelectricvehiclesdonothavetailpipeemissions;therefore,theyarealsocalledzero-emissionvehicles.Inordertofacilitatereasonabledrivingranges,theBEVstypicallyhavethelargestbatterypackscomparedtoothermodels.Thesizeofthesebatterypacksusuallyvariesbetween20kWhto85kWhwithall-electricrange(AER)of80−300miles.Currently,avarietyofcommercialbatteryelectricvehiclesareavailableinthemarket.1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类1.3.2HybridElectricVehiclesHEVsareprimarilypoweredbyinternalcombustionengines,whichuseconventionalfuelssuchasgasolineanddiesel.Thesevehiclesarealsoequippedwithbatterypacks,whicharechargedbyregenerativebrakingsystemsandaremainlyusedtoenhancethefuelefficiencyofthevehicle.ThefirstgenerationofHEVswaspresentedtothemarketin1997,whenToyotaintroducedthePriusmodel,andtwoyearslaterHondaintroducedtheInsightmodel.Asofmid-2015morethan10millionHEVsweredeployedworldwide.1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类1.3.3Plug-inHybridElectricVehiclesAsshowninFigure1.6,PHEVsemploybothanelectricmotorandaninternalcombustionengine(ICE),whichcanusegasolineordiesel.Typically,PHEVbatteriesaresmallerthanthoseofBEVs,becausetherequireddrivingrangeismostlysupportedbyinternalcombustionenginesandtheircombineddrivingrangeishigherthanthatofBEVs.Asaresult,themainadvantageofPHEVsisemployingbothenginestypes,whichhelpstheconsumersovercomerangeanxiety.InPHEVs,theelectricmotorisusedmostlyinurbanenvironmentswheredrivinginvolvesfrequentstops.Ontheotherhand,aninternalcombustionengineisusedwhenthebatteryisdepleted,duringintensivecoolingorheating,orduringrapidacceleration.1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类Figure1.6DrivetrainschematicdiagramofPHEV1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类1.3.4Fuel-CellElectricVehiclesFCEVsusefuelcells,typicallyhydrogen,topowertheironboardelectricmotorsorchargetheirstorageunitsasshowninFigure1.7.Figure1.7SchematicdiagramofFCEVDrivetrain1.3ClassificationsofElectricVehicles电动汽车的分类ThepropulsionsysteminFCEVsismoreefficientthanthoseintheconventionalICEVs,andtheydonotemitanypollutants.FCEVscanbefueledwithin10minutesandtheycandriveupto300miles.Overthelastfewyears,anumberofcarmanufacturersandgovernmentagencieshavesupportedresearchanddevelopmentactivitiesthatacceleratefuel-celltechnology.UnlikeBEVsandPHEVs,theFCEVsdonotusepowergridtochargetheirbatteries.Also,theironboardbatteriesarefairlysmallinsizecomparedtothoseofBEVs,PHEVs,andHEVs.ThedisadvantagesofFCEVsincludedhavinglimitednetworksofhydrogenfuelingstationsandthetechnologybeingstillinitsinfancystages.小结与作业WhatareAlternativefuelscurrentlycommerciallyavailableandcloselyattended?

目前商业可用和受到紧密关注的替代燃料有哪些？Whatarethetypesofelectricvehicles?

电动汽车分为哪几种？背诵重要的专业术语

本章学习内容Chapter2PowerBatteriesofEVs

电动汽车动力电池本章学习目标本章难点重点2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型（2学时）2.2ConstructionandPrinciple结构与原理2.3BatteryManagementandCoolingSystems电池管理与冷却系统（2学时）2.4BatteryChargingTechnology电池充电技术2.5ServiceandTesting维护与测试（2学时）1.掌握重要的电池基本术语；2.掌握锂离子与镍氢电池以及管理系统的结构、原理和维护；3.了解电池充电技术1.重点：英文专业术语；2.难点：基本术语NewWordsandPhrases2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型accommodate[ə'kɒmədeɪt]v.容纳accumulate[ə'kju:mjəleɪt]vt.&vi.堆积，积累calculate['kælkjuleɪt]vt.&vi.计算，估计cell[sel]n.电池，单体电池characterize['kærəktəraɪz]vt.描述…的特性definition[ֽdefɪ'nɪʃn]n.定义degradation[ֽdegrə'deɪʃn]n.恶化discharge[dɪs'tʃɑ:dʒ]vt.放电，卸船2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型electrode[ɪ'lektrəʊd]n.电极electrolyte[ɪ'lektrəlaɪt]n.电解液，电解质gauging['geɪdʒɪŋ]n.测量[试]，测定gyro-accumulator['dʒaɪrəʊ-

ə'kju:mjəleɪtə(r)]n.陀螺蓄能器indicator['ɪndɪkeɪtə(r)]n.指示器，指标，指示灯measure['meʒə(r)]n.度量，度量单位;metric['metrɪk]n.度量标准，尺度2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型module['mɒdju:l]n.模块，模组，组件moving-offn.移离，起步nominal['nɒmɪnl]adj.名义上的，标称的pack[pæk]n.包裹，一组packaging['pækɪdʒɪŋ]n.包装parameter[pə'ræmɪtə(r)]n.参数，参量quantify['kwɒntɪfaɪ]vt.确定…的数量，量化2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型represent[ֽreprɪ'zent]vt.表现，象征;代表security[sɪ'kjʊərəti]n.安全separator['sepəreɪtə(r)]n.隔板，分离器terminology[ֽtɜ:mɪ'nɒlədʒi]n.术语uninterruptedlyad.不间断地2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型ampere-hour(Ah)capacity安时容量becomposedof由…组成calendarlife历年寿命citybus城市公共汽车cyclelife循环寿命deep-cyclebattery深度循环蓄电池depthofdischarge(DoD)放电深度double-layercapacitor双层电容器2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型electricalmachine电机energyaccumulator蓄能器，储能系统fueltank燃油箱hydraulicaccumulator液压蓄能器lead-acidbattery铅酸蓄电池lithiumbattery锂电池lithium-polymerbattery锂聚合物电池nickel-basedbattery镍电池2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型operatingcondition工作条件，工作状况overtime随着时间的推移powerdensity功率密度specificenergy比能量specificpower比功率stateofcharge(SoC)荷电状态stateofhealth(SoH)健康状态withrespectto关于，相对于2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型2.1.1BasicBatteryTerminologyThereexistcertaindefinitionsandmeasuresthatquantifyandcharacterizetheperformanceofthebatteriesforautomotiveapplications.•Cells,modules,andpacksarethecentralphysicalcomponentsofaPEVbattery.Acellisthesmallestpossiblebatterythatcontainselectrodes,aseparator,andanelectrolyte.Theoutputvoltageofatypicalcellvariesbetweenonetosixvolts.Amoduleconsistsofmultiplecellsthatareusuallyconnectedineitherseriesorparallel.Similarly,apackiscomposedofafewmoduleslocatedinasinglelocation.2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型•Ampere-hour(Ah)capacity

istheamountofchargetransferredbyone-ampereflowduringonehour.Anotherfrequentlyusedcapacitytermistheratedwatt-hourcapacity,whichistheproductofratedAhcapacityandratedbatteryvoltage.Ahigherbatterycapacityprovideslongerdrivingranges,anditalsotakesmoretimetochargethebattery.•Stateofcharge(SoC)isanindicatorofbatterydegradationovertime,whichcanbecausedduetooperatingconditions.Accurategaugingiscriticalforbatterymanagementsystems.SoCmeasurestheratioofthepresentbatterycapacitywithrespecttomaximumcapacity,andiscalculatedaccordingto2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型.2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型•Depthofdischarge(DoD)isusedtorepresentthepercentageofdischargedcapacity.Hence,

Deep-cyclebatteriesareusuallydischargedto80%orhigher.•Stateofhealth(SoH)isusedtorepresenttheratioofthemaximumchargecapacitytoitsidealconditions.TheSoHindicatestheperformancedegradationsofthebattery,whichisalsorelatedtoitsremaininglifetime.2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型•Cyclelifeisthenumberofcharge-dischargecyclesthatabatterycanaccommodatewithinthedesiredperformanceregions.CyclelifeisdeterminedforaparticularDoD,whichistypicallyaround80%.Actuallifeofthebatterycanbeshorterduetoundesiredoperatingconditionssuchashightemperatureandhumidity.•Calendarlifeisthenumberofcalendaryearsthatabatteryisexpectedtolast,anditdependsontheSoCandtheoperatingtemperature.2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型•Specificenergyrepresentstheamountofenergythatcanbestoredinaunitmass,anditisoftenmeasuredwiththephysicaldimensionwatt-hoursperkilogram(Wh/kg).ItiscomputedaccordingtoSpecificenergy,whichisalsoreferredtoasthegravimetricenergydensity,isanindicatorofthebatterychemistryandpackaging,whichdeterminestheadditionalweightintroducedbythebatteryforadesiredall-electricrange*1.ItisoneofthemostimportantmetricsforassessingthePEVperformance.疑难句子分析*1Specificenergy,whichisalsoreferredtoasthegravimetricenergydensity,isanindicatorofthebatterychemistryandpackaging,whichdeterminestheadditionalweightintroducedbythebatteryforadesiredall-electricrange.句子分析：句中有两个which…定语从句，第一个是主语的定语从句，第二个是indicator的定语从句。参考译文：比能量也被称为重量能量密度，它是衡量电池化学和封装的一个指标，这个指标决定着为获得期望的全电续驶里程由电池所带来的额外重量。

2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型•Specificenergyrepresentstheamountofenergythatcanbestoredinaunitmass,anditisoftenmeasuredwiththephysicaldimensionwatt-hoursperkilogram(Wh/kg).ItiscomputedaccordingtoSpecificenergy,whichisalsoreferredtoasthegravimetricenergydensity,isanindicatorofthebatterychemistryandpackaging,whichdeterminestheadditionalweightintroducedbythebatteryforadesiredall-electricrange*1.ItisoneofthemostimportantmetricsforassessingthePEVperformance.2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型•Specificpoweristhemetricusedtodefinethemaximumavailablepowerperunitmass,anditisoftenexpressedinwattsperkilogram(W/kg).Specificpower,sometimesalsoreferredtoasgravimetricpowerdensity,canbecalculatedviaSpecificpowerdeterminesthebatteryweightforparticularPEVperformancemeasuressuchasaccelerationandregenerativebraking.2.1BasicTerminologyandTypesofPowerBatteries动力电池的基本术语和类型•Energydensityofabatteryisthenominalenergyperunitvolume,anditisrepresentedbywatt-hourperliter(Wh/L).Energydensity,orvolumetricenergydensity,determinesthephysicalspacerequiredtoachieveaparticularperformancetargetsuchasdrivingrange.•Powerdensityisthemaximumavailablepowerperunitvolumeofthebattery,anditisrepresentedbywattperliter(W/