英语四级2023试题

英语四级2023试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopingdigitalliteracy.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Withtherapidadvancementoftechnology,theconceptofa"smartcity"hasevolvedfromafuturisticideaintoatangiblerealityinmanypartsoftheworld.Asmartcityutilizesdigitaltechnologyanddatatoenhancethe___1___ofurbanservices,reduceresourceconsumption,andimprovetheoverallqualityoflifeforitscitizens.Sensors,cameras,andotherdata-collectiondevicesare___2___integratedintothecity'sinfrastructure,fromtrafficlightsandwastemanagementsystemstopublicbuildingsandparks.Thisnetworkofconnecteddevices,oftenreferredtoastheInternetofThings(IoT),generatesamassiveamountofdata.The___3___liesinanalyzingthisdataeffectivelytogaininsightsandmakeinformeddecisions.Forinstance,real-timetrafficdatacanbeusedto___4___congestionbydynamicallyadjustingsignaltimings.Similarly,smartgridscan___5___electricitydistributionbasedonreal-timedemand,promotingenergyefficiency.However,thetransitiontosmartcitiesisnotwithoutchallenges.Significantfinancial___6___arerequiredforinfrastructureupgrades.Moreover,thecollectionanduseofvastamountsofpersonaldataraiseseriousconcernsaboutprivacyanddata___7___.Criticsarguethatwithoutrobustlegalframeworksand___8___securitymeasures,citizens'datacouldbemisused.Furthermore,thereisariskthatthebenefitsofsmarttechnologymightnotbe___9___distributed,potentiallywideningthedigitaldividebetweendifferentsocioeconomicgroups.Despitethesehurdles,thepotentialbenefitsforsustainabledevelopmentandefficientresourcemanagementmakethepursuitofsmartcitiesacompelling,albeitcomplex,___10___forurbanplannersworldwide.A)optimizeB)investmentsC)equitablyD)ventureE)challengeF)securityG)distributeH)keyI)efficientlyJ)performanceK)diminishL)comprehensiveM)initiativeN)strategicallyO)implementedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thephenomenonof"phubbing"—aportmanteauof"phone"and"snubbing"—referstotheactofignoringsomeoneinasocialsettingbyconcentratingonone'smobilephone.Whileitmightseemlikeaharmlesshabit,agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatphubbingcanhavesignificantnegativeimpactsonpersonalrelationshipsandmentalwell-being.AstudypublishedintheJournalofAppliedSocialPsychologyfoundthatphubbingbyaromanticpartnerunderminessatisfactionwithintherelationship.Theignoredindividualoftenfeelsexcludedandperceivesalackofsupportandconnection,whichcanleadtoconflictanddecreasedrelationshipquality.Thisisbecausesmartphonesactasaconstantsourceof"environmentaldistraction,"pullingattentionawayfromface-to-faceinteractionsthatarecrucialforbuildingintimacyandtrust.Furthermore,phubbingdoesn'tonlyaffectthepersonbeingignored;itcanalsoimpacttheperpetrator.Constantlycheckingyourphoneinsocialsituationscanbecomeacompulsivebehavior,reducingyourabilitytobepresentandengagedeeplywithothers.Thiscanhinderthedevelopmentofstrongsocialbondsandmaycontributetofeelingsoflonelinessandsocialanxietyovertime,evenwhensurroundedbypeople.Perhapsmoresurprisingly,themerepresenceofasmartphoneonthetableduringaconversation,evenifit'snotactivelyused,canreducethequalityoftheinteraction.Researchershavetermedthisthe"iPhoneeffect."Thevisiblephoneservesasasymbolicreminderofthewidersocialnetworkandotherpotentialinteractions,divertingcognitiveresourcesawayfromthecurrentconversationandmakingindividualslessempatheticandattentivetotheircompanions.Inanagewheredigitalconnectivityiscelebrated,thesefindingsserveasacrucialreminderofthecostofdividedattention.Theysuggestthatmindfulphoneuse—suchassettingdevicesasideduringmealsorimportantconversations—isnotjustamatterofetiquettebutasignificantcontributortohealthier,morefulfillinginterpersonalrelationships.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Thedefinitionandoriginoftheword"phubbing."B)Thepositiverolesmartphonesplayinmoderncommunication.C)Thenegativeconsequencesofphubbingonrelationshipsandmentalhealth.D)Strategiestopromotemindfuluseofmobilephones.12.Accordingtothepassage,phubbinginromanticrelationshipscanleadtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.A)increasedrelationshipsatisfactionB)feelingsofexclusionC)perceivedlackofsupportD)moreconflicts13.Whatdoestheterm"environmentaldistraction"refertointhecontextofthepassage?A)Noisysurroundingsthatmakeconversationdifficult.B)Thesmartphoneasanobjectthatdivertsattentionfromface-to-faceinteraction.C)Otherpeopleinthesocialenvironmentwhoareusingphones.D)Thementalburdenofmanagingmultiplesocialmediaaccounts.14.Whatisthe"iPhoneeffect"asdescribedinthepassage?A)ThetendencyforpeopletobuythelatestiPhonemodel.B)Thereducedqualityofconversationduetothemerepresenceofaphone.C)Theincreasedempathypeopleshowwhentheirphoneisvisible.D)Thecompulsivebehaviorofcheckingnotifications.15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasawaytomitigatetheproblemscausedbyphubbing?A)Usingphonesmorefrequentlytostayconnected.B)Turningoffphonescompletelyinallsocialsettings.C)Practicingmindfulphoneuse,likeputtingdevicesawayduringkeyinteractions.D)Replacingsmartphoneswitholder,lessdistractingmodels.PassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forcenturies,farmershavereliedonnaturalpollinatorslikebeesandbutterfliestofertilizetheircrops.However,decliningpollinatorpopulationsduetohabitatloss,pesticides,andclimatechangehavethreatenedglobalfoodsecurity.Inresponse,researchersandstartupsaredevelopingroboticpollinatorsasapotentialhigh-techsolution.Theserobots,oftensmalldronesorground-basedmachines,aredesignedtomimicthepollinationprocess.Someareequippedwithcamerasandartificialintelligencetoidentifyflowers,whileothersusestickygelsordelicatebrushestopickupanddepositpollen.Proponentsarguethatroboticpollinatorscouldprovideareliable,weather-independentsupplementtonaturalpollinators,ensuringstableyieldsforhigh-valuecropslikefruitsandnuts.Theycouldbeparticularlyusefulincontrolledenvironmentslikegreenhousesorforpollinatingplantsatnightwhenbeesareinactive.However,theconceptfacessubstantialcriticismandhurdles.Ecologistswarnthatreplacingbeeswithmachinesaddressesonlythesymptom,nottherootcauseofpollinatordecline.Theprimaryfocus,theyargue,shouldbeonconservingandrestoringnaturalecosystemstosupportbeepopulations.Technologically,creatingrobotsdexterousandefficientenoughtomatchthescaleandeffectivenessofbillionsofinsectsisamonumentalengineeringchallenge.Thecostofdeveloping,deploying,andmaintainingfleetsofpollinatorrobotsiscurrentlyprohibitivelyhighformostagriculturalapplications.Furthermore,pollinationisnotasimplemechanicaltransfer;itispartofacomplexecologicalrelationship.Beesdonotjustpollinate;theyalsocontributetobiodiversityandthehealthofthewiderecosysteminwaysrobotscannotreplicate.Therearealsoconcernsabouttheenvironmentalfootprintofmanufacturingandchargingthousandsormillionsofrobots.Whileroboticpollinatorsrepresentaninnovativeapplicationofrobotics,mostexpertsviewthemasalast-resortbackupplanratherthanaprimarysolution.Theconsensusinthescientificcommunityisthatthemostsustainablepathforwardistoaggressivelyprotectnaturalpollinatorsbypromotingbiodiversity,reducingpesticideuse,andpreservinghabitats,whileusingtechnologyasatargetedtoolforspecific,limitedscenarios.16.Whatistheprimaryreasonfordevelopingroboticpollinators?A)Tocompletelyreplacebeesandbutterfliesinallfarming.B)Toprovideatechnologicalsupplementduetodecliningnaturalpollinatorpopulations.C)Toreducethecostoffarmingoperations.D)Tomakepollinationpossibleforthefirsttimeinhistory.17.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisanadvantageofroboticpollinators?A)Theyarecheaperthanmaintainingbeehives.B)Theycanworkindependentlyofweatherconditions.C)Theyimprovethebiodiversityoftheecosystem.D)Theyperfectlyreplicatethecomplexroleofbees.18.Whatisamajortechnologicalchallengementionedregardingroboticpollinators?A)Teachingrobotstoproducehoney.B)Makingthemasefficientandscalableasbillionsofinsects.C)Programmingthemtoavoidbirds.D)Designingthemtobesolar-poweredonly.19.Whydoecologistscriticizethefocusonroboticpollinators?A)Becauserobotsarenotintelligentenough.B)Becauseitignorestheneedtoaddresstherootcausesofpollinatordecline.C)Becausetheybelievetechnologyhasnoplaceinagriculture.D)Becauserobotsmightscareawaytheremainingbees.20.Whatisthegeneralconsensusamongexpertsregardingthesolutiontopollinationchallenges?A)Investingsolelyinrobotictechnologyisthefuture.B)Protectingnaturalpollinatorsshouldbethepriority,withtechnologyasalimitedtool.C)Bothnaturalandroboticpollinatorsshouldbedevelopedequally.D)Theproblemofpollinatordeclineisunsolvable.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouranswer.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术形式，拥有数千年的历史。它不仅仅是书写汉字，更是表达情感和审美观念的一种方式。书法家使用毛笔、墨和宣纸，通过线条的粗细、墨色的浓淡以及结构的平衡来创造艺术作品。练习书法需要极大的耐心和专注力，被认为是一种修身养性的活动。如今，尽管数字技术日益普及，中国书法仍然深受人们喜爱，被视为中华文化遗产的重要组成部分，并在世界各地被教授和实践。PartIV(Thissectionisintentionallyomittedasperinstructiontoavoid听力题/listeningcomprehension).---答案(AnswerKey)PartIWriting(略-Modelessaywouldbeprovidedinarealscoringguide,butisomittedhereascontentvaries.)PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.J)performance2.O)implemented3.H)key4.A)optimize5.G)distribute6.B)investments7.F)security8.L)comprehensive9.C)equitably10.D)ventureSectionB11.C)Thenegativeconsequencesofphubbingonrelationshipsandmentalhealth.12.A)increasedrelationshipsatisfaction13.B)Thesmartphoneasanobjectthatdivertsattentionfromface-to-faceinteraction.14.B)There