2025年北京外国语大学英语专业硕士入学面试真题解析及备考攻略

Abstract

TheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage(TOEFL)containsadirect

writingassessment,andexamineesaregiventheoptionofcomposingtheir

responsesatacomputerterminalusingakeyboardorcomposingtheir

responsesinhandwriting.(2)Thisstudysoughttodeterminewhether

performanceonadirectwritingassessmentiscomparableforexaminees

whengiventhechoicetocomposeessaysinhandwritingversusword

processing.(3)WeexaminedthisrelationshipcontrollingforEnglish

languageproficiencyandseveraldemographiccharacteristicsofexaminees

usinglinearmodels.(4)Wefoundaweaktwo-wayinteractionbetween

compositionmediumandEnglishlanguageproficiencywithexamineeswith

weakerEnglishlanguagescoresperformingbetteronhandwrittenessays

whileexamineeswithbetterEnglishlanguagescoresperforming

comparablyonthetwotestingmedia.(5)Wealsoobservedpredictable

differencesassociatedwithgeographicregion,nativelanguage,gender,and

age.

(1)Thefunctionofsentence(1)isto:

a)?describethebackgroundsituation.

b)?statetheproblemtobestudied.

c)?describetheirproceduresandmethods.

d)?presenttheresults.

e)?discusstheresultsandtheirimplications.

(2)Thefunctionofsentence(2)isto:

a)?describethebackgroundsituation

b)?statetheproblemtobestudied.

c)?describetheirproceduresandmethods.

d)?presenttheresults.

e)?discusstheresultsandtheirimplications.

(3)Thefunctionofsentence(3)isto:

a)?describethebackgroundsituation.

b)?statetheproblemtobestudied.

c)?describetheirproceduresandmethods.

d)?presenttheresults.

e)?discusstheresultsandtheirimplications.

(4)Thefunctionofsentence(4)isto:

a)?describethebackgroundsituation.

b)?statetheproblemtobestudied.

c)?describetheirproceduresandmethods.

d)?presenttheresults.

e)?discusstheresultsandtheirimplications.

(5)Thefunctionofsentence(5)isto:

a)?describethebackgroundsituation.

b)?statetheproblemtobestudied.

c)?describetheirproceduresandmethods.

d)?presenttheresults.

e)?discusstheresultsandtheirimplications.

1.A:Yes,thissentencegivesinformationaboutthetest(theTOEFL)which

wasthecontextofthestudy.

2.B：Yesf"Thisstudysought..."isatypicalbeginningtoastatementofthe

aimsofthestudy.

3.CYes,"Weexamined…”introducesastatementaboutwhattheydidand

howtheydidit.

4.D.Yes,"Weexamined...11introducesastatementaboutwhattheydidand

howtheydidit.

5.E.Yes,nWefound..."isatypicalwaytopresentresults

Abstract

Thepresentresearchexaminesvisualperceptioninbothtypicalandatypical

developments.(2)Toexaminetheprocessesbywhichperceptual

mechanismsbecomeattunedtothecontingenciesofaffectivesignalsinthe

environment,theauthorsmeasuredthesequential,content-based

propertiesoffeaturedetectioninemotionrecognitionprocesses.(3)To

evaluatetheroleofexperience,theycomparedtypicallydevelopingchildren

withphysicallyabusedchildren,whowerepresumedtohaveexperienced

highlevelsofthreatorhostility.(4)Aspredicted,physicallyabusedchildren

accuratelyidentifiedfacialdisplaysofangeronthebasisoflesssensory

inputthandidcontrols,whichsuggeststhatphysicallyabusedchildrenhave

facilitatedaccesstorepresentationsofanger.(5)Thefindingsarediscussed

intermsofexperientialprocessesinperceptuallearning.

(1)Thefunctionofsentence(1)isto:

a)?describethebackgroundsituation.

b)?statetheproblemtobestudied.

c)?describetheirproceduresandmethods.

d)?presenttheresults.

e)?statehowtheresultsarediscussed.

(2)Thefunctionofsentence(2)isto:

a)?describethebackgroundsituation

b)?statetheproblemtobestudied.

c)?describetheirproceduresandmethods.

d)?presenttheresults.

e)?statehowtheresultsarediscussed.

(3)Thefunctionofsentence(3)isto:

a)?describethebackgroundsituation.

b)?statetheproblemtobestudied.

c)?describetheirproceduresandmethods.

d)?statehowtheresultsarediscussed.

e)?statehowtheresultsarediscussed.

(4)Thefunctionofsentence(4)isto:

a)?describethebackgroundsituation.

b)?statetheproblemtobestudied.

c)?describetheirproceduresandmethods.

d)?presenttheresults.

e)?statehowtheresultsarediscussed.

(5)Thefunctionofsentence(5)isto:

a)?describethebackgroundsituation.

b)?statetheproblemtobestudied.

c)?describetheirproceduresandmethods.

d)?presenttheresults.

e)?statehowtheresultsarediscussed.

B.Yes,thissentencestatestheproblemtobestudied.Notethetypical

expression"Thepresentresearchexamines..."

C：Yes,"...theauthorsmeasured...,rindicatestheirmethods

C:Yes,thisisasecondsentencedescribingtheirmethods.Note:"...they

compared…"anexpressionwhichindicatestheirmethods..

D:Yes,nAspredicted,nindicatestheyaregoingtopresenttheirresults.

D:Yes,"Thefindingsarediscussed..."isasynonymof"Theresultsare

discussed

E:Yes,"Thefindingsarediscussed…"isasynonymof"Theresultsare

discussed

Readthesampleessaybelowandthenanalyseit.

TheCostofTourismintheCookIslands

Intheory,tourismbringssubstantialeconomicbenefitstoacountry.Butwho

gainsthewealthgenerated?Inrecenttimestouroperatorshavebrought

largenumbersoftouriststotheCookIslandstoenjoytheirbeautyandthe

traditionallifestyle.Localpeoplemeetthisdemandintheformofprofit

generation.CanitbearguedthattourismintheCookIslandshasbrought

wealthandwell-beingforthemajorityofthelocalpopulation?Tourismisalso

promotedascreatingjobsandfosteringsocialrelations,andinparticulara

betterunderstandingbetweennations.However,thereis,accordingtoone

researcher,"agrowingbodyofempiricalevidencethattheso-called

'benefits'oftourismareoftengreatlyoutweighedbythesubstantial

long-termsocialandenvironmentalcostsincurred"(Mercer,1994,p.127).

ThisessaywillarguethatinthecaseoftheCookIslands,tourismfs

economicandsocialbenefitsareunfortunatelyunrealisedidealsandthat

insteadithasputstressesandstrainsonboththecountry'seconomic

wellbeinganditssocialvalues.

Turningfirsttotheallegedeconomicbenefitsoftourism,wecanseethatin

thecaseoftheCookIslands,thereisavarietyofsourcesofincomefrom

touristreceipts.Accordingtoa1991visitorsurvey(TourismCouncilofthe

SouthPacific,1991),afterbeachactivitiesandnaturalscenery(62%),

visitorstotheCookIslandsarelookingforentertainmentandfolkloreand

cultureexperiences(27%),Touristscontributetothelocaleconomyby

spendingmoneyontraveltoandaroundthecountry,aswellason

accommodation,food,entertainmentandsouvenirs.Resultsfromthissame

survey,forexample,revealedthatinthesurveyperiod(October1991to

February1992)closeto90%oftouristssurveyedstayedinhotelsorsimilar

accommodation.Also,closeto70%oftotaltouristexpenditurewason

accommodation,restaurantsandbars,withafurther16%ontransport,tours

andentertainment(TourismCounciloftheSouthPacific,1991).Touristsare

thushelpingtocreatejobswhicharebasedonmakingthemfeelwelcome

andatthesametimetheyputcashintotheeconomydirectlybypayingfor

services.

Therearedownsideshowever.TheCookIslandsdoesnothavethe

capacitytoownandmaintainbusinessessuchaslargeairlinecompaniesor

touristhotels.TheyareownedbyothercountriessuchasNewZealandor

multinationalconglomerates.Thecostoftravelandaccommodation,which

constitutesalargepartofatourist'sexpenditure,goesdirectlytothe

foreign-ownedairlinesandhotels.Theseoutsideinterestsdrawthebulkof

theprofittheycreateoutofthecountry.Littleofitreachesthelocaleconomy.

AccordingtoMilne(1987),overseasoperatorsreceiveapproximately60%of

alltouristreceipts,whilelocalEuropeansreceive23%,withtheremaining

17%flowingtoCookIslandsownedenterprises.Itislikelythatthese

disproportionatesharesofcontrolofthetouristdollarwillhavespinoff

effectsonthesocialfabric.AsMilneclaimsnthecrucialfactorindetermining

thelevelofnegativesocialimpactsisthedegreetowhichlocalparticipation

intheownershipandcontroloftheindustryisundermined"(Milne,1987,p.

120).TourismintheCookIslandsinthelateeightiesappearstohave

providedoverwhelmingeconomicbenefittoforeignersratherthanthelocal

population.Thismaywellhaveimpactednegativelyonthesocialfabric.Itis

beyondthescopeoftheessaytoexaminethis,butMilne'sclaimseemsa

reasonableone.

Thecreationofjobsisoftenclaimedtobeoneofthepositivesideeffectsof

tourism.However,accordingMilne(1987,p.134)"Despitetotalling95%of

thepopulation,CookIslandMaorisonlyfill53%ofthemanagerialor

supervisorypositionsintheindustry.Europeansontheotherhand,fill47%

ofthesepositions,despitecomprisinglessthan5%ofthecountry's

population11.Again,thereisclearlyanimbalancebetweenlocaland

non-localparticipationintheeconomicbenefitsoftourismintermsofwho

doeswhatjob.Thismirrorstheimbalanceinownershipofoperator

resourcesdescribedinthepreviousparagraph.Anotherunintended

negativeeffectisthattourismemploymentisseenaseasymoneywhen

comparedtotraditionalislandoccupationslikecropping.Itattractslabour

awayfromcropping,anotherimportantsourceofincomefortheeconomy.

SoCookIslandersappearmainlytoreceiveeconomicbenefitviamostly

non-managerialwagesandatthesametimethelabourforceisdrawnaway

fromotherimportantareasofeconomicactivity.

Turningtothesupposedsocialbenefitsoftourism,wecanalsoseesome

discrepanciesbeneaththesurfaceideals.Totakeadvantageofanyother

moneythetouristsarepreparedtospend,CookIslanderscourttouristswith

theirownenterprises.Buttouristshavetheirownsetofimagesaboutthe

culturebeforetheyevensetfootinthecountry,andwhentheyarrivethey

seektoaffirmtheseimages.Touristsusuallyonlywanttoseewhatis

pleasantandenjoyablewhetherornottheyareexperiencingtrulyauthentic

featuresofasociety.Thisexplainsforexamplethepopularityofthe

,traditionarCookIslandtapaclothsandlavalavaswhichareimportedfroma

factoryinNewZealand.Thecostinculturaltermsisborneoutfurtherby

anotherrealitylyingbehindtheideal.Tourismisclaimedtodrawdifferent

culturestogether.However,whatoftenresultsfromthisculturalmixingof

firstandthirdworldpopulationsisculturalenvy(Milne,1987,p.127).With

increasedexposuretowesternlifestyleslocalpeoplestarttoemulate

aspectsofwesternculturesuchasconsumerismandtheconsumptionof

alcohol,withtheexpectednegativeresults.Alloftheselessthanideal

realitiesbeneathapositivesurfaceindicatethatasfarastheCookIslands

areconcerned,fortherelativelylowfinancialreturnthattourismofferstothe

localpopulation,thesocialcostsaretoohigh.

Itisworthconsideringwhateconomicbenefitsmightbefoundinlesssocially

damagingandeconomicallymoreeffectiveformsoftheindustry.Tuara

(1990)forexamplecontainsadetaileddiscussionofanappropriatemodel

forsustainabletourismdevelopmentbasedontheexperienceofBarbados,

andinarecentdiscussionoftheroleofecotourisminthePacific,Hall

concludes:"toneglectthesocialdimensionofdevelopmentandpeople's

relationshiptotheirenvironmentisinoppositiontotheprinciplesof

sustainabledevelopment"(1994,p.154).Hecitesastudyofecotourismin

theSolomonIslands(Rudkin,1994)fwhere''developmentproposalsserved

onlytoreinforcethepowerandwealthof'bigmen'attheexpenseofthe

widerindigenouscommunity”.TheCookIslandscouldperhapsavoidthe

reinforcementofsimilarexistingpowerrelationsiftouristplanningwasmore

underthecontrolofthoseaffectedbyit.ControloftheCookIslandstourism

industrybylocalpeople,trainingoflocalpeopleandadvicefromthose

outsidersworkingalongsideinapartnershipmodecouldmeanthattourism

bringsmanymorebenefitsandfewercosts.

1145words

References

Hall,C.M.(1994).EcotourisminAustralia,NewZealandandtheSouth

Pacific:Appropriatetourismoranewformofecologicalimperialism?InE.

Carter&GLowman(Eds.),Ecotourism:Asustainableoption?(pp.137-157).

Chichester:JohnWiley&Sons.

Mercer,D.(1994).Nativepeoplesandtourism:Conflictandcompromise.In

W.Theobold(Ed.),Globaltourism:Thenextdecade(pp.124-145).Oxford:

Butterworth-Heinemann.

Milne.S.(1987).TheCookIslands'touristindustry:Ownershipandplanning.

PacificViewpoint,28(2),119-138.

Rudkin,B.(1994).Ecotourism:Passagetosustainabledevelopment?

Unpublishedmaster'sthesis,MasseyUniversity,PalmerstonNorth,New

Zealand.

TourismCounciloftheSouthPacific.(1991).CookIslandsVisitorSurvey

1991:SurveyReportNo.13.Suva:TourismCounciloftheSouthPacific.

Tuara,P.N.(1990).TowardssustainabletourismdevelopmentintheCook

Islands:LessonsinexperiencefromBarbados.Unpublishedmaster'sthesis,

DalhousieUniversity,Halifax,Canada.

Analysis：

Para.1Thisistheintroductoryparagraph,givingthebackgroundtothe

essayandspecifyingitsfocus.

ThisessaywillarguethatinthecaseoftheCookIslands,tourism's

economicandsocialbenefitsareunfortunatelyunrealisedidealsandthat

insteadithasputstressesandstrainsonboththecountry*seconomic

wellbeinganditssocialvalues.

Thisisthethesisstatementoftheessay.Itoutlinestheargumentofthe

essay.Italsoindicateslimitationoftheessaytoaparticulartopicarea.

Para.2Thisparagraphoutlinessomeoftheclaimedeconomicbenefits.

Turningfirsttotheallegedeconomicbenefitsoftourism,wecanseethatin

thecaseoftheCookIslands,thereisavarietyofsourcesofincomefrom

touristreceipts.

Thisisthetopicsentenceofthisparagraph.

Para.3:Thisandthefollowingparagraphcritiquethepointofviewexpressed

inthepreviousparagraphanddisclosethenegativeeffectsoftourismonthe

country'seconomic