全国建筑结构创意设计大赛作品集

大连理工大学第十二届构造设计阐明书

作品名称___________________龙门吊____________________

参赛队员

专业名称

目录

一、概念设计..................................................2

（一）方案构思..............................................2

（二）构造选型方案比较.......................................2

1.设计方案12

2.设计方案2.................................................................................................4

3.设计方案3.................................................................................................5

（三）最终方案详述.........................................6

1.整体构造设计............................................6

2.详细设计................................................7

3.设计图纸.................................................8

二、计算设计.................................................10

（-）静力分析............................................10

（二）基本假设............................................13

（三）荷载分析............................................13

（四）位移分析.............................................13

（五）承载能力的优化与极大值估算...........................15

三、构造设计.................................................16

四.小结18

一、概念设计

（一）方案构思

本次设计竞赛重要有三个方面的技术规定：

①模型制作材料

模型制作材料为组委会统一提供的230克巴西白卡纸、铅发丝线（鞋底

线）和白胶。不得使用组委会指定以外的其他任何材料，否则将直接取消其

参赛资格，并在赛会中通报。

②模型轮廓尺寸限定

模型正立面投影限制在如图1所示阴影范围内；侧立面投影限制在图2

所示阴影范围内。提交模型时，参赛学生应使用赛会的固定装置、模型验收

模具进行试安装，以确认模型符合尺寸规定，并获得参赛资格。

此外，为保证可以在模型上表面施加移动荷载，模型的上表面应具有足

够的硬度及平整度。

③模型柱脚锚固构造

为保证模型能可靠地锚固于加载试验装置台面，制作模型时:严格按照

赛会规定限位器的尺寸制作模型柱脚。

（二）构造选型方案比较

框架构造是指由梁和柱以刚接结或者较结相连接构成承重体系的构造，

即由梁和柱构成框架共同抵御使用过程中出现的荷载。本次构造设计大赛为

正是以框架构造的设计为背景，承受较大竖向荷载，基于这些原则，我们做

了如下的探索。

1.设计方案1:

由于构造在自由端受到竖直荷载的作用，可知在外围一侧构造受拉，内

侧受压。已知白卡纸的抗拉强度约为抗压强度的3倍，因此外侧用单层杆连

接，内侧用双层双杆进行连接。同步，为了防止受拉一侧出现较大变形，设

置了多种支撑杆保持其稳定。为了使桁架没有较大的偏心，在两侧又设置了

四条拉杆。

成果分析：使用构造力学求解器，分析可得，两根梁之间的承压杆件轴

力为皆为正负0.10左右，本方案设计的比较保守，使得任何一种杆件的承受

方式都远高于题目规定的荷载。

2.设计方案2：

结合方案一加载成果的分析，设计了方案二的构造：

删除或减小大部分杆件，减轻底座的自重，增强底座与固定台的连接。

图2方案2正视图

成果分析：使用构造力学求解器，分析可得，两根梁之间的承压杆件轴

力为皆为正负0.12左右，轴力的变化并不大，下梁中间弯矩基本上没有变化。

因此使用这种构造能很大减少中间支撑杆件的重量，而受力基本上不影响。

（三）最终方案详述

1.整体构造设计：

为运用材料（白卡纸、白乳胶等）的力学性能，结合已经有构造力学等

力学知识，结合现行高层建筑设计规范等资料；同步为了满足本次大赛的设

计规定，在老师的指导下，我团体队员不停探索，最终采用了目前的两根桁

架的构造模型。充足的运用了白卡纸的力学性能。

1）、主杆设计：

为了节省材料，加大构造加载最终荷重比，我们将各杆件进行严格的理

论分析，确定各杆件受力状况。将竖向二根重要受压柱子采用多层折叠，并

结合水平单向荷载的特点，将四根重要受压梁采用10mm*10mm双层矩形截

面截面；由于中间弯矩大，我们采用了六个10mm*10mm*2矩形截面双层双

梁叠加的形式。

2）、水平连接杆件设计：

由于水平杆件重要起构造连接作用，并不重要受力，其应力较小，为节

省材料，减轻构造自重，在工艺容许范围内，考虑到手工制作问题，于是我

们将水平连接杆件设“为l（）mm町0mm的正方形截面单层杆，在满足承载力

规定的前提下大大减少了构造自重。

图5水平连接杆效果图

3.设计图纸

二、计算设计

(-)静力分析

在对模型进行静荷载分析时，我们采用构造力学求解器软件分析。确定

该构造后我们建立了构造的空间模型，通过构造力学求解器软件建模又对构

造方案进行改善和优化。

1、计算模型

模型简化

使用构造力学求解器进行简化，将使用40Kg的荷载，由于接触长

度为5cm,囚此我们再将荷载以40Kg计算的时候，顶部承受4KN/m的均布荷

载，受力分析如下

000

弯矩图

轴力图

剪力图

位移图

标题:无标题

内力计算

杆端内力值（乘子=1）

杆端1杆端2

单元码轴力剪力弯矩轴力剪力弯矩

10.00000000-0.00009593-0.000000000.000000D0-0.00009593-0.00001591

20.023435930.00008339-0.000015910.023435930.00008339-0.00000262

30.02343593-0.00008370-0.000002620.02343593-0.00008370-0.00001596

40.046063690.00000853-0.000015960.046063590.00000853-0.00001460

50.046063690.00008794-0.000014600.046063590.000087940.00000000

6-0.11134302-0.000438630.00000000-0.11134332-0.00043863-0.00007273

7-0.111343020.00037：06-0.00007273-0.111343320.00037106-0.00001359

8-0.13442099-0.00038337-0.00001359-0.13442039-0.00038337-0.00007470

9-0.134420990.00007166-0.00007470-0.134420990.00007166-0.00006328

10-0.04769645-0.00459181-0.00000000-0.04769645-0.00459181-0.00060842

110.033278790.00450521-0.000608420.033278790.004505210.00065304

120.033278790.004505210.000653040.033278790.004505210.00078820

130.185986930.000362380.000788200.185986930.000362380.00089692

140.033046810.004933550.000896920.033046310.001933550.00060090

150.03304681-0.004933550.000600900.03304631-0.00493355-0.00063248

16-0.047569860.00477347-0.00063248-0.047569360.00477347-0.00000000

17-0.111343020.000438630.00000000-0.111343920.000438630.00007273

18-0.11134302-0.000371050.00007273-0.11134332-0.000371050.00001359

19-0.134421010.000383350.00001359-0.134421910.000383350.00007470

20-0.13442101-0.000071550.00007470-0.13442131-0.000071550.00006329

21-0.15867649-0.00038.280.00006329-0.15867649-0.00038128-0.00000000

220.000000000.00009594-0.000000000.000000900.000095940.00001591

230.02343593-0.000083390.000015910.02343593-0.000083390.00000262

240.023435930.000083700.000002620.023435930.000083700.00001596

250.04606359-0.000008540.000015960.04606359-0.000008540.00001460

260.04606359-0.000087930.000014600.04606359-0.00008793-0.00000000

27-0.158676490.00038119-0.00006328-0.158676490.000381190.00000000

280.016138030.000000000.000000000.016138)30.000000000.00000000

29-0.01514021-0.000000000.00000000-0.01514021-0.00000000-0.00000000

300.01428465-0.000000000.000000000.01428455-0.00000000-0.00000000

31-0.01572567-0.000000000.00000000-0.01572557-0.00000000-0.00000000

320.014519490.00000000-0.000000000.014519490.000000000.00000000

330.000095930.00000000-0.000000000.000095930.000000000.00000000

340.00080969-0.000000000.000000000.00080959-0.000000000.00000000

350.000167090.00000000-0.000000000.000167390.000000000.00000000

360.00045503-0.000000000.000000000.00045593-0.00000000-0.00000000

37-0.000079400.00000000-0.00000000-0.000079100.000000000.00000000

380.000095940.00000000-0.000000000.000095940.000000000.00000000

390.01451949-0.000000000.000000000.01451919-0.00000000-0.00000000

40-0.015725660.00000000-0.00000000-0.015725560.000000000.00000000

410.014284680.00000000-0.OOOOOOOO0.014284580.OOOOOOOO0.00000000

42-U.01bl4U0bU.UOUUOOUO-o.UOOUOOUU-0.Olbl-WJb0.UOUUOUUOu.uuoouoou

430.016138170.00000000-0.000000000.016138170.000000000.00000000

440.000809690.000000000.000000000.000809590.000000000.00000000

450.000167090.00000000-0.000000000.000167390.000000000.00000000

460.00045490-0.000000000.000000000.00045490-0.00000000-0.00000000

47-0.00007940-0.000000000.00000000-0.00007910-0.00000000-0.00000000

480.03771694-0.00021065-0.000000000.03771694-0.00021065-0.00003370

49-0.117595850.00085101-0.00003370-0.117595350.000851040.00009395

50-0.117595850.00085.040.00009395-0.117595350.000851040.00017906

51-0.117595850.000851040.00017906-0.11759535-0.09914896-0.00102839

52-0.117024690.09914766-0.00102839-0.11702459-0.000852340.00017899

53-0.11702469-0.000852340.00017899-0.11702439-0.000852340.00009376

54-0.11702469-0.000852340.00009376-0.11702459-0.00085234-0.00003409

550.037590260.00021308-0.000034090.037590260.00021308-0.00000000

560.065715780.00000000-0.000000000.065715780.000000000.00000000

57-0.053689950.00000000-0.00000000-0.053689950.000000000.00000000

58-0.124562860.00000000-0.00000000-0.124562360.000000000.00000000

590.15900.00000000-0.000000000.15900.300000000.00000000

60-0.12678332-0.000000000.00000000-0.12678332-0.00000000-0.00000000

61-0.125861570.00000000-0.00000000-0.125861570.000000000.00000000

620.12058329-0.000000000.000000000.12058329-0.00000000-0.00000000

63-0.125119660.00000000-0.00000000-0.125119560.000000000.00000000

64-0.05387403-0.000000000.00000000-0.05387493-0.000000000.00000000

650.06593724-0.000000000.000000000.06593724-0.00000000-0.00000000

标题:无标题

位移计算

杆端位移值（乘子=1）

杆端1杆端2

单元码U-水平位移丫-竖直位移8-转角u-水平位移v-竖直位移8-转角

1-0.00000075-0.00073.700.00819076-0.00120611-0.000731700.00542571

2-0.00120611-0.000731700.00542571-0.00176527-0.000588030.00233083

3-0.00176527-0.000588030.00233083-0.00194859-0.00044435-0.00077250

4-0.00194869-0.00044435-0.00077250-0.00141259-0.00016196-0.00587741

5-0.00141269-0.00016.96-0.00587741-0.000155950.00013214-0.00841739

60.000000000.000000000.00813653-0.00119979-0.000263760.00543352

7-0.00119979-0.000263760.00513352-0.00176337-0.000517280.00234983

8-U.0017639/-0.0U0bl7280.00234983-0.00194514-0.00082338-0.UU08U428

9-0.00194514-0.00082338-0.00080428-0.00141331-0.00112946-0.00573310

10-0.000155950.00013214-0.00749335-0.0009-0.00150575-0.02209752

11-0.0009-0.00150575-0.02209752-0.00013453-0.01036219-0.01983373

12-0.00013453-0.01036219-0.01983373-0.00012978-0.01091416-0.01687227

13-0.00012978-0.01091416-0.016872270.00013592-0.010893690.01775341

140.00013592-0.010893690.017753410.00014536-0.009631660.02390882

150.00014536-0.00963.660.023908820.00020B7-0.001505750.02247848

160.00020437-0.001505750.022478480.000159350.000131580.00729656

170.000000000.00000000-0.008140730.0019-0.00026376-0.00543773

180.0019-0.00026376-0.005437730.00176533-0.00051728-0.00235402

190.00176533-0.00051728-0.002354020.00194718-0.000823380.00080001

200.00194718-0.000823380.000800010.00141631-0.001129460.00572923

210.00141601-0.001129460.005729230.00020437-0.001505750.00808391

220.00000075-0.00073225-0.008194960.00120630-0.00073225-0.00542991

230.00120680-0.00073225-0.005429910.00176653-0.00058858-0.00233504

240.00176663-0.00058858-0.002335040.00195073-0.000444900.00076831

250.001950730.000MI900.000768310.00141539-0.000162520.00587321

260.00141539-0.000162520.005873210.000159350.000131580.00841315

27-0.00141331-0.00112946-0.00573310-0.0009-0.00150575-0.00808723

28-0.000155950.00013214-0.00833218-0.00141331-0.00112946-0.00833218

29-0.00141331-0.00112946-0.00409930-0.00194859-0.00044435-0.00109930

30-0.00194869-0.000444350.00046040-0.00176397-0.000517280.00046040

31-0.00176397-0.000517280.00273099-0.00120611-0.000731700.00273099

32-0.00120611-0.00073.700.006591120.000000300.000000000.00659112

330.000000000.000000000.00552225-0.00000075-0.000731700.00552225

34-0.00119979-0.000263760.00353161-0.00120611-0.000731700.00353161

35-0.00176397-0.000517280.00053391-0.00176527-0.000588030.00053391

36-0.00194514-0.00082338-0.00286063-0.00194859-0.00044435-0.00286063

37-0.00141331-0.00112946-0.00730187-0.00141259-0.00016196-0.00730187

380.000000000.00000000-0.005526450.00000075-0.00073225-0.00552645

390.000000000.00000000-0.006595320.00120630-0.00073225-0.00659532

400.00120680-0.00073225-0.002735190.00176533-0.00051728-0.00273519

410.00176533-0.00051728-0.000464600.00195073-0.00044490-0.00046460

420.00195073-0.000444900.004095110.00141631-0.001129460.00409511

430.000159350.000131580.008327960.00141631-0.001129460.00832796

440.0019-0.00026376-0.003535840.00120680-0.00073225-0.00353584

450.00176533-0.00051728-0.000538110.00176653-0.00058858-0.00053811

460.00194718-0.000823380.002856430.00195073-0.000441900.00285643

470.00141601-0.001129460.007297660.00141539-0.000162520.00729766

480.00337499-0.00179821-0.027181610.00423710-0.00640405-0.03199637

490.00423710-0.00640405-0.031996370.00171719-0.01102574-0.02392720

500.00171719-0.01102574-0.023927200.00003724-0.012326310.00044874

510.00003724-0.012326310.00044874-0.00000475-0.012121960.00003638

52-0.00000475-0.012121960.00003638-0.00001655-0.01232269-0.00037765

53-U.0000465b-U.01232269-0.0003776b-0.00171833-o.ouoibyy0.0239731b

54-0.00171833-0.011015980.02397516-0.00422630-0.006392310.03196624

55-0.00422600-0.006392310.03196624-0.00336630-0.001797210.02709595

56-0.00336680-0.001797210.017249290.000159350.000131580.01724929

57-0.00336680-0.001797210.018795620.00020437-0.001505750.01879562

580.00020437-0.001505750.02631476-0.00422630-0.006392310.02631476

59-0.00422600-0.006392310.025665050.00013592-0.010893690.02566505

600.00013592-0.010893690.00360016-0.00000475-0.012121960.00360016

61-0.00000475-0.01212.96-0.00349700-0.00012978-0.01091416-0.00349700

62-0.00012978-0.01091416-0.025703470.00423710-0.00640405-0.02570347

630.00423710-0.00640405-0.02636927-0.0009-0.00150575-0.02636927

64-0.0009-0.00150575-0.018821490.00337499-0.00179821-0.01882149

650.00337499-0.00179821-0.01727012-0.000155950.00013214-0.01727012

内力计算

杆端内力值（乘子=1）

——aB-»——————aao——aBan-1oaanas———MMaan«■_anasam--

杆端1杆端2

———

单元码轴力剪力弯矩轴力剪力弯矩

———

10.00000000-0.00009593-0.000000000.00000030-0.00009593-0.00001591

20.023435930.00008339-0.000015910.023435930.00008339-0.00000262

30.02343593-0.00008370-0.000002620.02343593-0.00008370-0.00001596

40.046063690.00000853-0.000015960.046063590.00000853-0.00001460

50.046063690.00008794-0.000014600.046063590.000087940.00000000

6-0.11134302-0.000438630.00000000-0.11134302-0.00043863-0.00007273

7-0.111343020.00037.06-0.00007273-0.111343320.00037106-0.00001359

8-0.13442099-0.00038337-0.00001359-0.13442099-0.00038337-0.00007470

9-0.134420990.00007166-0.00007470-0.134420990.00007166-0.00006328

10-0.04769645-0.00459.81-0.00000000-0.04769645-0.00459181-0.00060842

110.033278790.00450521-0.000608420.033278790.004505210.00065304

120.033278790.004505210.000653040.033278790.004505210.00078820

130.185986930.000362380.000788200.185986330.000362380.00089692

140.03304681-0.004933550.000896920.03304631-0.004933550.00060090

150.03304681-0.004933550.000600900.03304631-0.00493355-0.00063248

16-0.047569860.00477347-0.00063248-0.047569360.00477347-0.00000000

17-0.111343020.000438630.00000000-0.111343320.000438630.00007273

18-0.11134302-0.000371050.00007273-0.11134302-0.000371050.00001359

19-0.134421010.000383350.00001359-0.134421310.000383350.00007470

20-0.13442101-0.00007.550.00007470-0.13442131-0.000071550.00006329

21-0.15867649-0.000381280.00006329-0.15867619-0.00038128-0.00000000

22U.OUUOUUUU0.00009594-o.uoououuoU.OOUOUUJUo.oouuybyi0.UU001b91

230.02343593-0.000083390.000015910.02343593-0.000083390.00000262

240.023435930.000083700.000002620.023435930.000083700.00001596

250.04606359-0.000008540.000015960.04606359-0.000008540.00001460

260.04606359-0.000087930.000014600.04606359-0.00008793-0.00000000

27-0.158676490.00038119-0.00006328-0.158676490.000381190.00000000

280.016138030.000000000.000000000.016138330.000000000.00000000

29-0.01514021-0.000000000.00000000-0.01514021-0.00000000-0.00000000

300.01428465-0.000000000.000000000.01428455-0.00000000-0.00000000

31-0.01572567-0.000000000.00000000-0.01572557-0.00000000-0.00000000

320.014519490.00000000-0.000000000.014519190.000000000.00000000

330.000095930.00000000-0.000000000.000095930.000000000.00000000

340.00080969-0.000000000.000000000.00080959-0.000000000.00000000

350.000167090.00000000-0.000000000.000167390.000000000.00000000

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