2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练-2025届高三英语高考模拟风向标卷02新高考I卷（解析版）

2025届高三英语高考模拟风向标卷02（新高考I卷)（时间：120分钟；满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Alecture. B．Somecountries. C．Traditionalcustoms【答案】A【原文】W:Dr.Reedreallypackedalotofinformationin.I'vetakensomanynotes!M:Yeah,itwasareallyinterestingtopic,especiallythepartabouttraditionalcustomsindifferentcountries.2．Whenistheprojectsupposedtobefinished?A．At12o’clock. B．At11o’clock. C．At10o’clock.【答案】A【原文】W:It’salready10o’clocknow.Let’ssendoutforsomethingtoeat.M:Buttheprojectisdueintwohours.W:Ican’tbelievewe’veworkedfor11hoursstraight.3．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Dosomeexercise. B．Finishhiswork. C．Gotosleep.【答案】A【原文】M:There’snowayIcangoswimmingthisevening.Ibroughtpilesofworkhomefromtheoffice.W:Youshouldreallystrikeabalancebetweenworkandlife.Nowonderyoualwaysfeelexhaustedandsleepy.4．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inagym. B．Atschool. C．Athome.【答案】C【原文】W:James,you’vebeenwatchingthatdocumentaryinyourroomagainandagain.You’dbettergotothegymforsomeexercise.M:Ok,mum.It’sascienceprogrammeontheoriginofhumanbeings.I’llgiveapresentationonitinmyclasstomorrow.5．Howdoesthewomansuggestthemankeepwarm?A．Byturningontheheat. B．Bysittinginthesun. C．Bywearingthickclothes.【答案】B【原文】M:IstillfeelcoldeventhoughI’mwearingthickclothes.W:Ifeelokay.M:Let’sturnontheheat!W:Thesunisparticularlystrongnow.Youcangetwarmaftersittingoutsideforawhile.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6．WhydoesthemantalktoSarah?A．Toaskforinformation. B．Toextendaninvitation. C．Tomakeanappointment.7．WhenisthemanscheduledtomeettheHRdepartment?A．Thisafternoon. B．Tomorrowmorning. C．NextMondayafternoon.【答案】6．A7．C【原文】M:Sarah,canyoufillmeinonwhatImissedlastweekwhileIwasonvacation?W:Wehadameetingwherewediscussedthenewfilingsystem.Sincethereweresomanycomplaintsaboutit,theydecidedtoredesignthewholething.M:Willwebehavingaworkshoponit?W:Yes,it’sscheduledfornextMondayafternoon.M:IhaveameetingwiththeHRdepartmentatthattime.IwillseeifIcanpostponeit.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthecatalogue?A．Itisuseless. B．Itisdetailed. C．Itissimple.9．Whatisthemansatisfiedwithabouttheexhibition?A．Itsuseofnaturallight. B．Itssupplyofenergydrinks. C．Itsgiftoffreecatalogues.10．Whatsurprisedthemanalot?A．Theartworksweredisappointing. B．Fewvisitorscametotheexhibition. C．Theweatherwaspleasant.【答案】8．A9．A10．B【原文】W:HiMark,howdidyouliketheexhibition?M:Itwasallright,actually.I’vegotthecataloguehere.Wouldyouliketohavealook?W:Idon’tusuallybotherwiththem,personally.They’vealwaysfeltlikeawasteofmoney.M:Iknowwhatyoumean,butsomebodylentmethisone.Ithassomereallynicepicturesoftheartworksanddescriptions.W:What’sthegallerylike?M:Reallycool,usingnaturallighttoshowoffthepaintings—savesenergytoo.Thewaythelightfallsonthecanvasesmakesthecolorsseemevenmorelively.W:Iexpectitwascrowded.M:Well,I’dexpectedtheretobemassesofpeople.Infact,Inearlyhadtheplacetomyself.Itwassuchapleasantsurprise.W:Well,itsoundslikeyouhadagreatexperience.M:Definitely.Maybeyoushouldgiveitatrynexttime.W:Maybe.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Neighbors. B．Co-workers. C．Schoolmates.12．FromwhichplacedidChristinamove?A．Nebraska. B．Washington. C．Texas.13．WhatisBryce’srealinterest?A．Drawing. B．Teaching. C．Makingfurniture.【答案】11．A12．A13．C【原文】W:Hello.MynameisChristina.I’mjuststoppingbytobringyousomecookiesandintroducemyself.M:Hi,Christina.I’mBryce.It’sverynicetomeetyou.Pleasecomein.W:Sure.M:Thankyouforthecookies.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?W:Waterisfine.Thankyou.M:Hereyougo.Takeaseat.So,wherewereyoulivingbefore?W:MyhusbandandIwerelivinginNebraska,buthegotajobouthere,sothat’swhywemoved.IloveWashingtonsomuchnow.M:I’vebeeninWashingtonfortenyears.IwasborninTexasandcamehereforcollege.I’vestayedeversince.W:Whatdoyoudoforwork?M:I’mateacher.It’sagoodjobbutmyrealpassioninlifeismakingfurniture.W:That’sinteresting.Idoalotofpaintinginmysparetime,althoughI’mabankerduringtheday.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14．WhatkindofvolunteerworkisJasoninterestedin?A．Sportsevents. B．Socialmedia. C．Dogrescue.15．WhyisJasonunabletovolunteerfortheorganizationatthemoment?A．Forhislackofexperience. B．Forhisyoungage. C．Forhisbusyschoolwork.16．Whatisthewoman?A．Amarketingmanager. B．Abusinessman. C．Avolunteer.【答案】14．C15．B16．C【原文】W:Jason,didn'tyousayyouwanttofindsomevolunteerworkthissummer?M:Yes.Ilovevolunteerworkthatinvolvesdogrescuing.W:ThenwhynotvolunteerforDFWPugRescue?It'slookingforvolunteersaged20andovertorescueandcarefordogs.M:ButI'mnot20yearsoldyet.W:You'llturn20thisJuly,won'tyou?Thenyoucanvolunteerforit.M:You'reright.Sowhatdovolunteersneedtodo?W:Theyneedvolunteersinvariousareas,suchassportsevents,transportation,socialmedia,newsletters,andmarketing.M:Soareyouavolunteerfortheorganization?W:Yes.Ihelpitwithmarketing.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17．Whoprobablyarethelisteners?A．Companyemployees. B．Highschoolstudents. C．Universityseniors.18．Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutinterviewing?A．Itrequiresalittletalent. B．Itneedssomepractice. C．Itcanimproveskills.19．Whatisthespeaker’sfirstsuggestion?A．Beingconfident.B．Contactingpotentialemployers.C．Writingasolidrésumé.20．Whatdoesthespeakeraskthelistenerstotake?A．Alistofpossiblequestions.B．Anotebookwithinterviewskills.C．Anoverviewoftheirbackground.【答案】17．C18．B19．A20．C【原文】

W:I’mreallygladtoseesomanypeoplesignedupforthisworkshop.Withgraduationcomingupsoon,Iknowthatmanyofyouarepreparingtoentertheworkforceforthefirsttime.Jobinterviewscanbeanenormouslystressfulexperience,butlikemostthings,interviewingisaskill,notatalent,andalittlepracticegoesalongway.

Iknowmanyofyoufeelnervousjustatthethoughtofbeinginterviewed,butyouneedtorememberthatyou’vebeeninvitedforaninterviewbecauseyourpotentialemployersthinkyou’dbesuitableforthejob.So,havealittleconfidenceinyourself.Thebestthingyoucandoisbepreparedandprofessional,whichwillhelpyoumakeastrongfirstimpression.

Beforeaninterview,youshouldalwaysreviewyourrésuméandapplication,whichiswhyIaskedyoualltobringanoutlineofyourachievements,academicorotherwise,uptonow.You’llbeneedingthatlater.Onceyourrésuméissolid,thenyoucanstartpreparingforpossibleinterviewquestions.I’mgoingtohandoutalistofthosequestionsnow.Youneedtothinkabouthowyou’danswereachofthem.Don’tbothermakingnotes—youcan’tbringnotestoaninterview.OK,that’sall,doesanyonehaveanyquestionsforme?第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAtYnezLibrary,wearechampionsofcuriosity.Atitscore,ourmissionfornearlyfourcenturieshasbeentoadvancethelearning,research,andpursuitoftruth.Oureffortsaremotivatedandpoweredbyworkingcollaboratively,embracingdiverseperspectives,championingaccess,aimingfortheextraordinary,andalwaysleadingwithcuriosity.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforvisitorstoexperienceourcollections.YnezIDholdersmaybringuptofourguestsintothelibrary.Formoredetails,clickonthefollowingicons(图标).SPECIALCOLLECTIONSManyofourlibrariesarehometorareanduniquematerials,whichareavailabletoallresearchers.◎Ourspecialcollectionsareopentoallwithoutafee,byappointment.◎Pleasecontacttheholdinglibrarytolearnmoreaboutaccessingtheirspecialcollectionitemsinperson.◎Differentlibrarieshavedifferentholdings,soyoumaywanttostartbyusingoursearchtoolstofindmaterialsrelevanttoyourresearch.21．WhatdoesYnezLibraryhighlightinthefirstparagraph?A．Itsbestachievements. B．Itsnewchanges.C．Itsmainvalues. D．Itsworkingprinciples.22．Whichpartshouldapersonclickonifheplanstoattendascientist’sspeech?A．Visitors. B．Exhibits. C．Tours. D．Events.23．Howcanaresearcherfindthespecialholdingsquicklyinthelibrary?A．Byappointingalibrarian. B．Bylocatingthemonline.C．Byvisitingmainlibraries. D．Bypayingaspecialfee.【答案】21．C22．D23．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Ynez图书馆的使命、访问政策及特别馆藏服务。21．细节理解题。根据第一段“AtYnezLibrary,wearechampionsofcuriosity.Atitscore,ourmissionfornearlyfourcenturieshasbeentoadvancethelearning,research,andpursuitoftruth.Oureffortsaremotivatedandpoweredbyworkingcollaboratively,embracingdiverseperspectives,championingaccess,aimingfortheextraordinary,andalwaysleadingwithcuriosity.(在Ynez图书馆，我们是好奇心的捍卫者。近四个世纪以来，我们的核心使命一直是推进学习、研究和真理的追求。我们的努力通过协作工作、拥抱多元视角、倡导获取、追求非凡成就以及始终以好奇心为先导而得到动力和支持)”可知，在第一段中强调的是Ynez图书馆的核心价值观。故选C项。22．细节理解题。根据表格中Events部分中“Manylibraryeventsareopentothepublic,includingacademicmeetings,forums,lectures,etc.CheckAdmittanceinformationfirst.(图书馆的许多活动都对公众开放，包括学术会议、论坛、讲座等。先查一下准入信息)”可知，如果一个人打算参加一位科学家的讲座，他应该点击Events部分。故选D项。23．细节理解题。根据SPECIALCOLLECTIONS部分中第三个圆圈内容“Differentlibrarieshavedifferentholdings,soyoumaywanttostartbyusingoursearchtoolstofindmaterialsrelevanttoyourresearch.(不同的图书馆有不同的馆藏，所以你可以先使用我们的搜索工具来查找与你的研究相关的资料)”可知，研究人员可以通过在线搜索快速找到特殊收藏。故选B项。BTheten-carsubwaytrainwasadornedattheendofJuneinatunnelinQueens.Theartistsappearedtousepaintrollerstocoveritalongoneside,fromtoptobottom,inanawfulshadeofpinkwithabrownline.Tagging(涂鸦)atrainisoftenlessabouttheartandmoreabouttheprizeofmarkingsomethingthatinvolvesriskandechoestheoriginalgraffitiwriters,whoblanketedsubwaytrains,includingthewindowsandseatsinside,inthe1970sand1980s.“ModerngraffitibeganinPhiladelphiainthe1960s.ButitbecameanartforminNewYorkCity,”saysEricFelisbret,authorof

“GraffitiNewYork”.“Graffitibenefited

fromthepopularityofhip-hopglobally,”saysMrFelisbret.“Outofalltheelementsof

hip-hop,graffitiisbyfarthemostrebellious...Backthen,allgraffitiwasillegal.”In2020theMetropolitanTransportationAuthority(MTA),whichrunsthesubway,spent$1.2moncleaning.BytheendofMay2022ithadalreadyspent$1.1m.Inallof2021,681subwaycarswere“ruined”.Thisyearmorethan700carshavebeen.Morethanoneintensubwaycarshadtobetakenoutofserviceforcleaning.Therecentspikeinsubwaygraffitiactivityparallelstheliftingoftravelrestrictions.

Thegraffitiontrainsusuallygetscleanedorhiddenquickly,soartistspostimagesoftheir

workonsocialmedia.SharifProfit,whoorganisestheannualGraffitiHallofFamein

Harlem,sayshecanalwaystellwhentheworkisbysomeonefromanothercountry:“It

isnotonthesamelevel.”Taggingonthesubwayisdangerous.Thelivethirdrailislethal(致命的)and

he

tunnelsaredark.Trainscanappearwithlittlewarning,sotrespassers(不法进入者)mayhavenowayofavoidingthem.TwoFrenchgraffitiartistswerekilledbyatraininBrooklyninApril.“AssoonasIheardwherethebodieswerefound,Iknewtheyweretaggers,”saysMrFelisbret.TheMTAremovesanytaggedtrainsoastoavoidencouragingotherpeople.Passengersthenhavetowaitlonger.Thatwasthecaserecently,saysRichardDavey,headoftheMTA’sNewYorkCityTransitsystem,wheneighttrainswereruined.Theresultingdelaysaffectedthousandsofcommuters.“It’sourgoaltomakesurewedon’treturnto

the1970s,”hesays,“whetherit’sinourstationsoronourcars.”Graffitionthesubwaybegantodieoutinthelate1980s.Oneformergraffitiwritersaiditisalmostshockingtoseetaggingtherenow.24．Whydograffitiartiststagasubwaytrain?A．Fortheprizeofartcompetition.B．Toimitatetheearlygraffiticreators.C．Toexpresstheirdissatisfactionwithsociety.D．Inpursuitofartisticbeauty.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spike”meaninParagraph5?A．pause B．drop C．participation D．increase26．WhyisMrFelisbretcitedinParagraph6?A．Todemonstratetheriskoftaggingunderground.B．Toemphasizethedevotionoftaggingartists.C．TogiveanintroductionofNewYorktunnels.D．Toshowhissorryforthelossoftaggingartists.27．Whatdowelearnabouttaggingfromthetext?A．Ithelpspeoplebetterunderstandtheworld.B．Moderngraffitiwasatitspeakinthe1970s.C．Ithasbroughtinconveniencetocommuters.D．Itisembracedbyamajorityofartistsnow.【答案】24．B25．D26．A27．C【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，报道了近年来地铁涂鸦艺术在纽约的复兴及带来的影响。24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Tagging(涂鸦)atrainisoftenlessabouttheartandmoreabouttheprizeofmarkingsomethingthatinvolvesriskandechoestheoriginalgraffitiwriters,whoblanketedsubwaytrains,includingthewindowsandseatsinside,inthe1970sand1980s.(在火车上做涂鸦，往往与艺术无关，更多的是为了给一些带有风险的东西做标记，这与最初的涂鸦作家的做法相呼应。上世纪七八十年代，涂鸦作家在地铁列车上涂满了涂鸦，包括车窗和座位。)”可知，艺术家在火车上涂鸦是为了模仿早期的涂鸦创作者。故选B。25．词句猜测题。根据划线词上一段“In2020theMetropolitanTransportationAuthority(MTA),whichrunsthesubway,spent$1.2moncleaning.BytheendofMay2022ithadalreadyspent$1.1m.Inallof2021,681subwaycarswere“ruined”.Thisyearmorethan700carshavebeen.Morethanoneintensubwaycarshadtobetakenoutofserviceforcleaning.(2020年，管理地铁的大都会交通管理局（MTA）在清洁上花费了120万美元。到2022年5月底，它已经花费了110万美元。2021年全年，有681辆地铁车厢被“毁”。今年已经有700多节车厢。超过十分之一的地铁车厢因清洁而停运)”及划线词下文“parallelstheliftingoftravelrestrictions.(同时取消旅行限制)”可知，从上文的清洁量及涂鸦导致的停运后果来看，最近地铁涂鸦数量不断激增，划线词spike与increase意思相近。故选D。26．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Taggingonthesubwayisdangerous.(在地铁上涂鸦很危险)”及引用MrFelisbret的话“AssoonasIheardwherethebodieswerefound,Iknewtheyweretaggers(我一听说尸体是在哪里被发现的，就知道他们是涂鸦者)”可知，引用MrFelisbret的话是为了进一步证明在地铁涂鸦的危险性。故选A。27．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Passengersthenhavetowaitlonger.Thatwasthecaserecently,saysRichardDavey,head

oftheMTA’sNewYorkCityTransitsystem,wheneighttrainswereruined.Theresulting

delaysaffectedthousandsofcommuters.(然后乘客不得不等待更长的时间。MTA纽约市运输系统负责人理查德•戴维说，最近的情况就是这样，当时有八列列车被毁。由此造成的延误影响了数千名通勤者)”可知，被涂鸦的地铁被MTA禁用，导致地铁总数减少，给乘坐者带来了不便。故选C。CInthelasttwoyears,tennishastakenoverourclosets,ourscreensandnow—ourlivingrooms,furniturefromthrowntennisballs.AtleastthatisthehopeofBelgianeco-designerMathildeWittock,whofashionsfurniturefromthrowntennisballs.Wittock’schaselongues(躺椅)areentirelycushionless—saveforthefillingof500preciselyarrangedtennisballs.Herone-meter-longbenchesaresimilarlyfewandfarbetween,withsome270ballsbeingbothstylishandstructurallysubstantial.Around300milliontennisballsareproducedeachyear—andalmostallofthemendupinlandfills,takingover400yearstodecompose(分解).Wittockestimatesthelifecycleofaballstandsatjustninegames,dependingontheleveloftennisbeingplayed.IttakesWittockaroundthreetofourweekstobuildachair.Everyballiscutanddyedbyhand,withcolorspickedoutespeciallytofittheclient’sspace.Itwasthroughmuchtrialanderrorthatshewasabletousetheshapeoftheballwhilemaskingsomeofitsall-too-easily-recognizedfeatures.“Ineededtofindanassemblythatchangedtheiconicappearanceofthetennisballs,”shesaid.“It’syellowandhasthesewhitelines.HowdoIdealwiththem?”Wittockstartedtoseethedesign’spossibilitiesofthesportingequipmentwhenshewasstudyingatCentralSaintMartins,anartschoolinLondon.Today,shereceivesallhermaterialsviadonationsfromtennisclubs.Collectionsbegansmall—sometimeswithjust10tossedballsatatime—butquicklygrew.Now,WittockworkswiththeFederationofWalloniainBrussels,whohaveofferedhertheirentirestock—around100,000.Howlongwillitlast?“It’senoughforafewmonths,”shesaid.“Ifthingsgetwild,maybeitwilllastninemonths.BecauseIhavearhythmofcuttingtennisballs.Icangetthrough1,800perweek.”28．Whyarethenumberslistedinparagraph2?A．Tohighlightawaste. B．Topromoteaproduct.C．Tostatethematerialoffurniture. D．Toshowtennis’popularity.29．Whatfunctiondoesparagraph3actas?A．Abackground. B．Anexample. C．Adefinition. D．Aproof.30．WhatdoesWittockhavetodotohandlethethrowntennisballs?A．Shecleansthemcleverly. B．Sheasksherfriendsforhelp.C．Sheusestheircharacteristics. D．Sheadjuststheircolorsaccordingly.31．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Wittock’sworkplans. B．Wittock’sstuffsources.C．Wittock’sprideinprofits. D．Wittock’seducationexperience.【答案】28．C29．A30．D31．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是比利时生态设计师玛蒂尔德·维托克用仍掉的网球制作家具的事。28．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Wittock’schaiselongues(躺椅)areentirelycushionless—saveforthefillingof500preciselyarrangedtennisballs.Herone-meter-longbenchesaresimilarlyfewandfarbetween,withsome270ballsbeingbothstylishandstructurallysubstantial.(维托克的长躺椅完全没有垫子——除了装上500个精确排列的网球。她的1米长的板凳同样是罕见的，大约有270个球制成，既时尚又坚固。)”可知，第二段中的数字表明的是维托克制作家具用到的材料数量。故选C项。29．推理判断题。根据第三段的内容“Around300milliontennisballsareproducedeachyear—andalmostallofthemendupinlandfills,takingover400yearstodecompose(分解).Wittockestimatesthelifecycleofaballstandsatjustninegames,dependingontheleveloftennisbeingplayed.(每年大约生产3亿个网球，几乎所有的网球最终都被送到了垃圾填埋场，需要400多年才能分解。维托克估计，一个球的生命周期仅为九场比赛，这取决于网球的水平。)”可知，维托克认为每年有大量的网球被当作垃圾扔掉了，所以，他想到了用网球制作家具，所以第三段是维托克想到用网球制作家具的背景。故选A项。30．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“IttakesWittockaroundthreetofourweekstobuildachair.Everyballiscutanddyedbyhand,withcolorspickedoutespeciallytofittheclient’sspace.(维托克制作一把椅子大约需要三到四周的时间。每个球都是手工裁剪和染色的，颜色特别适合客户的空间。)”可知，维托克要根据客户的空间给网球染色。故选D项。31．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的句子“Today,shereceivesallhermaterialsviadonationsfromtennisclubs.Collectionsbegansmall—sometimeswithjust10tossedballsatatime—butquicklygrew.Now,WittockworkswiththeFederationofWalloniainBrussels,whohaveofferedhertheirentirestock—around100,000.(如今，她所有的材料都是通过网球俱乐部的捐赠获得的。起初收集的球很少——有时一次只有10个——但很快就增加了。现在，维托克在布鲁塞尔的瓦隆尼亚联盟工作，他们给了她全部的存货——大约10万。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是维托克的材料来源。故选B项。DEnvironmentalDNA(eDNA)hasbecomeacrucialtoolinecologicalresearchoverrecentyears.Byanalyzingwater,soil,orotherenvironmentalmaterialsforDNApieces,researcherscantellthatthousandsofdifferentspecieshavebeeninanareawithouthavingtoobservetheactualspeciespassingthrough.Todate,thiseDNAprocesshasmostlybeenemployedtodetectmarine(海洋的)creatures,insects,andotherwildlife.However,accordingtoapaperpublishedinNatureEcology&Evolution,thistechniquecouldjustaseasilybeappliedtospothumans.AninternationalteamofresearchersbasedattheUniversityofFlorida,USA,demonstratedthathumangenomic(基因组的)informationcanbeeasilydetectedineDNAsamplescollectedfromwater,sand,andeventheair.Whilethiscapabilitycouldhavepracticalapplications,suchasaidinginthesearchformissingpersonsormonitoringpublichealth,theresearchershighlightsignificantmoralconcerns.TheseconcernsincludethelackofagreementfromindividualsfortheirDNAtobecollected,potentialbreaches(侵犯)ofprivacy,andtheriskofgeneticinformationbeingusedforcommercialpurposes.ThisissueisparticularlychallengingforthefieldofeDNA,whichreliesonopenandeasilyaccessibledata.“Itisstandardpracticeinsciencetomakethesedatapubliclyavailable.However,thisalsomeansthatifhumaninformationisnotscreenedout,anyonecouldaccessthisinformation,”saysseniorauthorProfessorDavidDuffy,awildlifediseasegenomicsresearcherattheUniversityofFlorida.“Thisraisesissuesaroundpermission.Doweneedtoaskpermissiontocollectthesesamples?Shouldwebringinsomecontrolstoremovehumangeneticdata?”“Wheneverwemakeatechnologicaladvancement,therearebothbeneficialandconcerningpotentialuses.Thissituationisnodifferent,”Duffyexplains.“Weareraisingtheseissuesearlysothatpolicymakersandsocietyhaveadequatetimetodevelopsuitableguidelines.”32．WhatistheprimaryuseofeDNAinecologicalresearch?A．Identifyingspeciespresentinanarea. B．Monitoringspeciesevolutionprocesses.C．Improvinglivingconditionsforwildlife. D．Samplinginsectsdirectlyintheirhabitats.33．WhyistheaccessibilityofeDNAdataapotentialproblem?A．ItignorespracticalapplicationsofeDNAdata.B．Itmayleadtouncheckedgeneticengineering.C．Itcouldresultinmisuseofhumangeneticdata.D．Itraisesconcernsaboutwildlifediseaseresearch.34．WhatdoesDuffysuggestpeopleconcerneddo?A．Todeveloppotentialapplications. B．Tosamplegeneticinformation.C．Tohighlightadvancedtechnology. D．Toestablishappropriateregulations.35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．eDNA:

ANewFrontierinEcologicalMonitoringB．eDNA:HumanDetectionMeetsPrivacyChallengesC．eDNA:ABreakthroughinMarineResearchTechniquesD．eDNA:TransformingOurComprehensionofBiodiversity【答案】32．A33．C34．D35．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了环境DNA(eDNA)在生态研究中的应用，特别是其在检测人类方面的潜力，同时提出了相关的道德和隐私问题。32．细节理解题。根据第一段“EnvironmentalDNA(eDNA)hasbecomeacrucialtoolinecologicalresearchoverrecentyears.Byanalyzingwater,soil,orotherenvironmentalmaterialsforDNApieces,researcherscantellthatthousandsofdifferentspecieshavebeeninanareawithouthavingtoobservetheactualspeciespassingthrough.(近年来，环境DNA(eDNA)已成为生态学研究的重要工具。通过分析水、土壤或其他环境材料的DNA片段，研究人员无需观察实际经过的物种，就能判断出某个地区曾经有数千种不同的物种)”可知，eDNA在生态研究中的主要用途是识别某一地区存在的物种。故选A项。33．推理判断题。根据第三段中“TheseconcernsincludethelackofagreementfromindividualsfortheirDNAtobecollected,potentialbreaches(侵犯)ofprivacy,andtheriskofgeneticinformationbeingusedforcommercialpurposes.(这些担忧包括没有得到个人对其DNA收集的同意，隐私可能遭到侵犯，以及遗传信息被用于商业目的的风险)”和第四段中“However,thisalsomeansthatifhumaninformationisnotscreenedout,anyonecouldaccessthisinformation,(然而，这也意味着，如果人类信息没有被筛选出来，任何人都可以访问这些信息)”以及“Thisraisesissuesaroundpermission.Doweneedtoaskpermissiontocollectthesesamples?Shouldwebringinsomecontrolstoremovehumangeneticdata?(这引发了关于许可的问题。我们是否需要征得许可才能收集这些样本?我们是否应该引入一些控制措施来删除人类遗传数据?)”可知，eDNA数据的可访问性是一个潜在问题，因为它可能导致人类遗传数据的滥用。故选C项。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Duffy的话“Weareraisingtheseissuesearlysothatpolicymakersandsocietyhaveadequatetimetodevelopsuitableguidelines.(我们提前提出这些问题，以便政策制定者和社会有足够的时间来制定合适的指南)”可知，Duffy建议相关人士制定适当的法规。故选D项。35．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“However,accordingtoapaperpublishedinNatureEcology&Evolution,thistechniquecouldjustaseasilybeappliedtospothumans.(然而，根据发表在《自然·生态与进化》杂志上的一篇论文，这项技术同样可以很容易地应用于检测人类)”和第三段中“TheseconcernsincludethelackofagreementfromindividualsfortheirDNAtobecollected,potentialbreaches(侵犯)ofprivacy,andtheriskofgeneticinformationbeingusedforcommercialpurposes.(这些担忧包括没有得到个人对其DNA收集的同意，隐私可能遭到侵犯，以及遗传信息被用于商业目的的风险)”可知，文章主要介绍了eDNA在检测人类方面的应用及其引发的隐私和道德问题，故B项“eDNA:HumanDetectionMeetsPrivacyChallenges(eDNA：人类检测遭遇隐私挑战)”最能概括文章内容，适合做文章标题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Britishlibrariesareincrisis—again.TheUKhaslostonein20since2016,with180closedinthattime,aBBCinvestigationhasrevealed.Themostdisadvantagedareasarearoundfourtimesmorelikelytolosealibrarythantherichest.36Astheeducationalachievementgapbetweenchildrenfromtherichestandpoorestbackgroundshasgrownpost-COVID,therolethatlibrariescanplayinimprovingtheabilitytoreadandstimulatingaloveofreadingcouldn’tbemorevital.37TheChildren’sLaureate(荣誉获得者),FrankCottrellBoyce,stressedtheirimportancefor“humancontact”.HismotherusedthelibraryasanescapefromtheirlimitedLiverpoolhome.Forothers,itisashelterfrombullying,asonereadertoldtheGuardian.38Theactivitiesofferdesperatelyneededcompanytoisolatedparents,aswellasinspirationsforchildren.What’smore,ifyoudon’thaveaccesstotheInternetoraprinter,ifyoustrugglewithEnglishorcan’tkeepwarminwinter,librariesarenotsimplysomewheretoborrowbooks.39Aboveall,homelessness,loneliness,mentalhealth,childcarecosts,illiteracyandhealtheducationarealsosomeofthechallengesthatlibrarieshelptodealwithasotherbasicpublicserviceshavedisappeared.Despiteallthesebenefits,fundingforlibrariesisneverapriority,defeatedbythemoreurgentdemandsofhealthcareandschools.40Campaignersaretryingtoputemphasisonthatmessagebeforeitistoolate.Onethinglibrariesdon’tneedismorewords.Theyneedon-goingandconsiderablefunding.A．Whatcanyoudotohelptoreopenthelibraries?B．Butconcernsabouttheirlong-termfutureremain.C．Butitisnotjustbooksthatmakethemmagicalplaces.D．Meanwhile,fundingforlibrarieshashalvedsince2010.E．Youcanevenspendawholedaytherewithoutbuyingacupoftea.F．However,properlyresourced,theycanhelprelievethepressuresonboth.G．Whereelsecanyoufindcraftworkshops,Lego,andauthorevents,allforfree?【答案】36．D37．C38．G39．E40．F【导语】本文为说明文。文章指出了英国图书馆陷入了困境，接连倒闭了许多家，并且政府投入到图书馆的经费也削减了近一半。文章通过强调图书馆的各种有意义的功能和不可或缺的作用，向公众呼吁用更多的资金来支持图书馆。36．根据前文“Britishlibrariesareincrisis—again.TheUKhaslostonein20since2016,with180closedinthattime,aBBCinvestigationhasrevealed.Themostdisadvantagedareasarearoundfourtimesmorelikelytolosealibrarythantherichest.(英国图书馆再次陷入危机。BBC的一项调查显示，自2016年以来，英国每20家就有一家倒闭，其中180家倒闭。最贫困地区失去图书馆的可能性是最富裕地区的四倍。)”可知，空前讲述的是图书馆陷入困境的现状，因此D选项“Meanwhile,fundingforlibrarieshashalvedsince2010.(与此同时，自2010年以来，图书馆的资金减少了一半。)”可知，承接上文内容，继续说明陷入的困境，符合语境，并且与最后一段的最后一句“Theyneedon-goingandconsiderablefunding(他们需要持续和大量的资金。)”呼吁公众来资助图书馆相呼应。故选D项。37．根据前文“Astheeducationalachievementgapbetweenchildrenfromtherichestandpoorestbackgroundshasgrownpost-COVID,therolethatlibrariescanplayinimprovingtheabilitytoreadandstimulatingaloveofreadingcouldn’tbemorevital.(新冠肺炎疫情后，随着最富裕和最贫困背景的儿童之间的教育成就差距