强化练（六） 词义猜测之熟词生义题

强化练（六）词义猜测之熟词生义题

I.阅读理解

A

（2025•浙江四校联考）

Earlierstudiessuggestedthatfatiguefromvirtualmeetingsstemsfrommental

overload,butnewresearchfromAaltoUniversityshowsthatsleepinessduringvirtual

meetingsmightactuallybearesultofmentalunderloadandboredom.

uIexpectedtofindthatpeoplegetstressedinremotemeetings.Buttheresultwas

theopposite-especiallythosewhowerenotengagedintheirworkquicklybecame

drowsyduringremotemeetings,“saysAssistantProfessorNiinaNurmi,wholedthe

study.

Theresearchersmeasuredheartratevariabilityduringvirtualmeetingsandface—

to-facemeetings,examiningdifferenttypesoffatigueexperiencesamong44

knowledgeworkersacrossnearly400meetings.TheteamatAaltocollaboratedwith

researchersattheFinnishInstituteofOccupationalHealth,wherestressandrecovery

arestudiedbyusingheartratemonitors."Weshadowedeachsubjectfortwo

workdays,recordingalleventswithtimestamps,tofindoutthesourcesofhuman

physiologicalresponses,“Nurmisays.

Thestudyalsoincludedaquestionnairetoidentifypeople'sgeneralattitudeand

workengagement."Theformatofameetinghadlittleeffectonpeoplewhowere

highlyengagedandenthusiasticabouttheirwork.Theywereabletostayactiveeven

duringvirtualmeetings.Ontheotherhand»workerswhoseworkengagementwaslow

andwhowerenotveryenthusiasticabouttheirworkfoundvirtualmeetingsvery

tiring.n

It'seasiertomaintainfbcusinface-to-facemeetingsthaninvirtualones,as

thelatterhavelimitedcognitivecuesandsensoryinput.uEspeciallywhencamerasare

off,theparticipantisleftunder-stimulatedandmaystarttocompensateby

multitasking,“Nurmiexplains.Althoughanappropriatelevelofstimulationis

generallybeneficialforthebrain,multitaskingduringvirtualmeetingsis

problematic.Onlyhighlyautomatedtasks»suchaswalking,canbeproperlycarriedout

duringavirtualmeeting.

“Walkingandotherautomatedactivitiescanboostyourenergylevelsandhelp

youtoconcentrateonthemeeting.Butifyou'retryingtofocusontwothingsthat

requirecognitiveattentionsimultaneously,youcan'thearifsomethingimportantis

happeninginthemeeting.Alternatively,youhavetoconstantlyswitchbetween

tasks.It\reallytaxingfbrthebrain,"Nurmisays.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了不参与工作的人在远程会议期间

很快变得昏昏欲睡，注意力降低。虽然适当程度的刺激通常对大脑有益，但在虚

拟会议期间进行多任务处理是有问题的。

IHowdoesNiinaNurmifeelabouttheresultoftheresearch?

A.Confused.B.Confident.

C.Surprised.D.Optimistic.

答案C［观点态度题。根据第二段中NiinaNurmi的话“Iexpectedtofind

that...becamedrowsyduringremotemeetings”可知,NiinaNurmi本以为人们会在远

程会议中感到焦虑不安。但结果恰恰相反，特别是那些不参与工作的人在远程会

议期间很快变得昏昏欲睡。也就是说研究结果出乎她的意料，令她吃惊。］

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shadowed“inparagraph3mean?

A.Observed.B.Interviewed.

C.Employed.D.Analyzed.

答案A［词义猜测题。上文谈到Aall。的团队与一些研究人员合作，使用心率

监测器研究压力和恢复，下文也提到研究人员用时间戳记录了所有事件，以找出

人类生理反应的来源，这些与画线词都是这次研究的具体动作，由此可推知，此

处应表示对受试者“观察”的动作，画线词应表示“观察，跟踪”之意。］

考情速递猜词题之推断熟词生僻义

本题考查推断熟词生僻义。考生对shadow作名词“影子，阴影”的意思比较熟

悉，但此处shadow作动词，考生需要结合具体语境来推断其含义。本题的考查

角度与2023年新课标H卷第30题理解“relateto”含义类似。

3.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Limitedsensoryinputincreasesstimulation.

B.Turningoffcamerasbooststaskswitching.

C.Automatedtasksstimulateconstantswitches.

D.Toolittlestimulationcancausemultitasking.

答案D［推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，当相机关闭时，与会者感

到的刺激不足，可能会开始通过多任务处理来补偿。尽管适当水平的刺激通常对

大脑有益，但虚拟会议期间的多任务处理是有问题的。最后一段谈到“如果你试

图同时关注两件需要认知注意力的事情，你就无法听到会议中是否发生了重要的

事。或者，你不得不在任务间不断切换J由此可推知，太少的刺激会导致多任务

处理。］

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Howremotemeetingsdifferfromface-to-faceones.

B.Whycognitiveattentioninvirtualmeetingsdecreases.

C.Whatroleaperson'spersonalityplaysinremotemeetings.

D.Wheretheproblemwiththepresentmeetingformatslies.

答案B［文章大意题。本文第一段就谈到虚拟会议期间的困倦实际上可能是精

神负荷不足和无聊的结果。接下来介绍了相关研究分析虚拟会议的影响。所以本

文主要说明了虚拟会议中认知注意力不高的真正原因。］

B

（2025・济南高三模拟）

WhenParamJaggiwasfiveyearsold,hehadapassiontotakethingsaparttosee

whatwasinside.Hestartedwithtoysandevenbrokeacomputer,whichmadehis

parentsnottoopleased.Ashegotolder,heshiftedfrombreakingthingstobuilding

things,whichgreatlyuuinfurledhisparents.Inmiddlesuhool,hestalledworkingun

projectsinhiskitchenlaboratory,andhisfirstprojectwasmakingbiofuels.

AlthoughJaggi'sparentsinitiallythoughthisexperimentswerejustaboyhood

fancy,heremaineddeterminedtomakeadifferencetotheenvironment.Eventually,

hisparentscamearoundandstartedsupportinghisdreams.Jaggi5sinterestcontinued

ashegrewup,buthefocusedmoreonsolvingrealproblems,especiallythoserelated

totheenvironment.

At17,Jaggiwentbeyondhisschoolprojectsandco-foundedEcoviate,a

companythatusestechnologytosolveeverydayenergyandenvironmental

problcms.Hcplannedtotransformpeople'sideathatgoinggreenisexpensive,by

makingavailableaseriesofaffordableproductsthatarceasytousc.ThroughEcoviatc,

hedesignedproductsthatcouldcontributetoagreenerfuture.Oneofhisnotable

inventionswasthe“CChube"，adevicethatcouldbeattachedtovehicletailpipesto

reducecarbonemissions,andit'savailabletomanypeopleatlowprices.Healso

createdasmartwatchthatchangedbodyheatintoenergy,whichcanbeusedtopower

upthewatchaswellasmobilephones.

YoungJaggi,nowathird—gradecollegestudentstudyingengineeringand

economics,hasbecomeafamouseco—innovatorandhiscompanyisdeveloping

promisingly.However,Jaggi\visiontosavetheenvironmentgoesbeyondcreating

products.HeplanstolaunchanonlineplatformthroughEcoviate,whichwill

encourageyoungstudentsinterestedinscienceandtechnologytogetactivelyinvolved

ininnovationandinvention.Studentscansubmitascienceprojectonline,andtalk

aboutthehelpthattheyneedtomaketheprojectareality.

【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jaggi是一个从小就有好奇心的

人，通过创办Ecoviate公司来生产解决日常环境问题的产品。现在，他还想要推

出在线平台，鼓励更多的年轻人参与创新和发明。

考情速递高考题同类型人物选材再现

本文话题和故事的展开方式与2023年新课标I卷B篇阅读理解异曲同工，都讲

述了从小就对自然感兴趣、有探索精神的少年，利用自己的爱好为大自然做出贡

献的故事。考生在做题时，不能机械地重复练习，要注意对同类文本进行梳理总

结，进而掌握同类文本的文章要素、结构、立意等。

5.WhatcanwelearnaboutJaggi?

A.Hewascuriousbynature.

B.Hedreamedofbeinganengineer.

C.Healwaysannoyedhisparents.

D.Hewasaddictedtoplayingwithtoys.

答案A［推理判断题。根据第一段中的“WhenParamJaggiwasfiveyearsold,

hehadapassiontotakethingsaparttoseewhatwasinside”和“heshiftedfrom

breakingthingstobuildingthings”可知,Jaggi很喜欢拆卸、组装东西，所以他应该

是一个天性好奇的人。］

6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpart“camearound”in

Paragraph2?

A.Wonout.B.Changedtheirminds.

C.Walkedaround.D.Paidavisit.

答案B［词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“madehisparentsnolloopleased”和画线

词前面的“aboyhoodfancy”可知，起初Jaggi的父母对他的实验并不开心，并认为

他只是一时兴起；再根据画线词后面的“startedsupportinghisdreams”可知,Jaggi

父母的态度发生了变化。］

7.WhatdroveJaggitodevelopaffordableanduser-friendlyproducts?

A.Hisloveforgreenerdevices.

B.Hispursuitofanacademiccareer.

C.Hisdesiretomakeadifference.

D.Hishopetoboostgreenindustry.

答案C［推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Heplannedtotransformpeople'sidea

thatgoinggreenisexpensiven可以看出，Jaggi开发价格实惠、用户友好的产品是

为了对环境做出贡献。］

8.WhydoesJaggiplantolaunchanonlineplatform?

A.Topromotesmartproducts.

B.Toempoweryounginventors.

C.Tuprovideeuo—theniudcourses.

D.Toofferenvironmentalistsfunds.

答案B［细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“whichwillencourageyoung

students...involvedininnovationandinvention”可知，Jaggi推出在线平台是为了鼓

励对科学技术感兴趣的年轻学生积极参与创新和发明。］

C

（2025•济南高三质检）

Intheanimalworld,speedisking.Fastanimalshavealegupinoutrunningother

animals,whichputsthemhighonthefoodchain.ltwouldseemthatallanimalswould

goforspeed,butthenthere'sthesloth（树懒）.Whilealioncangofrom0to60miles

anhourinonlyfiveseconds,ittakesaslothalldaytocovernomorethan50meters.

Slothsliveentirelyintreesonadietofleaves.Andforthis,theyareextremely

rare.Whilemostofthelandworldiscoveredintrees,thereareveryfewvertebrates

（脊椎动物）thatcallthetreehome.Theaimofa2016study,saysJonathanPauli>

professorofforestandwildlifeecologyattheUniversityofWisconsin—Madison.was

tohelpuncoverwhyslothsarcindeedsounique.uAmongvertebrates,thisistherarest

oflifestyles,"saysPauli."Whenyoupictureanimalsthatliveoffplantleaves,they

arealmostallbig—thingslikedeer.What'ssuperinterestingaboutslothsisthatthey

can'tbebig.”

Fortheirresearch,PauliandhisWisconsinteamstudiedwildslothsatafield

site.Whentheresearchersmeasuredtheenergyuseofsloths,theyfoundawildlylow

burningofaslittleas110caloriesofenergyaday.Andforthis,theytakelh。cake：

itisthelowestmeasuredenergeticoutputforanymammal（哺乳动物）.

“Themeasurementwasintendedtofindoutwhatitcostslothstoliveovera

day,“saysPauli,whoaddsadietoflittlebutleaveslacksnutritionalvalueandthat

theanimafssmallsizedoesn'tallowforovereating—soslothsneedtofindwaysto

makethemostoftheirdiets,whichmeansusingtinyamountsofenergy,dramatic

controlofbodytemperatureandlivingatanextremelyslowpace.

Theirreward?Awonderfullywidespreadecologicalsystemtocalltheirown,one

slowinchalalime.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在速度为王的动物界，似乎所有

的动物都在追求速度，但树懒除外，它们拥有一种独特的生活方式。Pauli和他的

团队对此进行了研究。

9.WhyisalionmentionedinParagraph1?

A.Toadmirelions,speed.

B.Tostatesloths'weakness.

C.Toconfinnlions,leadposition.

D.Tohighlightsloths,uniqueness.

答案D［推理判断题。第一段提到狮子主要是在速度方面和树懒进行对比。再

根据第二段中的“Theaimofa2016study...wastohelpuncoverwhyslothsareindeed

sounique.”可知，文章主要揭示树懒的独特性。所以第一段提到狮子，是为了用

明显的对比衬托出树懒的独特性。］

10.Whatisthe2016studymainlyabout?

A.Thelifestyleofsloths.

B.Thedietofvertebrates.

C.Thespeciesofrareanimals.

D.Theenergyuseofcreatures.

答案A［细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Theaimofa2016study...wastohelp

uncoverwhyslothsareindeedsounique.”可知，2016年研究的目的是帮助揭示树懒

为什么如此独特。再根据第二段中的"Amongvertebrates,thisistherarestof

lifestyles"可知，A项“树懒的生活方式”正确。］

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"takethecake^^inParagraph3probably

mean?

A.Breakdown.B.Kcepon.

C.Standout.D.Growup.

答案C［词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“Whentheresearchers...aslittleas110

caloriesofenergyaday.”和画线短语后的"itisthelowestmeasuredenergeticoutput

foranymammal”可知，当研究人员发现树懒每天消耗的能量极低，只有110卡路

里，这是从所有哺乳动物中测得的最低能量输出。这是树懒的一个突出特点。故

画线短语与C项“突出，显眼，引人注目”的意思最为接近。］

考情速递推断熟词构成的动词短语含义

本题中的画线动词短语由考生都熟知的3个单词构成，但这些熟知的单词组合起

来，考生就无法理解其含义，这就需要考生在上下文信息中寻找解题线索，从而

推断短语含义。设题角度与2023年新课标II卷第30题（推断动词短语relateto的

含义）一致，着重考查考生根据语境推断短语含义的能力。

12.WhatcanbeinferredaboutslothsfromPauli'swords?

A.Theirslowpaceisabalancedchoice.

B.Theyarefacedwithpossibleextinction.

C.Theirslowpacedecidesatinyappetite.

D.Thcysufferalotagainstnaturalenemies.

答案A［推理判断题。根据第四段中的“adietoflittlebutleaves...］ivingatan

extremelyslowpace”可知,树懒几乎只吃树叶的饮食缺乏营养价值，而且其小体

型让它们不能吃得过多，所以树懒需要充分利用饮食，这意味着使用少量的能量，

大幅控制体温，并以极慢的速度生活。］

II.语法填空

(2025•重庆质量抽测)

Withtheirremarkablespiritualityandmateriality,ancientbooksplaya

I.(vital)import;introleinbearingthememoriesandwisdomofthe

Chinesenation.Indeed,theyhavehelpedtosafeguardandextendtheChinese

civilization,whichboasts2.uniquelength,breadthanddepth.

TheSongandYuandynastiessawapeakinthe3.(grow)of

Chineseculture,whichinvolvedagoldenageofancientbooks.Inthisperiod,

papermakingtechnologymatured,inkmanufacturingenteredastageoftransformation

4.printingtechnologyreachedperfection.Booksofthetimemainly

madeofpaper,withvariousbinding(装订)formats,5.(include)scroll

binding,butterflybindingandwrapped-backbinding6.(handwrite),

block-printed,orrubbedfromsteles(石碑).Theyshowedbeautyinfonts,typography,

andbinding,7.madeancienlbooksobjectsofdesireforcollectorsofall

time.

TheShanghaiMuseum8.(list)inllicfirstgroupbolliofthe

NationallyKeyInstitutionsandoftheMunicipallyKeyInstitutionsforSafeguarding

AncientBookshasattachedgreatimportance9.theediting,research,

preservation,anddisplayofancientbooks.10.(conduct)the

governmentalOpinionsonPromotingtheWorkofAncientBooksintheNewEraand

torespondtotheconcernofthepublic,alargenumberofmasterpieceshavebeen

selectedinthisexhibitionforourvisitors.

【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国古籍的发展历程和当今的

作用。

1.vitally［考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰空后的形容词

importanto故填vitally«］

2.a［考查冠词。空处修饰名词length.brea由h和depth,且名词前有形容词修饰。

此处表示泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。］

3.growth［考查词性转换。空处跟在the的后面，故应填名词。growth在此意为

“发展”，是不可数名词，故填growth。］

4.and［考查并列连词。空前的"papermakingtechnologymatured,H4ink

manufacturingentere