考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷644

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷644

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

AnewbookbyaformerlawyeratKirkland&Ellis,oneofthenation'slargestlawfirms,

hasdeliveredathrilltothealreadyrattledlegalprofession.InTheLawyerBubble:A

ProfessioninCrisis,StevenJ.Harperarguesthatlegaljobsaredisappearingnotbecause

ofshort-termeconomicHuctuationsbutbecauseofpov/erfullong-termtrends.Theword

bubbleisanoverstatement,butHarperdeservescreditforsoundingthealarm.The

declineinthemarketforlawyersisbeingdrivenbyanarrayofforces.Forsometime

now,corporateclientshavebeenlesswillingtosignoffonbulkylegalbills.Theyhave

increasinglybeenbalkingatthetophourlyratesof$1.000thatsomepartnerscharge.

Andasaresultofglobalization,anincreasingshareofAmericanlegalworkisbeing

shippedoverseas.LawyersinIndiaandotherlower-wagemarketsarewillingtodothe

workforafractionofwhatAmericanlawfirmswouldcharge.Takingawayevenmoreof

thiswork:newlysophisticatedlegalsoftwarethatcando"documentreview"andother

tasksforwhichlawyerswereonceneeded.Thelegalmarketiswithoutquestionsoft

thesedays.LastJune,theAssociationforLegalCareerProfessionalsreleasedagrim

placementreportstatingthatonly65.4%oflaw-schoolgraduateshadfoundjobsfor

whichitwasnecessarytopassastatebarexam.AndtheInternetisfulloffirst-hand

accountsoflaw-schoolgraduateswhosaythattheirlawdegreehasnothelpedthemgeta

lawjob—and,worsestill,thosewhoreportthattheirdegreehasactuallyhurttheirjob

prospects,sincesomeemployersnowtellthemtheyareoverqualifiedfornonlegal

positions.Harperarguesthattheprofession'sleadersareabigpartoftheproblem.He

contendsthatbigfirmmanagersaretoofocusedonmaximizingprofitsforthebiggest,

mostrainmakingpartners-attheexpenseofjuniorlawyersandthelong-terminterestof

thefirm.Andhefaultslaw-schooldeansforputtingtheinterestsandsalariesoflaw

professorsaheadoftheinterestsoftheirunderemployed,dcbt-ladcnstudents.

Controversialasitis,Harper'sbig-pictureargumentisundoubtedlycorrect,anditisa

realcauseforconcern.Barassociationsandlegalacademicshavebeguntalkingabout

howtheprofessionshouldadapt-discussionsthatarelongoverdue.Thebiggestproblem

withTheLawyerBubbleisnotthewarningitissoundingbutitstitle;unliketulipsand

otherspeculativebubblesinthepast,lawyerswillalwaysbeanecessitynotafad.But

then,TheVery,VeryChallengingJobMarketforLawyersdoesn'thavethesameringto

it.

1、ThebookTheLawyerBubble:AProfessioninCrisis

A、hasrattledlegalprofession.

B、isanexaggerationofthesituation.

C、hascauseddeeperconcern.

D、isabigblowtolegalprofession.

标准答案：c

知识点露析：第一段的第一句就指出该书的出版给原本已经寒风凛凛的法律行业带

来寒意(hasdeliveredathrilltothealreadyrattledlegalprofession)o本句中的thrill指

的是刺激性的“颤动”，说明这本书已经对法律界产生刺激。引起了人们的注意。进

而在最后一段第一句总结时，作者又说itisarealcauseforconcern,进一步可以证

明本书确实导致了人们的担忧(causedconcern),说明C项正确。

2、WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofParagraph2?

A、Thedeclineoflegalprofessionisdrivenbyeconomicrecession.

B>GlobalizationhasposedatremendousimpactonlawyersinAmerica

C^Manylawyersareunemployedwiththeintroductionoflegalsoftware.

D^Thedownturnoflegalprofessionistheoutcomeofabunchoffactors.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第二段第一句就表明律师市场日益萎缩有诸多因素(anarrayof

forces)oD项的abunch0俨一群，一束“同义替换anarrayof,而factors同义替换

forces,故为答案。

3、ItcanbeinferredinParagraph3thatadegreeinlawhas

A、alwaysbeendifficulttofinishandcomplete.

B、enabledlawgraduatestosecuredecentjobs.

C、actuallyhamperedsomegraduatesinthejobmarket.

D、overqualifiedstudentsfortheirfuturejobs.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从第三段最后一句可看出，有些学生认为法律学位实际上妨碍了找工

作(hasactuallyhurttheirjobprospects)oC项与之同义。

4、AccordingtoStevenJ.Harper,

A、leadersinthelegalprofessionarenottoblame.

B、thelegalprofessionwillburstlikeabubble.

C、theinequityintheprofessionshouldbeadjusted.

D、lawyersareactuallyafadnotanecessity.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题需要一定的推断，题干中的StevenJ.Harper是本书作者，从作

者所取的书名TheLawyerBubble：AProfessioninCrisis,以及第一段第二句

StevenJ.Harperarguesthatlegaljobsaredisappearirg..可以看出Harper对法律行业

的担忧，担心法律行业会像泡沫一样爆破消失，因而选B项。

5、TheauthorthinksthatHarper,sargumentinthebookis

A、alarmingyetexaggerating.

B、disputableyetreasonable.

C、controversialanddoublable.

D、correctandreasonable.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查作者的观点。从最后一段的第一句可以看出，作者认为虽然

Harper的整体论点(big-pictureargument)有争议(controversial),但亳无疑问还是正确

的(undoubtedlycorrect)(>第三句作者又提到Thebiggestproblem...itstitle,表明作者

认为书名还有待商榷，作者认为这本书仍然是disputable(有讨论余地的)，但总体

来说是reasonable(合理的)，故选B项。

Publichealthofficialsgrapplingwiththeobesityepidemichavedebatedawiderangeof

approachestohelpingslimtheAmericanwaistline.Tosomedegree,everythingfrom

buildingmoresidewalkstobanningchocolatemilkhasbeenexplored.Yetfewtactics

havebeenaspolarizingasthepossibilityofintroducingtariffsontreats.Despite

endorsementfromseveralrespectedobesityresearchersandpoliticians,sodataxes,for

example,havebeensubjecttoseverescrutiny,ascriticsprotestedthatimplementingatax

beforeverifyingthatitwouldachievetheendresultwasshortsightedandpotentially

overreaching.So,inattempttodeterminejusthowsintaxesmightimpactpeople'sfood

choices,psychologistsfromtheUniversityofBuffalodecidedtoputjunkfoodleviesto

thetest—inthelab.Researchersrecruitedshopperstoexaminetheaislesofamock

supermarketfilledwith68commonfoodslabeledwithnutritionalinformation.

Participantsweregivenapredeterminedamountofcash,andweretoldtousethatmoney

topurchaseaweek'sworthofgroceriesforafamily.Thefirsttime,alloftheproductson

theshelveswerepricedinkeepingwithlocalsupermarkets.Insubsequenttrips,however,

junkfoodwastaxed-anadditional12.5%,then25%-orhealthierfoodswere

subsidizedtoreducecost.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,

revealedthattaxesweremoreeffectiveatgettingpeopletoavoidcertainproductsthan

subsidieswereatpromptinghealthierfoodpurchases.Inscenarioswherejunkfoodswere

taxed,studyparticipantsgenerallycameawaywithalowercalorictotalfortheir

groceries,andahigherraiioofproteintofatsandcarbohydrates.Yet,insituationswhere

healthyfoodsweresubsidized,thesavingswereoftenspentonadditionaljunkfood.That

is,insteadofstockinguponmorefruitsandvegetablesbecausetheywerecheaper,the

study'sshoppersboughttheirvegetables,andthenusedtheleftovercashtobringhome

extratreatslikechipsandsoda.Intheend,thesubsidies-onlyscenariosresultedin

highertotalcaloriecounts,anddidn'tresultinoverallnutritionalimprovementonthe

week'sgroceries.Becausethescenarioishypothetical,thefindingscertainlyshouldn'tbe

takenasthefinalwordinthesintaxdebate,theresearchersstress,butshouldinsteadbe

usedtoinformtheongoingdiscussionaboutpracticalwaystobattleobesity.Tothatend,

theysay,thenextstepshouldberesearchtodeterminewhethertheseresultswouldbe

replicatedintherealworld.

6、Itissuggestedinthefirstparagraphthatobesityhas

A^arousedextensiveconcern.

B、affectedinfrastructurenationwide.

C、beenanalyzedfrompoliticalaspect.

D、ledtomanypolarizingopinions.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题干定位到文章第一段。该段首句讲到许多官员对如何使美国人

瘦下来进行了讨论，可知肥胖问题引起了人们的广泛关注。故A项为正确答案。

7、PsychologistsfromtheUniversityofBuffalodecidedtoexperimentonjunkfoodtax

inorderto

A^testwhetheritwouldinterferewithfoodoption.

BNfindthebestwaytocurbtheobesityepidemic.

C、determinehowpolarizingthesolutionwas.

D、examinevariouspossibilitiesoffoodchoices.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题干定位到文章第一段最后一句话。由该句inattemptio后的内

容可知，研究的目的是为了确定对垃圾食品征税对人们选择食品有多大影响，故A

项正确。

8、Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheexperiment?

A^Participantswereaskedtochoosefrom68nutritionalitems.

B>Participantswererecruitedtobuythingsfromalocalsupermarket.

C^Junkfoodsweretaxed;meanwhilehealthieronesvzeresubsidized.

D、Thereweredifferentscenariosforsubjectstoparticipatein.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题干定位到文章第二段。根据文章可知，实验先让模拟超市价格

与实际情况相同。然后在后续的对比试验中(insubsequenttrips)对有些货品征税或

实行补贴，由此可知实验设置了不同的情境，D项符合题意。

9、ThestudypublishedinPsychologicalScienceshowedthat

A、subsidieswouldpromotehealthierfoodpurchases.

B、comparedwithsubsidies,taxesseemedtooperatemoreeffectively.

C^bothtaxesandsubsidieswouldgreatlyaffectpeople'sfoodchoice.

D^taxeswillhelpshopperstostockuponmorefruitsandvegetables.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干定位到文章第三段。由文章可知，征税比补贴对人们健康饮

食更有效，故B项正确。

10、Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheresearchersmostlikelyagree?

A^Resultsoftheexperimentplayedavitalroleinthesintaxdebate.

B、Moresubjectsshouldbeincludedinsimilarresearches.

C、Thoughhypothetical,theresearchwasstillmeaningful.

D^Therealsituationwillprovidebetterwaystotackleobesity.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干定位到文章最后一段。由文章可知，虽然此研究是假设的，

但研究人员认为需要让人们知道这一结果。说明这一研究发现还是有意义的，故C

项正确。

AstheSenatepreparestovoteonlegislationtoempowertheFoodandDrug

Administrationtoregulatetobaccoproducts,itsmemberswouldbewisetoconsulta

recentappealscourtdecision.Thedecisionmakesitclearthatthetobaccocompanies

haveengagedindeceitfulandharmfulbehaviorformanydecadesandcannotbetrusted

toreformontheirown.Regulatoryoversightisthebestchancetoreinthemin.The

unanimousrulingbyathree-judgepaneloftheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfbrthe

DistrictofColumbiaupheldmajorelementsofa2006lowercourtdecisionthatfoundbig

tobaccocompaniesguiltyofracketeeringandfraudaspartofaprolongedcampaignto

deceiveandaddictthepublic.That1,742opinion,renderedbyJudgeGladys

Kessler,laidoutinpainstakingdetailhowthetobaccocompaniesmadefalsestatements

andsuppressedevidenceiodenyorplaydowntheaddictivequalitiesandtheadverse

healtheffectsofsmoking.JudgeKesslerfoundthatthecompaniesmanipulatedthe

designofcigarettestodeliveraddictivedosesofnicotine,falselydeniedthatsecondhand

smokecauseddiseaseandfalselyrepresentedthatlightandlow-tarcigarettespresen:ed

fewerhealthrisks.Theappealscourtnotonlyupheldherdecisionaslegallysound,it

seemeddeeplyimpressedbythe"volumesofevidence"and"countlessexamplesof

deliberatelyfalsestatements"underlyingmanyofJudgeKessler'sfindings.Italsoupheld

somebutnotallofthemarketingrestrictionsandotherrequirementssheimposedto

preventthecompaniesfrommakingfuturefalseclaimsandengaginginadditional

fraudulentactivities.Thecompaniesprotestedthattheyshouldnotbesubjectedtosuch

requirementsbecausetheyhadalreadyagreedtonumerousremediesunderasettlement

agreementwith46statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.Theappealspanelwasrightly

unimpressed.Itupheldthedistrictcourt'sfindingsthatafterthesettlementwentinto

effectin1998,thecompaniesalmostimmediatelybegantoevadeandviolatevarious

prohibitionsagainstjointactivitiesandfalsestatements.TheHousehasalreadyvotedto

givetheF.D.A.powertoregulatetobacco.Senators,whoaregettingreadytovoteon

similarlegislation,nowhavefairwarning,iftheyneededanymore,thatthisisa

dishonestindustry.Itcan'tbetrustedtobehaveresponsiblyorevenadheretoagreements

ithassigned.ItistimetogranttheF.D.A.thepowertoregulatethecontentand

marketingoftobaccoproducts.

11、Whywoulditbewiseforthesenatorstoconsultarecentappealscourtdecision

beforevoting?

A、Itrevealstosenatorstobaccocompanies,incompetenceinself-discipline.

B、Itmakesthesenatorslearnhowprofitablethetobaccoindustiyis.

C、Ithelpsthesenatorsrealizethenecessityofregulatoryoversight.

D、Itpointsoutthattobaccocompanieshavebeenliarsformanydecades.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考查因果细节。根据wise定位到第一段，其中最后一句明确说明对

烟草公司进行监管是必要的，可见之所以说这样做是“明智的”，是由于这项裁决能

让参观员认识到对烟草行业进行监管的必要性，并促使他们投上赞成票，故C项

正确。

12、WecaninferfromJudgeKessler'sfindingsthat

A、tobaccocompaniesachievecustomeraddictionatthecostoftheirhealth.

B、theadversehealtheffectsofsmokinghavebeenchronicallyunderestimated.

C、racketeeringandfraudhaveblindedthetobaccocompaniesfbralongtime.

D、thediseasescausedbysecondhandsmokehavebeencarelesslydenied.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据JudgeKessler定位到第二、三段，原文laidout等指示词后面的

内容即暗示了JudgeKessler对烟草公司的态度，A项是对烟草公司欺骗行径的总

结。

13、TherestrictionsandrequirementsimposedbyJudgeKessler

A、haveentirelybeenapprovedbytheappealscourt.

B、willimmediatelybeviolatedbythetobaccocompanies.

C、severelyoverlapwiththeprevioussettlementagreement.

D、aremeanttopreventtobaccocompaniesfromdeceiving.

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：根据restrictionsandrequirements定位到第四段。原文说JudgeKessler

提出这些限制和要求的目的是为了防止烟草公司今后再进行虚假宣传以及从事其他

的欺诈行为，D项说明的目的符合原文。

14、Theword,'rightlyH(Line3,Paragraph5)canbebestreplacedby

A、justly.

B、understandably.

C、evidently.

D、appropriately.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题干定位到第五段。这类题型需要根据上下文推断出词义。此处

rightly应意为“正当地”时，这里是指由于烟草公司1998年立即违反规定的行径，

法院对其抗议给予正当的漠视。四个选项中与法院最相关的词是justly(正当地)，

也可以由此推测A项正确。

15、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A^Self-regulatedTobaccoIndustry

B、OnceaLiar,AlwaysaLiar

C>WatchYourVote,Senators

D、ADishonestIndustry

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章大意，D项dishonest一词最能表明烟草行业的实质，与全

文内容最为贴切。

Ifthereisonecentral,recurringmistaketheUnitedStatesmakeswhendealingwiththe

restoftheworld,itistoassumethatcreatingpoliticalstabilityiseasy.Theadversariesin

IraqandAfghanistanremindusthat"themostimportantdistinctionamongcountries

concernsnottheirformofgovernmenthuttheirdegreeofgoverninent."I.ookaround.So

manyoftheworld'sproblems-fromterroristsinWaziristantothedevastatingAIDS

epidemicinAfricatopiracyinSomalia——arecausedormadeworsebygovernmentsthat

arcunabletoexerciserealauthorityovertheirlandsorpeople.Thatwasthecentral

insightofSamuelP.Huntington,thegreatestpoliticalscientistofthelasthalf-ccntuiy,

whodiedonChristmasEve.HuntingtonismostfamousforTheClashofCivilizations,

buthisscholarlyreputationproperlyrestsonhisearlierwork.Hisanalysisofpolitical

orderhadimmediate,real-worldapplications.Whilestudyingthetopic,hewasaskedby

LyndonJohnson'sadministrationtoassesstheprogressoftheVietnamWar.After

touringtheplaceheargued,in1967and1968,thatAmerica'sstrategyinSouthVietnam

wasfatallyflawed.TheJohnsonadministrationwastryingtobuythepeople'ssupport

throughaidanddevelopment.Butmoneywasn'tthekey,inHuntington'sview.The

segmentsofSouthVietnam'spopulationthathadresistedtheVietCong'seffortshad

donesobecausetheyweresecurewithineffectivelocalcommunitiesstructuredaround

religiousorethnicties.TheUnitedStates,however,wantedtocreateamodern

Vietnamesenationandsorefusedtoreinforcethese"backward"sourcesofauthority.

This40-year-oldanalysisdescribesourdilemmainAfghanistantoday.Huntington

noticedatroublingtrend.Sometimes,progressAmericanstyle—morepolitical

participationorfastereconomicgrowth-actuallycreatedmoreproblemsthanitsolved.

Ifacountryhadmorepeoplewhowereeconomically,politicallyandsociallyactiveand

yetlackedeffectivepoliticalinstitutions,suchaspoliticalparties,civicorganizationsor

crediblecourts,theresultwasgreaterinstability.Thathasbeenthestoryofpartsofthe

ThirdWorldoverthepastthreedecades.ThinkofPakistan,whosepopulationhasgone

from68millionin1975to165milliontoday,whileitsgovernmenthasprovedill

equippedtotacklethebasictasksofeducation,securityandsocialwelfare.Living

throughchange,peoplehaveoftenstuckwiththeiroldestandmostdurablesourceof

security:religion.ThatwasthemostimportantmessageofTheClashofCivilizations.

Whileotherswerecelebratingthefallofcommunismandtheriseofglobalization,he

sawthatwithideologydisappearingasasourceofhumanidentity,religionwasreturning

tothefore.

16、ThecentralinsightofSamuelP.Huntingtonrefersto

A、governmentshavethepowertoestablishrealauthority.

B、govemments,inabilityresultsinmanyglobalprob'ems.

C、governmentsshouldrelyontheirpeopletoexercisepower.

D、terrorismcanbedefeatedonlyifgovernmentsworktogether.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据centralinsightofSamuelP.Huntington可定位至第一段，其中提

到，“世界上如此之多的问题，包括恐怖分子、艾滋病及海盗，都是由政府的无能

引起的或使情况恶化……以上是亨廷顿的主要见解”，因此正确答案为B项。

17、Huntingt