主题30　地球与宇宙奥秘探索

主题30地球与宇宙奥秘探索主题概述本主题探讨地球的起源与结构、宇宙的奥秘以及人类的太空探索活动，旨在帮助学生深入了解天体运行的基本规律、空间技术的发展成就，培养对科学的好奇心和勇于探索的精神，引导学生树立正确的宇宙观和环保意识，形成崇尚科学、热爱自然的积极态度对接教材人教版必修第三册UNIT

4

SPACE

EXPLORATION

外研版选择性必修第四册UNIT

5

Into

the

unknown，

UNIT

6

Space

and

beyond译林版选择性必修第三册UNIT

2

Out

of

this

world目录CONTENTS主题语基构建主题语基通关主题要点突破主题写作提能主题对接高考主题能力跃升主题语基构建子话题1宇宙探索与技能1.

explore

v.探索；勘探exploration

n.探索；勘探explorer

n.探险家2.

detect

v.发现；查明；测出detection

n.探测；察觉detective

n.侦探；警探3.

expedition

n.远征；探险队4.

navigate

v.导航；航行navigation

n.导航；航行

主题单词5.

sign

n.迹象；征兆；标志v.签署；签名；示意；表明6.

radar

n.雷达7.

rocket

n.火箭8.

signal

n.信号v.发信号9.

telescope

n.望远镜10.

instruct

vt.指导；通知；命令；教授instruction

n.用法说明；指示；教授，指导；（计算机的）指令，命令11.

arrange

vt.排列，布置vt.&

vi.安排，筹备arrangement

n.计划；安排子话题2地球结构与特征1.

globe

n.地球；地球仪2.

core

n.地核；核心3.

equator

n.赤道4.

surface

n.表面；地表5.

tide

n.潮汐；潮流6.

continent

n.大陆；大洲7.

current

n.（水、气）流；电流adj.当前的currency

n.货币；通用；流行8.

geography

n.地理学；地形9.

geology

n.地质学10.

layer

n.层；层次11.

remote

adj.偏远的12.

distance

n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远distant

adj.遥远的；远房的；冷淡的distantly

adv.远离地；疏远地13.

shine

vi.发光；反光；照耀子话题3人类活动与未来1.

potential

n.潜力；可能性adj.潜在的2.

tight

adj.（时间、资金）紧张的；紧的；紧身的；密封的adv.紧

紧地；彻底地3.

destination

n.目的地4.

station

v.派驻；使驻扎n.站5.

frontier

n.前沿；边疆6.

humanity

n.人类；人性7.

inhabit

v.居住于；栖息于inhabitant

n.居民；栖息的动物8.

reveal

v.揭示；透露；展现；显示9.

dominate

vi.&

vt.支配；控制domination

n.控制；支配10.

flight

n.飞翔；飞行；班机；航班；空中旅行11.

float

vi.飘动；漂流；浮vt.使浮动，使漂流12.

flow

v.流动；流淌；涌动n.流动；流速；连贯；顺畅13.

milestone

n.里程碑；重大事件14.

mission

n.任务；使命；（航天）飞行任务15.

program

n.计划；项目；程序16.

space

station空间站17.

indicate

v.表明，显示；象征，暗示indication

n.迹象；标示18.

voyage

n.航行；航天子话题4宇宙天体与概念（一）天体1.

Earth

n.地球2.

Mars

n.火星3.

galaxy

n.星系；银河系4.

Milky

Way银河系5.

solar

system太阳系6.

black

hole黑洞7.

star

n.恒星；星星8.

planet

n.行星9.

orbit

n.轨道v.绕轨道运行（二）物质与概念1.

big

bang宇宙大爆炸2.

ray

n.光线；射线3.

outer

space外太空4.

phenomenon

n.现象5.

light-year

n.光年6.

alien

n.外星人（生物）；外国人adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的7.

hydrogen

n.氢；氢气8.

oxygen

n.氧；氧气9.

pace

n.速度；进度10.

vast

adj.巨大的；广阔的11.

massive

adj.巨大的；庞大的；大量的；严重的12.

tiny

adj.极小的；微小的；微量的子话题5

交通与太空探索（一）地上交通1.

vehicle

n.车辆；交通工具2.

traffic

n.路上行驶的车辆；交通；（沿固定路线的）航行；运输3.

high-speed

rail高铁4.

railway

n.铁路；铁道部门5.

wheel

n.轮子；方向盘；汽车；运作方式v.推6.

aboard

adv.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）7.

underground

n.地铁；地下adj.地下的adv.在地下；不公开地（二）太空探索1.

manned

adj.载人的2.

launch

v.使（船）下水；发射；开始从事；发起；上市n.发射；下水；上市；发起3.

aviation

n.航空；飞行4.

spacecraft/spaceship宇宙飞船5.

satellite

n.人造卫星；卫星6.

shuttle

n.航天飞机；来往于两地的航班（或班车、火车）vi.频繁往来（于两地之间）7.

helicopter

n.直升机8.

aircraft

n.飞行器；飞机9.

capsule

n.（太空）舱10.

probe

n.探测器11.

aerospace

n.航空航天12.

missile

n.发射物；导弹；飞弹；火箭adj.可发射的13.

external

n.外面，外部adj.外面的，外部的；外来的14.

calendar

n.日历；历法；日程表；（一年之中的）重大事件（三）通用术语1.

route

n.路线；航线2.

transport

n.运输；输送v.输送；传播transportation

n.交通运输3.

departure

n.离开，启程；离开的飞机（或火车等）；离职；违背4.

locate

v.找出……的准确位置；确定……的准确地点location

n.位置；定位；地点；地方

主题短语1.

take

off

起飞2.

lift

off

（火箭等）升空3.

touch

down

着陆4.

head

for

前往5.

set

out

for

出发前往6.

send

back

发回（数据、图像）7.

pick

up

接收（信号）8.

look

into

调查11.

in

view

of

鉴于，考虑到12.

be

beneficial

to

...

对……有益13.

in/under

the

circumstances

在这种情况下；既然如此14.

more

than

多于；不仅仅；非常，岂止15.

on

the

whole

大体上；基本上9.

map

out

绘制……的地图10.

orbit

around

环绕……运行

主题语块1.

launch

a

rocket

发射火箭2.

launch

a

satellite

发射卫星3.

explore

the

universe

探索宇宙4.

explore

outer

space

探索外太空5.

discover

new

planets

发现新行星6.

conduct

a

space

mission

执行太空任务7.

board

a

spacecraft

登上宇宙飞船8.

walk

on

the

Moon/Mars在月球/火星上行走9.

collect

rock

samples

收集岩石样本10.

analyze

data

from

space

分析来自太空的数据

主题佳句高考必背写作佳句1.

句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句Follow

the

suggestions

above，and

you

will

get

your

written

English

improved.（建议信）听从以上建议，你的书面英语会得到提升。2.

句型公式：no

matter

what引导让步状语从句You

have

to

remember

that

no

matter

what

the

world

turns

out

to

be，

you

have

to

be

kind.你要记住，不管世界变成什么样，你都要善良。主题语基通关基础知识巩固集训（一）默写训练Ⅰ.单词默写1.

n.地球；地球仪2.

n.表面；地表3.

n.大陆；大洲4.

n.（水、气）流；电流adj.当前的5.

n.地理学；地形6.

adj.巨大的；广阔的7.

adj.巨大的；庞大的；大量的；严重的8.

n.轮子；方向盘；汽车；运作方式v.推globe

surface

continent

current

geography

vast

massive

wheel

9.

v.使（船）下水；发射；开始从事；发起；上市n.发

射；下水；上市；发起10.

n.路线；航线11.

n.离开，启程；离开的飞机（或火车等）；离职；

违背launch

route

departure

Ⅱ.派生单词默写1.

explore

v.探索；勘探

n.探索；勘探

n.探险家2.

detect

v.发现；查明；测出

n.探测；察觉

n.侦探；警探3.

navigate

v.导航；航行

n.导航；航行exploration

explorer

detection

detective

navigation

4.

inhabit

v.居住于；栖息于

n.居民；栖息的动物5.

transport

n.运输；输送v.输送；传播

n.交通运输inhabitant

transportation

Ⅲ.短语/语块默写1.

起飞2.

发回（数据、图像）3.

接收（信号）4.

绘制……的地图5.

环绕……运行6.

⁠在这种情况下；既然如此take

off

send

back

pick

up

map

out

orbit

around

in/under

the

circumstances 7.

多于；不仅仅；非常，岂止8.

大体上；基本上9.

发射火箭10.

执行太空任务more

than

on

the

whole

launch

a

rocket

conduct

a

space

mission

Ⅳ.主题佳句默写1.

，and

you

will

get

your

written

English

improved.听从以上建议，你的书面英语会得到提升。2.

You

have

to

remember

that

⁠

，you

have

to

be

kind.你要记住，不管世界变成什么样，你都要善良。Follow

the

suggestions

above

no

matter

what

the

world

turns

out

to

be

Ⅰ.单词拼写1.

The

driver

gave

a

hand

（信号）

before

turning

left.2.

They

live

in

a

（偏远的）

village

far

away

from

the

city.3.

The

coach

saw

great

（潜力）

in

the

young

athlete.4.

Our

budget

is

very

（紧张的）

this

month，

so

we

can’t

afford

to

eat

out.5.

The

investigation

will

（揭示）

the

truth

behind

the

incident.signal

remote

potential

tight

reveal

基础知识巩固集训（二）

语境运用

6.

My

（航班）

to

Beijing

has

been

delayed

due

to

bad

weather.7.

The

empty

bottle

will

（漂浮）

on

the

water.8.

The

astronauts’

（任务）

was

to

repair

the

space

station.flight

float

mission

Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空1.

The

company’s

complete

（dominate）

of

the

market

led

to

higher

prices

for

consumers.2.

The

exact

（locate）

of

the

earthquake’s

epicenter

was

difficult

to

determine

immediately.3.

The

flower

（arrange）

on

the

table

is

both

elegant

and

artistic，

making

the

entire

space

more

vibrant.4.

The

rescue

team

followed

the

captain’s

（instruct）

carefully

to

save

the

trapped

miners.5.

The

sudden

drop

in

air

pressure

was

a

clear

（indicate）

of

an

approaching

storm.domination

location

arrangement

instruction

indication

Ⅲ.完成句子1.

The

weather

forecast

warned

that

the

tornado

might

⁠

⁠.气象预报警告说，龙卷风可能在今晚着陆并造成严重破坏。2.

The

government

has

set

up

a

special

team

⁠

⁠.政府已成立一个特别小组来调查事故的原因。3.

，

all

flights

have

been

cancelled.鉴于恶劣的天气状况，所有航班均已取消。touch

down

tonight

and

cause

severe

damage

to

look

into

the

cause

of

the

accident

In

view

of

the

severe

weather

conditions

4.

Learning

first

aid

knowledge

will

⁠.学习急救知识对每个人都有益处。5.

Many

scientists

dedicate

their

lives

⁠

⁠.许多科学家毕生致力于探索宇宙以揭示其奥秘。be

beneficial

to

everyone

to

exploring

the

universe

to

uncover

its

mysteries

主题要点突破

instruct

vt.指导；通知；命令；教授→instruction

n.用法说明；指

示；教授，指导；（计算机的）指令，命令练通

单句语法填空/完成句子①Mission

Control

instructed

the

astronauts

（begin）

their

spacewalk.②Please

follow

the

（instruct）

carefully

before

assembling

the

telescope.③The

astronauts

specific

procedures

in

an

emergency.宇航员们被指示在紧急情况下遵循特定的程序。to

begin

instructions

were

instructed

to

follow

写美

微写作④As

our

editor

⁠

，

I’m

writing

to

check

on

the

progress

of

your

article.

（2025·全国二卷）由于我们的编辑已指示我为下一期内容定稿，我写信来询问您文章的

进展情况。has

instructed

me

to

finalize

the

content

for

the

next

issue

用法instruct

sb

to

do

sth

指示某人做某事instruct

sb

in

sth

教某人某事follow

the

instructions

遵从指示佳句

A

voice

inside

him，

clear

as

day，

instructed

him

to

go

to

his

brother，

not

for

forgiveness，

but

for

understanding.

（2025·全国一卷）他内心一个清晰如白昼的声音指示他去找他的兄弟，不为寻求原谅，

只为寻求理解。积累

instruction

manual说明手册under

the

instruction

of在……的指导下safety

instructions安全须知give

clear

instructions给出明确指示

arrange

vt.排列，布置vt.&

vi.安排，筹备→arrangement

n.计划；

安排练通

单句语法填空/完成句子①All

the

necessary

（arrange）

have

been

made

for

the

satellite

launch

next

month.②The

space

agency

arranged

for

a

press

conference

⁠

（announce）

their

new

findings.③We

the

astronauts’return.我们已经为宇航员的返回安排好了一切。arrangements

to

announce

have

arranged

everything

for

写美

微写作④I

carefully

，

each

one

a

small，

unspoken

apology

I

hoped

my

brother

would

accept.

（2025·全

国一卷）我小心地将自制饼干摆放在盒子里，每一块都是一个小小的、无言的

道歉，我希望弟弟能够接受。arranged

the

homemade

biscuits

in

the

box

用法arrange

（for

sb）

to

do

sth

安排（某人）做某事arrange

sth

in

order

按顺序排列某物make

arrangements

for

为……做安排佳句

①Could

you

let

me

know

your

progress

so

we

can

make

the

final

arrangements

for

publication？

（2025·全国二卷）您能告知我您的进展吗？以便我们能为出版做出最终安排。②I’ve

arranged

with

the

neighbours

about

feeding

the

cat

while

we

are

away.我们外出期间给猫喂食的事，我已和邻居安排妥了。积累

arrange

a

meeting安排会议neatly

arranged排列整齐的travel

arrangements旅行安排general

arrangement总体布置；总体设计

distance

n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant

adj.遥远的；

远房的；冷淡的练通

单句语法填空/完成句子①The

（distant）

between

Earth

and

Mars

varies

greatly

depending

on

their

orbits.②The

time

we

spent

together

is

now

a

（distance）

memory.③

，

the

planet

appears

pale

blue.从远处看，这颗行星呈现出淡蓝色。distance

distant

From

a

distance

写美

微写作④The

“Guess

who

I

am”

column

is

⁠

between

students

and

foster

a

more

connected

school

community.

（2025·全国一卷）“猜猜我是谁”这个栏目是拉近学生之间距离、培养一个联系更紧密

的学校社区的好方法。a

great

way

to

close/shorten

the

distance

用法keep

one’s

distance

保持距离from

a

distance

从远方in

the

distance

在远处close/shorten

the

distance

缩短距离佳句

This

interactive

column

can

effectively

shorten

the

distance

between

different

grades

and

departments

in

our

school.这个互动栏目能

有效缩短我们学校不同年级和部门之间的距离。积累

social

distance社交距离within

walking

distance步行可达的距离emotional

distance情感上的疏远from

a

safe

distance从安全的距离

potential

n.潜力；可能性adj.潜在的练通

单句语法填空/完成句子①Our

new

project

has

the

potential

（do）

a

lot

of

good

for

the

local

community

by

creating

jobs.②A

supportive

environment

is

crucial

for

children

to

grow

and

⁠

⁠.一个支持性的环境对于孩子们的成长和发挥全部潜力至关重要。③A

great

teacher

can

help

hidden

within

every

student.一位优秀的老师可以帮助发掘每个学生内在的潜力。to

do

reach

their

full

potential

unlock

the

potential

写美

微写作④Before

hiking，

you

should

always

⁠

like

sudden

weather

changes

or

wild

animals.在徒步旅行之前，你应该时刻警惕潜在的危险，比如突然的天气变化

或野生动物。be

aware

of

potential

dangers

用法have

the

potential

to

do

sth

有潜力做某事reach

one’s

full

potential

发挥全部潜力unlock

potential

发掘潜力potential

customer/danger

潜在客户/危险佳句

①AI

has

the

potential

to

reshape

education

systems

by

personalizing

learning

experiences.人工智能通过个性化学习体验，有潜力重塑教育体系。②In

that

moment

of

quiet

reflection，

he

finally

saw

the

potential

for

a

deeper

connection

with

his

brother，

one

built

on

empathy

rather

than

pride.在那静静反思的时刻，他终于看到了与哥哥建立更深层次联系的可能

性，一种建立在同理心而非骄傲之上的联系。

indicate

v.表明，显示；象征，暗示→indication

n.迹象；标示练通

单句语法填空/完成句子①The

strange

readings

were

an

（indicate）

that

the

spacecraft’s

sensor

was

malfunctioning.②The

astronaut

used

a

hand

gesture

⁠.宇航员用手势表示他已经准备好了。indication

to

indicate

that

he

was

ready

写美

微写作③The

slight

softening

in

his

eyes

was

⁠

⁠.他眼中微微的柔和是第一个迹象，表明我的道歉已经触动了他的心。the

first

indication

that

my

apology

had

reached

his

heart

用法indicate

that

...

表明……an

indication

of/that

...

……的迹象佳句

Choosing

this

topic

would

indicate

a

shared

desire

among

students

for

more

light-hearted

and

engaging

content.选择这个话题将表明学生们共同渴望更轻松、更有趣的内容。积累

a

clear

indication明确的迹象indicate

a

preference

for表明对……的偏好

locate

v.找出……的准确位置；确定……的准确地点→located

adj.

位于，坐落在→location

n.位置；定位；地点；地方练通

单句语法填空①The

team’s

primary

mission

is

（locate）

a

suitable

landing

site

for

the

rover.②The

exact

（locate）

of

the

new

observatory

has

not

yet

been

decided.to

locate

location

写美

微写作③The

emergency

assembly

point

⁠

⁠.紧急集合点设在学校的正门口。is

located

at

the

main

gate

of

the

school

用法locate

the

source

of

找到……的源头be

located

in/at/on

坐落于……佳句

The

“Guess

who

I

am”

column

would

be

a

fun

way

for

students

to

locate

and

connect

with

peers

they

don’t

know

yet.

（2025·全国一卷）“猜猜我是谁”栏目将是一个有趣的方式，让学生们找到并联系他们

还不认识的同龄人。

写作靓词——读后续写小妙招sink

vi.（sank/sunk，sunk）沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没佳句背诵①David

had

only

gone

a

few

metres

before

he

tripped

and

fell

flat

on

the

ground，

which

made

my

heart

sink.大卫只走了几米就绊了一跤，倒在地上，这使我的心沉了下去。②My

heart

was

beating

fast

and

then

I

sank

into

disappointment

as

my

name

was

not

in

the

list.我的心跳加速，然后我陷入了失望，因为我的名字不在名单上。靓句写作

She

watched

him

go

⁠.她心情沉重地看着他走了。with

a

sinking

heart

敲黑板

①sink

into/down

陷入；（缓缓）坐下②spirits

sink

情绪低落③a

sinking

feeling

沮丧感④sink

in

despair

陷入绝望写作佳句——应用文写作与读后续写佳句仿写

句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句点拨该句型中，祈使句表示一个条件，and连接一个表示结果的陈述

句。它相当于一个省略了if的条件句（If

you

...，

you

will

...），语

气更直接、有力，常用于提出建议或说明一个必然的结果。背诵

①Embrace

challenges

with

a

positive

attitude，

and

you

will

discover

your

true

potential.

（个人成长）以积极的态度拥抱挑战，你就会发现自己真正的潜力。②Be

kind

to

others，

and

you

will

earn

their

respect

and

friendship.

（人际交往）善待他人，你就会赢得他们的尊重和友谊。仿写

①听从官方的指导，你就能在灾难中保持安全。

，

and

you

will

remain

safe

during

the

disaster.②每天再多练习一点，你的英语口语就会有很大进步。Practice

a

little

more

every

day，

⁠

⁠.Follow

the

official

instructions

and

your

spoken

English

will

improve

greatly

Ⅰ.多义词汇赏句猜义，选出加蓝单词的正确意思1.

alienA.

n.外星人（生物）

B.n.外国人；外侨

C.

adj.陌生的；性质不同的①The

science

fiction

novel

describes

a

friendly

alien

visiting

Earth

from

a

distant

galaxy.

⁠A

②The

customs

and

traditions

of

the

tribe

were

completely

alien

to

the

explorers.

⁠③As

a

legal

alien，

she

was

required

to

report

her

address

to

the

government

every

year.

⁠C

B

2.

launchA.

v.发射B.v.发起（活动）

C.

v.使（新产品）上市

D.n.（新产品的）推出①The

space

agency

is

preparing

to

launch

a

rocket

to

Mars

next

month.

⁠②The

successful

launch

of

their

new

product

led

to

a

significant

increase

in

sales.

⁠③The

government

will

launch

a

national

campaign

against

smoking.

⁠④Apple

will

launch

its

latest

iPhone

model

in

September.

⁠A

D

B

C

3.

currentA.

n.（水、气）流B.

n.电流C.

adj.当前的①The

strong

current

in

the

river

made

it

dangerous

for

swimming.

⁠②It

is

important

to

stay

informed

about

current

events

happening

around

the

world.

⁠③A

sudden

power

surge

caused

a

strong

electrical

current

that

damaged

the

equipment.

⁠A

C

B

4.

signA.

n.迹象；征兆B.n.标志；招牌C.

v.签署；签名

D.v.示意；打手势①Dark

clouds

in

the

sky

are

often

a

sign

of

an

approaching

storm.

⁠②He

signed

for

the

waiter

to

bring

the

bill.

⁠③You

must

sign

the

contract

before

the

agreement

can

be

official.

⁠④The

traffic

sign

clearly

indicated

that

drivers

should

not

turn

left.

⁠A

D

C

B

Ⅱ.构词法构词法词根graph＝write写，记录写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义1.

Before

phones，

people

sent

messages

using

telegraph

systems

across

long

distances.

⁠2.

The

famous

actor

signed

his

autograph

for

excited

fans

outside

the

theater.

⁠3.

The

book

contains

colorful

graphic

illustrations

that

help

explain

scientific

concepts

effectively.

⁠n.电报

n.亲笔签名

adj.图形的

4.

We

study

world

geography

to

learn

about

different

countries

and

their

cultures.

⁠5.

Modern

typography

makes

books

and

websites

easier

to

read

and

more

attractive.

⁠6.

She

practices

calligraphy

every

day

to

improve

her

beautiful

handwriting

skills

significantly.

⁠n.地理

n.版面设计

n.书法

主题写作提能

应用文写作（议论文——探索太空的利弊）根据提示，用本主题词汇和句式完成下面的写作。假定你是李华，你校英文报征稿讨论探索太空的利弊。请你写一

篇短文参与讨论，内容包括：（1）你的观点；（2）说明理由。注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式作答。

Space

exploration

is

a

topic

that

sparks

both

excitement

and

debate.Let’s

examine

its

pros

and

cons.

完成作文

Space

exploration

is

a

topic

that

sparks

both

excitement

and

debate.Let’s

examine

its

pros

and

cons.

On

the

positive

side，

space

exploration

1.

⁠

（有潜力推动技术进步和科学发现）.For

example，

telescopes

2.

⁠

（经常位于偏远地区）

to

observe

stars

3.

⁠

（在远处），

which

can

lead

to

breakthroughs.has

the

potential

to

drive

technological

advancements

and

scientific

discoveries

are

often

located

in

remote

areas

in

the

distance

Moreover，

explore

space

and

4.

⁠

（你将解锁新的资源和知识）.On

the

negative

side，

however，

governments

often

5.

⁠

（指示科学家执行危险任务），

and

we

must

6.

⁠

（为大量资金和安全措施做安排），

which

might

divert

resources

from

other

needs.

In

conclusion，

while

space

exploration

offers

great

opportunities，

it

requires

careful

balance

to

maximize

benefits

and

minimize

risks.you

will

unlock

new

resources

and

knowledge

instruct

scient