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衔接点07主谓一致(初高衔接点及差异)

/--------------[HHHH.

(学习要求J

初中阶段高中阶段

语法一致原则:主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持高中“主谓一致”主要学习句中主语的人称和数

一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形的变化外,还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变

式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。化。主要从并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致和单一主

意义一致原则:意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动语情况下对谓语的要求,以及其他一些特殊情况下的

词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。主谓一致。

衔接指引

初中阶段考查形式:侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用,多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。

高中阶段考查形式:注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解,更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。

[知识黑1

【初中主谓一致考点聚焦】

1.ThereabasketballmatchbetweenClassOneandClassThreetomorrow.

A.isgoingtobeB.willhaveC.aregoingtobeD.isgoingtohave

2.—Eitheryouorhegoingtoplanttrees(hisSundayinthevillage.

—Yes.It'sagreatideatoprotectthelocalenvironment.

A.areB.isC.wereD.be

3.beanewexhibitionaboutAItechnologyat(hesciencemuseumnextmonth.

A.ThereisB.TherewillC.ItwillD.Thereare

4.Youdon'tneedtotakeanycash(现金)whenshopping.YoumaypaybyAlipay(支付宝)

WeChat(微信).

A.either;orB.neither;norC.not;butD.between;and

5.thestudentsinourschoolisaboutthreethousand.Look!themarcplantingtrees.

A.Anumberof;ThenumberofB.Anumberof;Anumberof

C.Thenumberof;ThenumberofD.Thenumberof;Anumberof

6.Justremembersuccessfailureisyourfinalresult.Theyarcjustpartsofyourlife.

A.both;andB.notonly;butalsoC.either;orD.neither;nor

7.-Tom.aswellashisfriends.interestedinrobotics.

—Theyoftenbuildmodelstogether.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

8.ThesetofkeysTina'sandthefamilywatchingTV.

A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is

9.MyfamilyalwaysdumplingstogetherduringtheSpringFestival.

A.makeB.makesC.makingD.ismaking

10.TheSmithssupperatsevenlastnight.

A.washavingB.werehavingC.ishavingD.arehaving

【高中主谓一致考点聚焦】

、课标解读^=

在英语表达中,句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,我们称之为“主谓一致要做到主

谓一致,除了要考虑外,还要考虑到。

典型例句:1.EitherheorIamwrong.不是他错了,就是我错J’。

2.ThesingeranddancerconiesfromShanghai.那位歌舞演员来自上海。

3.Anumberofstudentslikeplayingfootball.许多学生喜欢踢足球。

^=.考点清单

一、主谓一致核心原则

主谓一致主要遵循三大原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。

语法一致:依据主语的单复数形式来确定谓语动词的单亚数形式。例如:“Thegirlreadsabook."(女孩读

书。)“Girlsreadbooks."(女孩们读书。)

意义一致:谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的实际意义。例如:"Tendollarsisenoughforthis

purchase."(十美元足以用于这次购买。)虽主语叮endollars”是复数形式,但表达的是一笔钱的整体概念,

故谓语用单数。

就近一致:谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。多出现在由

"either…or…”"neither…nor...”"notonly...butalso...”等连接的句子中。例如:“Eitheryouorheisgoingtothe

party"(要么你去参加聚会,要么他去。)

二、常见主谓一致情况归纳

(一)、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致

,由and连接主语时

不同人/物一复数:若并列主语表示不同个体,谓语动词用复数。

例:LiMingandZhangHuaarcgoodstudents.(李明和张华是好学生。)

Bolhriceandwheataregrownhere.(这里种植水稻和小麦。)

同一人/物一单数:若并列主语指同一人或整体概念,谓语动词用单数。

例:Theprofessorandwriterisspeaking.(这位教授兼作家在发言。)

Fishandchipsisapopulardish.(炸鱼薯条是一道受欢迎的菜。)

必背:常被视为一个整体的“AandB”结构

acupandsaucer一副杯碟ahorseandcart马车

aknifeandfork一副刀叉alawandrule法规

aneedleandthread一套针线fishandchips炸鱼加炸等条

cacli/every修饰单数:并列主语前有each,every,manya等修饰时,谓语动词用单数。

例:Eachdoctorandnursewasaskedtohelp.(每位医护人员都被要求提供帮助。)

Manyastudenthasmadethismistake.(许多学生犯过这个错误。)

/由or/neither...nor等连接主语时

就近一致原则:谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。

例:EitheryouorJaneistogo.(要么你去,要么简去。)

Neithertheteachernorthestudentslikethemusic.(老师和学生都不喜欢这首曲子。)

由eithcr...or,neither...nor,or,notonly...but(also)...连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一•致原则,

即与最靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。

AorB(A或B.......)

(不是就是)

EitherAorBAB.......谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保

持一致,在陈述句中与B保持一致,在疑问

NeitherAnorB(A和B都不...)

句中与A保持一致。

No!onlyAbutalsoB(不仅A.......而且

B.)

(二)、单一主语的主谓一致

,以复数形式结尾的名的

学科名词t单数:physics,mathematics等学科名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

例:Physicsisafundamentalsubject.(物理是一门基础学科。)

两部分组成的物体一复数:trousers,scissors等词单独作主语时用复数,但若被pair等单位词修饰,则由单

位词决定单复数。

例:Mytrousersarcwhite.(我的裤子是白色的。)

Apairofscissorsisinthedrawer.(抽屉里有一把剪刀。)

由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

chopsticks筷子compasses圆规glasses眼镜gloves手套

jeans牛仔裤pants裤子(美国英语)scissors剪子shoes鞋

shorts短裤socks短袜trousers裤子,长裤(英国英语)

/集体集词

强调整体一单数:family,team等词强调整体时用单数。

例:ThefamilyismovingtoNewYork.(这家人要搬到纽约。)

强调个体一复数:若强调成员,谓语动词用复数。

例:Thefamilyhavedifferentopinions.(这家人意见不一。)

切记:以下是一些以-S结尾的名词,它们作主语时,谓语用复数形式。

belongings财产clothes衣服earnings收入goods货物leavings剩余savings储蓄

/非谓语动词或从句作主语

单数原则:不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

例:Swimmingisgoodforhealth.1游泳有益健康。)

Whathesaidremainsamystery.(他的话仍是个谜。)

多概念一复数:若多个非谓语动词表示不同概念,谓语动词用复数。

例:Readingandwritingareessentialskills.(阅读和写作是基本技能。)

(三)、其他情况的主谓一致

/表示距离、时间等的复数名词

整体概念一单数:Fivedollarsseemsfair.(五美元听起来合理。)

强调数目-♦复数:Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.(100美分等于I美元。)

,不定代定作同语

单数原则:everyone,something等不定代词作主语时,谓语动说用单数。

例:Everyonewassurprisedatthenews.(所有人都对消息感到惊讶。)

/分数/百分数+of…结构

of后名词决定单复数:

例:Twothirdsofthestudentssupporttheplan.(三分之二的学生支持计划。)

Threefourthsoftheearthiswater.(地球四分之三是水。)

/there/here引导的句子

就近一致:谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。

例:Thereisabookandtwopens.(有一本书和两支笔。)

Herearcsomegiftsforyou.(这些是给你的礼物。)

/--------------EHHHH.

(对点集训J

一、选择题

1.Neithertheteachernor(hestudentsthismovie.

A.likesB.likeC.liking

2.Thenumberofstudentsintheclass30.

A.isB.areC.be

3.Eachofthegirlsapresent.

A.hasB.haveC.had

4.Eitheryouorhetotheparty.

A.areinvitedB.isinvited

C.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited

5.ThefamilywatchingTVinthelivingroomnow.

A.IsB.areC.wereD.was

6.Mathematicsadifficultsubjectformanystudents.

A.AreB.isC.wereD.was

7.Alotoftimeandeffortintotheproject.

A.hasbeenputB.havebeenputC.isputD.areput

8.ofthesludenlsinourclassgoodatEnglish.

A.Twothirds;arcB.Twothird;isC.Twothirds;isD.Twothird;are

二、改错题

1.Thefamilyisarguingabouttheirholidayplans.

2.Threekilometersarenotfarforarunner.

三、翻译题

1.不仅学生们,老师也喜欢这个活动。

2.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

(综合演练J

一.单句语法填空

1.Since2016whenthecompany(found),ChopValuehasrescuedbillionsofchopsticksfromlandfills.

2.Theformationofeachceladon(be)aprocessoflifecasting.Onlyafterbeingburntataround1300℃

for400hourscanitbemadeintoanobject.

3.What(make)peoplemovedisnot(hefilmitselfbuttheheroesofthewaryears.

4.However,associety(progress),therapidriseinincomesandhigherlivingstandardswillseemore

Chinesesearchingforexperiencesthatareanythingbuttraditional.

5.Whilewccan'tguardagainstallmisfortunesanddiseases,gettingtoknowsomefirstaidskills(be)

quiteuseful.

6.Readingarticlesandshortposts(play)animportantroleinintegratingknowledgeandachievements.

7.0nthatday,there(be)lotsofconventionalcelebrationactivities.

8.Forinstance,chess(recognize)asasportbytheInternationalOlympicCommitteein1999.

9.IlcanbeemployedtocreateartworksandrealisticallyreproduceallkindsofChinesecalligraphyandpaintings.

Amongthefamousprints(be)“NightRevelsofHanXizai”.

10.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,(regard)asoneofthebestall-round

formsofexercise.

二、语法选择

Afternearlyfiveyearsofconstruction(建设),theBeijingDaxingInternationalAirportIonSept.25,

2019.Fiveyears2reallynotalongtimeforbuildingsuchabigairport.SeatedinthesouthofBeijing,itis

theworld'slargesttransportationhub(枢纽).TheGuardianlisteditasoneofthe“sevenwondersofthemodern

world”.

Gardens

There3fivegardensattheendoffiveboarding(登机)gates.Attheendofthenorthernboardinggate

4_theChinesegarden.ThereareChinese-stylebuildingsinit.Peoplecanhangoutinthegardenwhilewaiting

fortheirflights.

Flightterminal

Theairportisverylarge.Ithas(heworld'slargestflightterminal(航站楼)inasinglebuilding.Thebuilding

5_anareaof700,000squaremeters—thesizeof98soccerfields.Thenumberofpassengershereeachyear_6

more(han100million.Theterminallookslikeastarfish.Thedistancebetweenthecentralareaand(hefarthest

boardinggate7600meters.Itonly8eightminutestowalkbetweenthetwo.

Parkinglot

Theparkinglotisinthesouthernpartoftheairport.It'sclosetotheflightterminal.Arobot-operatedparking

system9used.Afterdrivers10theircars,robotswillliftthecarsandcanythemtoanopenparking

space.Whencollecting(领取)theircars,driverscanusetheirparkingticketstogetinformationonwheretofind

theircars.

l.A.isopenB.areopenC.wasopenD.wereopen

2.A.isB.areC.wasD.were

3.A.isB.areC.wasD.wcrc

4.A.isB.areC.wasD.were

5.A.haveB.hasC.wilihaveD.had

6.A.isB.areC.wasD.were

7.A.isB.areC.wasD.were

8.A.takeB.takesC.spendD.spends

9.A.isB.areC.wasD.wcrc

10.A.parkB.parksC.wiliparkD.parked

三、阅读理解

Sometimeago,mostpeoplewouldhavefoundithardtoimagineaworldwhereyoucouldsendasmall

picturetosomeoneanditwouldbeagoodwaytorespond.Butteday,emojis(表情符号)areeveiywherein

communication,andmanypeoplethinktheyareanewformoflanguage.

Thefirstemojisweremadein1999byaJapaneseartist.Hewasworkingforamobilenetworkcompany.

Thecompanyaskedhimtocreateasetofemojistousewhentheylaunched(发布)theirmobileInternetsystem.

Messagesonthesystemwerelimitedto250characters,sohethoughtemojiswouldheanexpeditiouswayfor

peopletocommunicate,whichmadeonlinetalkseasyandquick.

Atthattime,peoplewerealreadyusing“emoticons“intheirconversations.Thesearesimplefacesmade

usingcharactersonakeyboard.Forexample,acolonandarightparenthesis—:)—makeabasicsmileyface.The

artisttookthisideaandmadeitbetterbycreating176black-and-whitepixelimagestoshowthingslikeemotions,

weather,andfood.Thissetofemojisisnowpartofthepermanent(永久的)collectionatNewYorkCity's

MuseumofModernArt.

TheartistsaidhewasinspiredbysymbolsusedinweatherforecastsandChinesecharacters.Thewordemoji

isacombinationoftwoJapanesewords:ewhichmeanspicture,andmojiwhichmeanscharacter.Theartistsaidhe

neverthoughtemojiswouldbecomesopopulararoundtheworld.

Buttheydid—andithappenedquickly.Othercompanies:nJapanstartedusingemojistoo,andbythe

mid-2000s,internationalcompaniesbeganincludingthemintheirsystems.In2010,emojiswereofficially

recognizedbytheUnicodeConsortium,anorganizationthatkeepstextstandardsinsoftware.Thismeantemojis

couldbeusedonanyoperatingsystem.

Today,theUnicodeConsortiumhasapproved(认方「)over3,700emojis,showingdifferentmoods,animals,

food,flags,andmore.Andjustlikeanyotherlanguage,emojiskeepgrowing,withnewonesaddedeveryyear.

1.Whywerethefirstemojiscreated?

A.Toreplaceemoticons.B.Tocreateanewformofart.

C.Tocompetewithothercompanies.D.TopromoteanewmobileInternetsystem.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expeditious“inparagraph2closelyreferto?

A.virtual.B.thought-provoking.C.efficient.D.accessible.

3.Whatinspiredtheartisttocreateemojis?

A.Modernartandtechnology.B.Internationaltravelexperiences.

C.Popularmoviesandtelevisionshows.D.WeathersymbolsandChinesecharaclers.

4.Whatdocsthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.TheStoryOfEmojis.B.TheWayToUseEmojis.

C.TheHistoryOfEmoticons.D.TheStoryAboutAJapanese

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