新编MBA英语综合教程（第二版）课件汇 Unit 6-10 Leadership - Cross-Cultural Issues

Unit

SixLeadershipLead-inA.Readthefollowingpassageforinformationaboutleadership.Itisacommonbeliefthatmanagementandleadershiparethesamerole.Whileitiscommonthatamanageralsoplaysthepartoftheleader,thesetworolesaretrulyseparateinfunctionandinthewaytheyaddtothesuccessofanorganization.Byunderstandingthedifferencebetweenmanagementandleadershipyouwillbecomemoreeffectiveinhelpingothersseetheroadahead.leadership

[ˑliːdəʃɪp]n.领导力management

[ˑmænɪdʒmənt]n.经营，管理ItiscommonlybelievedTounderstandthedifferencebetweenmanagementandleadership,considertheconstructionofanewroad.Tobuildthatroadthereareworkers,machineryandtoolswhichareallvitalintheroad’sconstruction.Managershelpensurethoseworkers,machineryandtoolsworktogetherinthemostefficientwaypossible.Amanagermakessurethoseworkersarewell-trained,motivated,restedandthattheyknowwhatthey’resupposedtodonext.construction[kənˑstrʌkʃən]n.建造leadership

[ˑliːdəʃɪp]n.领导力management

[ˑmænɪdʒmənt]n.经营，管理ArtificialNecessityThemanagerdoesthesamethingwiththetoolsandthemachinerytomakesurethatthey’reworkingcorrectlyandthattheworkersareabletousethemefficientlyandsafely.Thisistheroleofmanagement.Ontheotherhand,aleadermakessurethattheroadisgoingintherightdirectionbeforetheconstructionbegins.Thatleaderalsomonitorsconditionsinnewsituationstoensurethattheroadunderconstructionisstillthecorrectoneandisstillgoingintherightdirection.construction[kənˑstrʌkʃən]n.建造management

[ˑmænɪdʒmənt]n.经营，管理monitor[ˑmɔnitə]v.监控Howdoesthisaffectyouasaleader?Areyouspendingyourtimemanagingpeoplewhenyoushouldbemakingsurethattheroadaheadistheonethatyouwanttobeon?Toexpecttobeaneffectiveleaderyoumustpresentaclearvisionandatrailyouarewillingtowalkonfirst.vision[ˑvɪʒən]n.远见，洞察力Whiletherearetimeswhenitisappropriateforaleadertofillamanagementrole,itisvitaltounderstandthedifferencebetweenleadershipandmanagementsoyoucanbeeffectivenomatterwhichroleyouhappentobefillingatagiventime.Ifyouarealeaderoverseeingmanagers,itisimportantthatyouprovidethemwiththecorrectperspectivesotheymaybeeffectiveintheirmanagementrole.Don’tmanagethemanagers.Leadthem.leadership

[ˑliːdəʃɪp]n.领导力management

[ˑmænɪdʒmənt]n.经营，管理oversee[ˌəʊvəˑsiː]v.看管，监督perspective[pəˑspektɪv]n.观点，看法Ifyouarenotinaformalleadershiprole,itisalsoimportantthatyouunderstandthatwhenaleadershipopportunityarisesthereisadifferencebetweenbeingaleaderandmanagingtheeffort.Evenifyouendupfillingbothsetsofshoesit’simportanttounderstandthedifferenceinrolesinordertofillthemeffectively.If,ontheotherhand,youlearnhowtoleadbyshowingpeoplethatyouarewalkingdowntherightroad,youwillbecomeanaturalleaderandwillbeabletohelpmanyothersfindsuccessasyouachieveyourown.leadership

[ˑliːdəʃɪp]n.领导力B.Trytoanswerthefollowingquestionsaboutleadershipbriefly.1.Inwhichtwowaysaretherolesofaleaderandamanagertrulyseparate?Key:Thetworolesaretrulyseparateinfunctionandinthewaytheyaddtothesuccessofanorganization.2.Whatistheroleofaleaderwhentheconstructionofanewroadistakenasanexample?3.Whatmustyoupresentifyouexpecttobeaneffectiveleader?Key:Aleadermakessurethattheroadisgoingintherightdirectionbeforetheconstructionbegins.Thatleaderalsomonitorsconditionsinnewsituationstoensurethattheroadunderconstructionisstillthecorrectoneandisstillgoingintherightdirection.Key:Tobeaneffectiveleaderyoumustpresentaclearvisionandatrailyouarewillingtowalkonfirst.4.Whatshouldyouprovideifyouarealeaderoverseeingmanagers?

5.Howcanyoubecomeanaturalleaderwhoisabletohelpmanyothersfindsuccessasyouachieveyourown?Key:Ifyouarealeaderoverseeingmanagers,itisimportantthatyouprovidethemwiththecorrectperspectivesotheymaybeeffectiveintheirmanagementrole.Key:Ifyoulearnhowtoleadbyshowingpeoplethatyouarewalkingdowntherightroad,youwillbecomeanaturalleaderandwillbeabletohelpmanyothersfindsuccessasyouachieveyourown.C.Workinpairsanddescribetoeachotherthebestleaderyouhaveknownorhavebeenadmiring.Howhasthisleaderdemonstratedhis/herleadership?Givesomeexamples.IntensiveReading

TransformationalLeadershipStart-upquestionTransformationalleadershipisconcernedaboutfollowerstoimprovetheirmotivation,moraleandperformance.Whatdoyouthinkofthiskindofleadership?▶transformational

[ˌtrænsfəˑmeiʃənəl]a.转换的，变革的Itcanbeharnessed,gatheredandusedasanincrediblytransformationaltool.我们可以控制，收集和使用它。它是一个神奇的转换工具。▶enact[iˑnækt]

v.颁布，制定SuccessivegovernmentsinIndiahavepromisedtoenactananti-corruptionlawbutfailedtodoso.历届印度政府都保证要制定一项反腐败法律，可是都没有做到。▶authentic[ɔ:ˑθentik]a.真正的，真实的Itnowappearsthatpeopleinthesenations,likepeopleinallnations,havemultipleauthenticselves.现在看来，与所有国家的人民一样，这些国家的人民具有多元化的真实的自我。idiomatic▶morale

[mɔˑrɑ:l]

n.斗志，士气Manypilotsaresufferingfromlowmorale.很多飞行员现在士气低落。▶align

[əˑlain]

v.使结盟Whenwarbrokeout,theyalignedthemselveswiththerebelforces.战争爆发以后，他们与叛军结了盟。▶optimize

[ˑɔptimaiz]v.优化ThenewsystemshavebeenoptimizedforrunningMicrosoftWindows.新系统已经被优化，以便运行微软视窗系统。▶differentiation[ˌdifərenʃiˑeiʃən]n.区别，区分Thedifferentiationbetweenthetwoproductrangeswillincrease.这两个产品系列之间的差别将会加大。▶transactional[trænˑzækʃnəl]a.交易型的，事务型的Transactionalkiosks,asarule,requirenospecialenticementstoattractusers.交易型信息亭无须特别地吸引使用者,这是一条原则。▶aspiration

[ˌæspəˑreiʃən]n.志气，抱负Heisunlikelytosendinthearmytoquellnationalistaspirations.他不可能派兵去扼杀民族主义理想。▶trait

[treit]n.特性，特征Thestudyfoundthatsomealcoholicshadclearpersonalitytraitsshowingupearlyinchildhood.这项研究发现一些酗酒者早在孩童时就表现出明显的个性特征。▶idealized

[aɪˑdɪəlˌaɪzd]

a.理想化的Menwanttolookliketheidealizedmendepictedinadvertisements.男人们希望自己看上去像广告中描绘的那种理想化男人。▶mutually[ˑmju:tʃuəli]

ad.相互地Notethatdifferentusersofthesystemhavedifferentgoals,andthatthesegoalsareoftenmutuallyexclusive.请注意系统的不同用户有不同的目标，而且这些目标经常是相互排斥的。▶exclusive

[ikˑsklu:siv]

a.独有的，排外的ManyoftheircheesesareexclusivetoourstoresinBritain.在英国，他们生产的奶酪很多只在我们商店出售。▶admiration

[ˌædməˑreiʃən]

n.钦佩，赞美Theteamfeltgreatadmirationforthecoach.队员们都非常钦佩教练。▶loyalty

[ˑlɔiəlti]

n.忠诚，忠实Ihaveswornanoathofloyaltytothemonarchy.我已经发誓效忠君主制。▶idealized

[aɪˑdɪəlˌaɪzd]

a.理想化的Menwanttolookliketheidealizedmendepictedinadvertisements.男人们希望自己看上去像广告中描绘的那种理想化男人。▶charisma

[kəˑrizmə]

n.魅力，非凡的领导力Hehasneitherthepoliciesnorthepersonalcharismatoinspirepeople.他既没有谋略也没有个人魅力去鼓舞人。▶statusquo

[ˌsteɪtəsˈkwəʊ]现状Wemustnotreturntothestatusquo.我们决不能恢复原状。currentstatus▶simultaneously

[ˌsɪmlˑteɪnɪəslɪ]

ad.同时地Theeventwillbetelecastsimultaneouslytonearly150cities.这一盛事将向近150个城市同时进行电视广播。Interprettheworld诠释世界Translatethefuture成就未来▶managerial

[ˌmæniˑdʒiəriəl]

a.管理的Webelievethatthisisageneralmodelofmanagerialactivity.我们认为这可以作为管理活动的普遍范例。▶mentor

[ˑmentɔ:]

n.指导者，良师益友LeonSullivanwasmymentorandmyfriend.利昂·沙利文既是我的导师，也是我的朋友。▶empathy

[ˑempəθi]

n.同情，同感Havingbegunmylifeinachildren'shome,Ihavegreatempathywiththelittleones.由于从小生活在儿童福利院，我对小家伙们产生了强烈的共鸣。▶encompass

[inˑkʌmpəs]

v.包含，包括HisrepertoireencompassedeverythingfromBachtoSchoenberg.他的表演曲目从巴赫到勋伯格，样样俱全。▶intrinsic

[inˑtrinsik]a.本质的，固有的Diamondshavelittleintrinsicvalueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.钻石没有多少内在价值，它们的价格几乎完全取决于其稀有程度。▶solicit

[səˑlisit]

v.请求，征求He'salreadysolicitedtheirsupportonhealthcarereform.他已经请求他们给予医疗保健改革方面的支持。▶nurture

[ˑnə:tʃə]

v.养育，培养Parentswanttoknowthebestwaytonurtureandraisetheirchildtoadulthood.父母们想了解把他们的孩子养育成人的最好方法。▶inspirational

[ɪnspɪˑreɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l]a.鼓舞人心的，带有灵感的Gandhiwasaninspirationalfigure.甘地是一位有感召力的人物。▶visionary

[ˑviʒənəri]a.withtheabilitytoimaginehowacountry,society,industry,etc.willdevelopinthefuture眼光；远见；眼力avisionaryauthor有远见的作者visionarythinking前瞻性思维▶ethical

[ˑeθikəl]

a.伦理的，道德的Herbehaviorisalientoourethicalvalues.她的行为和我们的伦理标准格格不入。▶instill

[inˑstil]

v.逐渐灌输Theytriedtoinstillsuchnewideasintostudents’minds.他们努力将这些新观念灌输到学生的头脑中去。▶multifactor

[ˑmʌltɪˌfæktə]

a.多种因素的Inmultifactorauthentication,theauthenticityofanidentityisverifiedandvalidatedusingmorethanonevalidationmechanism.在多因素身份验证中，使用多种检验机制检查身份的真实性。▶MultifactorLeadershipQuestionnaire多因素领导行为问卷ThispaperreportsastudyinvestigatingthepsychometricpropertiesoftheMultifactorLeadershipQuestionnaireamongnurses.这篇论文报道了在护士群体中，多因素领导行为问卷的心理测量学特性的研究。▶primitive

[ˑprimitiv]

a.原始的，简单的Primitivemanhuntedwildanimalswithcrudestoneimplements.原始社会的人用粗糙的石器猎取野兽。▶charismatic

[ˌkærɪzˑmætɪk]

a.超凡魅力的，神赐能力的Withherstrikinglooksandcharismaticpersonality,shewasnoticedfarandwide.她以出众的相貌和富有魅力的个性而闻名遐迩。▶subsequent

[ˑsʌbsɪkw(ə)nt]

a.后来的，随后的Thoseconcernswereovershadowedbysubsequentevents.随后发生的事使之前所关注的那些问题显得无足轻重。▶attribution

[ˌætriˑbju:ʃən]

n.性能，属性theactofsayingorthinkingthatsomethingistheresultorworkofaparticularpersonorthingIntime,thisrepetitiveattributionofaparticularsymbolicvaluetocertainsocialactionsbecameassumedasnormative.▶validation

[ˌvæliˑdeiʃən]n.确认，有效性Thisvalidationprocessensuresthatthedataconformstoacceptableformats.这一确认过程可以保证这些数据符合认可的格式。▶validity

[vəˑlidəti]

n.正确，正当Heisthenmoregenerouslydisposedtoadmitthevalidityofopposingviews.他那时更愿意大度地承认反方观点的正确性。▶reliability

[rɪˌlaɪəˑbɪləti]n.可靠程度，可靠性Icanassureyouofthereliabilityoftheinformation.我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。▶viability

[ˌvaɪəˑbɪlətɪ]

n.可行性AndfinallyI'lldiscusstheviabilityoftheproject.最后我要谈谈这一项目的可行性。▶decisiveness

[dɪˑsaɪsɪvnəs]

n.果断Hissupportersadmirehisdecisiveness.他的支持者欣赏他的果决。▶implementation

[ɪmplɪmenˑteɪʃ(ə)n]

n.实现，履行Detailedimplementationoftheplanswaslefttotheregionaloffices.这些计划由各地区办事处来具体执行。Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothearticle.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatistransformationalleadership?Key：Transformationalleadershipisdefinedasaleadershipapproachthatcauseschangeinindividualsandsocialsystems.Enactedinitsauthenticform,transformationalleadershipenhancesthemotivation,moraleandperformanceoffollowersthroughavarietyofmechanisms.Answerthefollowingquestionaccordingtothearticle.Whatistheoriginoftransformingleadership?Key：In1978,JamesMacGregorBurnsfirstintroducedtheconceptof‘transformingleadership’inhisdescriptiveresearchonpoliticalleaders,butthistermisnowusedinorganizationalpsychologyaswell.Answerthefollowingquestionaccordingtothearticle.WhatisBass’sdevelopmentfortheconceptoftransformationalleadership?Key：BassaddedtotheinitialconceptsofBurns(1978)tohelpexplainhowtransformationalleadershipcouldbemeasured,aswellashowitimpactsfollowermotivationandperformance.Inaddition,thisleaderencouragesfollowerstocomeupwithnewanduniquewaystochallengethestatusquoandtoaltertheenvironmenttosupportbeingsuccessful.Finally,Basssuggestedthatleadershipcansimultaneouslydisplaybothtransformationalandtransactionalleadership.Answerthefollowingquestionaccordingtothearticle.Illustratethefourelementsoftransformationalleadershipbriefly.Key：Thefourelementsareindividualizedconsideration,intellectualstimulation,inspirationalmotivationandidealizedinfluence.Answerthefollowingquestionaccordingtothearticle.WhatdoesthecurrentversionoftheMLQForm5Xinclude?Key：ThecurrentversionoftheMLQForm5Xincludes36itemsthatarebrokendowninto9scaleswith4itemsmeasuringeachscale.CompletethefollowingsentencebyfillingeachofthemarkedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.___a___(变革型领导)isdefinedasaleadershipapproachthatcauses___b___(变化)inindividualsandsocialsystems.key:a.Transformationalleadershipb.changeCompletethefollowingsentencesbyfillingeachofthemarkedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.Burnsrelatedtothedifficultyin___a___(区别)between___b___(管理)andleadershipandclaimedthatthedifferencesareincharacteristicsandbehaviors.Unlikeinthe___a___(交易的)approach,itisnotbasedona"giveandtake"relationship,butontheleader'spersonality,___b___(特性)andabilitytomakeachangethroughexample,articulationofanenergizingvisionandchallenginggoals.key:a.differentiationb.managementkey:a.transactionalb.traitsCompletethefollowingpassagebyfillingeachofthemarkedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.Thefollowersofsuchleadersfeel___a___(钦佩),___b___(忠诚),trustandrespectfortheleaderandthesequalitiesinspirefollowerstoworkharderthanoriginallyexpected.Theleadertransformsand___a___(激起)followersthroughhisorheridealizedinfluence(earlierreferredtoascharisma),___b___(智力的)stimulationandindividualconsideration.key:a.admirationb.loyaltykey:

a.motivatesb.intellectualCompletethefollowingsentencewithonefunctionword.Enacted______itsauthenticform,transformationalleadershipenhancesthemotivation,moraleandperformanceoffollowersthroughavarietyofmechanisms.key:inCompletethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.JamesMacGregorBurnsfirstintroducedtheconceptof‘transformingleadership’inhisdescriptiveresearch______politicalleaders,butthistermisnowusedinorganizationalpsychologyaswell.Transformingleadersareidealized______thesensethattheyareamoralexemplarofworkingtowardsthebenefitoftheteam,organizationand/orcommunity.key:onkey:inCompletethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.Theextent_____whichaleaderistransformational,ismeasuredfirst,intermsofhisinfluenceonthefollowers.key:toCompletethefollowingsentencewithonefunctionword.Thefollowersaskquestions,thinkdeeplyaboutthingsandfigure_____betterwaystoexecutetheirtasks.key:outCompletethefollowingsentencewithonefunctionword.TheyalsosplitoutattributionsofleadershipassociatedwithIdealizedInfluenceandbehaviorsandactions______twoseparatescales.key:intoCompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChinesegiveninthebrackets.Transformationalleadershipisdefinedasaleadershipapproachthatcauses______（在个体和社会体制中引起变化）Enactedinitsauthenticform,transformationalleadership______（提升下属的动机、斗志和表现力）throughavarietyofmechanisms.Key：

changeinindividualsandsocialsystemskey：enhancesthemotivation,moraleandperformanceoffollowersCompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChinesegiveninthebrackets.Theseoutcomesoccurbecausethetransformationalleaderoffersfollowerssomethingmorethanjustworkingforpersonalgain;______（他们给下属鼓舞人心的任务和视野）andgivethemanidentity.Inaddition,______（领导鼓励其下属想一些新颖和独特的方法）tochallengethestatusquoandtoaltertheenvironmenttosupportbeingsuccessful.key:theyprovidefollowerswithaninspiringmissionandvisionkey:thisleaderencouragesfollowerstocomeupwithnewanduniquewaysCompletethefollowingsentencebytranslatingtheChinesegiveninthebrackets.______,andthereforearewillingtoinvestmoreeffortintheirtasks.（下属被鼓励，对未来乐观并且相信他们的能力）Key：

Thefollowersareencouragedandoptimisticaboutthefutureandbelieveintheirabilities.CompletethefollowingsentencebytranslatingtheChinesegiveninthebrackets.______（早期关于变革型领导模式的研究是有限的）,becausetheknowledgeinthisareawastooprimitiveforfindinggoodexamplesfortheitemsinthequestionnaire.Key：

EarlierresearchontransformationalleadershipwaslimitedTranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish.交易型领导者通常不会改变组织的文化模式，他们有既定的文化。相反，变革型领导者尝试去改变既定的文化模式。Key：Transactionalleadersusuallydonotstriveforculturalchangeintheorganizationbuttheyworkintheexistingculturewhiletransformationalleaderscantrytochangeorganizationalculture.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.领导者通过其理想化的影响力（之前被叫做魅力），智力激发以及个性化关怀，转变下属的想法并且激励他们。Key：Theleadertransformsandmotivatesfollowersthroughhisorheridealizedinfluence(earlierreferredtoascharisma),intellectualstimulationandindividualconsideration.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.领导者会设身处地为下属考虑，给他们支持和帮助，双方可以开放地交流，并且鼓励他们挑战自己。下属被鼓励，他们对未来乐观，也相信他们自己的能力，因此愿意付出更多的精力完成任务。Key：Theleadergivesempathyandsupport,keepscommunicationopenandplaceschallengesbeforethefollowers.Key：Thefollowersareencouragedandoptimisticaboutthefutureandbelieveintheirabilities,andthereforearewillingtoinvestmoreeffortintheirtasks.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Transformationalleadershipisdefinedasaleadershipapproachthatcauseschangeinindividualsandsocialsystems.Initsidealform,itcreatesvaluableandpositivechangeinthefollowerswiththeendgoalofdevelopingleadersfromfollowers.Enactedinitsauthenticform,transformationalleadershipenhancesthemotivation,moraleandperformanceoffollowersthroughavarietyofmechanisms.变革型领导模式会转换组织成员的观念和态度。理想地说，变革型领导理论把领导者和下属的角色相互联系起来，试图促使下属产生有价值的积极的转变，最终目标是从下属成为领导者。在实际情况中，变革型领导会通过一系列机制，提高下属的动力、志气和表现力。TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Theseincludeconnectingthefollower'ssenseofidentityandselftothemissionandthecollectiveidentityoftheorganization;beingarolemodelforfollowersthatinspiresthem;challengingfollowerstotakegreaterownershipfortheirwork,andunderstandingthestrengthsandweaknessesoffollowers,sotheleadercanalignfollowerswithtasksthatoptimizetheirperformance这些做法包括：把下属的身份感和自我意识同组织的使命及集体认同联系起来；以身作则，激励下属；要求下属对自己的工作承担更大的责任；了解下属的长处与短处，从而把下属与能最大程度发挥其绩效的任务相匹配。ExtendedReadingBookSummary:LeadersEatLast：WhySomeTeamsPullTogetherandOthersDon’tBySimonSinekDeanBokhariA.Questionsfordiscussion.1.Whatisyourunderstandingofempathyinleadership?

Empathyisacrucialcommoditythesedays.Itistheabilitytorecognizeorsharethefeelingsofanother.Inleadership,itisamongstoneofthebiggesthabitsyoucandevelopinordertocultivateyourCircleofSafety.2.Howcouldaleadermakeabalancebetweenindividualinterestandcollectiveinterest?Youcanillustratesomeexamples.Aleadershouldconsiderboththeindividualinterestandcollectiveinterest.Actually,theyarenotcontradictory.Aleadershouldthinkofabalancetorealizebothofthem.Forexample,acompanynamedBarry-Wehmillerwasinvolvedinafinancialcrisis.TheCEOofBarry-Wehmiller,BobChapman,refusedtolethispeoplegowhenhiscompanyhithardtimes.Heinstituteda“furlough”.Thepeopleinthecompanycametogetherasaunifiedteamtoseetoitthattheorganizationwouldmakeitthroughthetoughtimesandprosperonceagain.Thisisagoodexampleofmakingabalancebetweentwoofthem.3.Whatisyourpointofviewaboutthestatementthattheimpactofleadershipisbestjudgedovertime?Leadingforthelong-termisawin-win-winforeveryonebecauseshort-termfixes,thoughtheymayseemlikethebestdecisionsatthetime,arenothingmorethanashortsightedmeansofimmediategratification.Onecanfindtheimpactofleadershipoveralongperiod.Itisagradualprocesswitheffortsdaybyday.B.Preparea10-minutepresentationon“Thedeterminingfactorsofasuccessfulleader”anddeliveritintheclass.ListeningA.ListentothefirstpartofaninterviewwithNicolasBeau,theinternationaldirectorforwatchesatChanel.Fillintheblanksbelow.military

[ˑmilitəri]

a.军事的，军人的luxury

[ˑlʌkʃəri]n.奢侈品dedicated

[ˑdedikeitid]a.专注的，献身的exposure

[ikˑspəuʒə]

n.显露，暴露FamilyBackground

Iwasbornin1.______inNeuilly-sur-Seine.Myfatherwasfroma2.________familyandbecamean3.___________.EducationalBackgroundAfterhighschool,I4.__________theI.S.G.businessschool.Itsinternationalprogramallowedmetospendayearin5.__________________andfivemonthsin6.______.FirstjobMyfirstjobwaswithSalomon,the7.______company.Inthe1980sSalomonhadacquiredTaylorMade,agolfbrand,andwaslookingtodevelopthatbusinessin8.______________.1963militaryengineerattendedtheUnitedStatesJapanskiAustraliaB.Listentothesecondpartoftheinterviewandthenfillintheblanks.craftsmanship

[ˑkrɑːf(t)smənʃɪp]n.技术，技艺instinct

[ˑinstiŋkt]n.本能，直觉exclusively

[ikˑsklu:sivli]

ad.唯一地，专有地boutique[bu:ˑti:k]n.精品店ReasonsforleavingsportsfortheluxuryindustryIwastrulyattractedto1.________________.Watchingthingsbeingmadebyhand2.___________me.Iloveabeautifultablesettingasmuchasagreatmeal.ExperienceduringhisfiveyearsatCartierIstartedasa3.____________________inchargeofdevelopingnewtabletopproducts.Ivisited4._________andworkeddirectlywiththecraftsmen.Thejobconfirmedmy5._________forbeautifulobjectswellmade.Threeyearslater,IjoinedtheteamofAlainDominiquePerrin,Cartier’spresident,asa6._______memberinbusiness7.________________.craftsmanshipfascinatedproductmanagerfactoriespassionstaffdevelopmentC.Listentothethirdpartoftheinterviewandthenanswerthefollowingquestionandfillintheblanks.exponentially[ˌekspəʊˑnenʃəlɪ]ad.以指数方式地，迅速增长地entrepreneurial[ˌɔntrəprəˑnə:riəl]a.企业家的recruit[rɪˈkruːt]招聘；招募multicultural[ˌmʌltiˑkʌltʃərəl]a.多元文化的veteran[ˑvetərən]n.老手，富有经验的人Howdoyoumanagecross-culturalteamsatChanel?Withveryfast1._________,abusinesstakesonan2._________________aspect.Asamanager,youmust3.________rapidly,workon4.___________anddependheavilyonthequalityofthepeopleyourecruit.HowdoyouensurethatmultinationalteamsunderstandtheidentityofChanel?In2009,we5._________ImagineChanel,whichisateamthatrunsanin-house6._________programfornew7.___________onthecultureofChanel.Thegoalistohelpthemto8._____________whoGabrielleChanelwas.growthentrepreneurialevolveintuitioncreatedtrainingmanagersunderstandD.

Listentothelastpartoftheinterviewandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.

electrical

[iˑlektrikəl]

a.电气科学的diploma

[diˑpləumə]

n.毕业证书，学位证书immaterial[ɪməˑtɪərɪəl]a.无形的，不重要的anticipate

[ænˑtisipeit]

v.预期，期望1.WhatisNicolasBeau’sstyleofleadership?2.Whatdoesheadviseyoungpersontodotostartout?Key：Heworksmostlyontrust.Besides,hehascometobelievethatrespectandtrustcanbefoundinpeoplewhoappreciatethechancetheyhavebeengiven.Furthermore,heacceptsmistakesbutnotdishonesty.Key：Headvisesyoungpersontogoaroundtheworldthreetimesbeforestartingout.Writing

商务报告商务报告商业领域的报告形式多种多样—有的简短随意，有的则篇幅较长，比较正式。报告的最终目的是为即将做出的决定或即将采取的行动提供依据。有些报告只是简单地记录某个事件、某次访问、某些情况以及所采取的相应行动。另外一些报告则包括对时间的详尽解释和结论，也许还包含行动建议。撰写较为详尽的报告需要进行大量的研究，包括采访、走访、问卷和调研。所得到的信息可以整理成文字、表格或图表的形式，同时作者需要提供明确的结论和建议。

报告首先要有一个明确的总标题。主体部分要分成若干个清晰的部分。每个部分要有一个合适的小标题。首先是Introduction（介绍报告），然后是Findings(调查结果)，接着是Conclusion(结论)，最后是Recommendations(建议)。A.Readthefollowingsampleofabusinessreportandfamiliarizeyourselfwiththewayabusinessreportiswritten.B.Writeabusinessreportaccordingtothefollowingmessage.Inyourcompany,youhavedevelopedbusinesssoftwarethatcanbeusedinmobiletelephones.YouraimistocooperatewithLenzAG,aGermanmanufacturerofmobiletelephones.Inthisbusinessreport,youshouldfocusonthefeaturesofyourbusinesssoftware,mobilephonesandtheadvantagesofco-operation.Key:TipsforTranslation

词类的转换WarmupExercisesEachEnglishsentencebelowisfollowedbyitsChineseversion.Compareeachpairofsentencesanddiscusswhatchangesmighthavebeenmadeinthetranslationprocess.1.Wearedeeplyconvincedofthecorrectnessofthosepoliciesandfirmlydeterminedtopursuethem.我们深信这些政策都是正确无误的，一定要坚决执行。2.Chinawillenhancetheintensityandeffectivenessofaproactivefiscalpolicyandimplementaprudentmonetarypolicyinatargetedway,accordingtotheGovernmentWorkReport.《政府工作报告》指出，中国采取的“积极的财政政策要加力提效，稳健的货币政策要精准有力”。在英汉互译实践中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，要做到既忠实于原文又符合译文语言规范，就不能机械地用“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对译，而需要适当改变一些词类，即把原文中属于某种词类的词在译文中转换成另一词类。这就是翻译上通常所说的“词类转换”。词类转换是汉译英中很重要的手段之一，运用得当，可使译文通顺流畅，符合英语习惯，否则译文可能变得生硬累赘。下面将举例说明翻译中常见的五种词类转换，即汉语的动词转换成英语的名词，汉语的动词转换成英语的形容词，汉语的动词转换成英语的介词或介词词组，汉语的形容词或副词转换成英语的名词，汉语的名词转换成英语的动词。1.汉语的动词转换成英语的名词汉语中动词用得较多，除大量的动宾结构外，还有连动式、兼语式等两个以上动词连用的现象。而英语则不然，一句话往往只用一个谓语动词，而且英语的名词也比汉语的名词用得多。由于两种语言各自所具有的这种特点，汉译英时常常需要把汉语动词转换成英语名词。有时，随着汉语动词的这种转换，修饰该动词的副词也自然需要转换。消费者普遍认为商品的质量大不如从前了。Thereisapopularbeliefamongconsumersthatgoodsarenolongerinhighqualityasbefore.因此，从表面上看，最新的分析是支持传统方法而不是有机方法。Soonthefaceofit,thislatestanalysisisavoteforconventionalmethodsaboveorganic.为了得到这种保障，投保人定期向保险公司缴费，每次所缴的钱叫做保险费。所有投保人缴纳的保险费用于向受损失的人提供理赔金。Forthisprotection,thepolicyholdersmakeregularpaymentstotheinsurancecompany.Eachpaymentiscalledapremium.Thepremiumpaidbyallpolicyholdersareusedtopaythosewholose.2.汉语的动词转译成英语的形容词汉语中一些表示知觉、情感等心理状态的动词，往往可以转换成英语形容词，通常多用“be＋形容词”这一结构来表达。获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。Wearedeeplyconcernedatthenewsthatyourcountryhasbeenstruckbyaneart