成人高考试卷.ppt

1、Be thankful for what you have. Youll end up having more. If you concentrate on what you dont have, you will never ,ever have enough.,要学会对拥有的一切怀有感恩之心。最终你会得到更多。如果你总是对那些没有得到的东西耿耿于怀，那么你永远也不会满足。,Never put your happiness in someone elses hands,永远不要把自己的幸福放到别人的手中。,devote to 把.献给; 把.专用于 devote oneself to 致力于

2、, 献身于; 专心于 例如： He devoted his life to literature. 他专心致志于文学。 He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. 他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。 We should devote ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession. 我们应当勤奋地而且忠诚地献身于我们的职责。 He devoted a great sum of money to books. 他们花了一大笔钱买书。,contri

3、bute 除了有“To make a contribution:作出捐款”以及“To submit material for publication.投稿：投稿或撰稿以供出版”的意思外，另外一个最常用的用法是指： “To help bring about a result; act as a factor:为造成某一结果而作出贡献；促成的因素” Exercise contributes to better health.锻炼能促成更强健的体魄,turn to,求助于;转向We can turn to him for help. 我们可以求助于他。,Certain与 sure不同点:,1.在It

4、 is certain that/ to do something结构中,It是形式主语,此时一般不用sure. 如: It is certain to take him a lot of time.肯定会占用他很多时间. It is certain that two plus two makes four.二加二得四是确定无疑的. 2.Be sure +to do something结构,用于祈使句,这时一般不用certain. 如: Be sure not to forget it.千万别忘了.,3.作定语时,sure表示可靠的,无疑的.而certain修饰可数名词时,意为某一,某些,修饰

5、抽象名词时,意为有点,有些. 如: The student made a sure answer.学生做出了确凿的回答. A certain Brown is waiting for you at the gate.门口有个叫布朗的在等着你. Certain students have failed in the test.有些学生测验没及格. There was certain coldness in her attitude towards me.她对我的态度有点冷淡. 4.在口语中,sure可作副词,用在肯定答语中,相当于surely,certainly, of course,而 cer

6、tain不能用作副词, 如:Are you going Sure/Certainly.你去吗 当然啦,have的用法,Have you any questions?”这个have的意思是有，是实意动词 Do you have any questions这个have的意思是有，也是实意动词 而do才是助动词 have只有在实意动词时，意思才为有 have在做情态动词时，充当的是助动词，无实际意义 词,1动词，“有”的意思。 I have a book。我有一本书。 Do you have a book？ I dont have a book。 2，助动词。“使” have sb do 让某人做

7、have sb doing 让某人一直做 have sb/sth done 某人/某物被 3，have to，“不得不，必须”，表示不是主观意愿 Its dark outside，I have to go home。天黑了，我不得不回家。 Do you have to。 I dont have to。 4，用于完成时 have+动词的过去分词,四同位语从句,1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised a

8、ll the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。,2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的t

9、hat是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：,1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中

10、不作任何成分）,The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气,语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,一、虚拟语气在条件句中,If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were),主语+should,would, might,could动词 原形,If+主语+had +

11、过去分词,主语should, would, might, could have done,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,主语should, would might, could动词 原形,eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.,如果我是你，我就会努力学习,如果我知道他

12、的电话号码，我就给他打电话了,如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛,If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.,If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.,If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.,More practice:,使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：,当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整,If

13、you had followed my advice , you would be better now.,If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.,如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了,如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了,省略句 在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式,If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study hard

14、er. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.,二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用,（1）用于宾语从句,、wish 后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：,表现在过去时 表过去过去完成时 表将来woul

15、d, might, could动词原形,I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I wouldcould go.,2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。,insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.,We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.,They ins

16、isted that the boy (should) go with them.,注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。,The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.,The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.,他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意,那个人坚持说他没有偷钱,在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea

17、/ request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形”should可以省略,（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句,My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.,My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.,We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.,A.在句型 “It is important (ne

18、cessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 我们有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 她这样做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient.,（3）虚拟语气在 在主语从句中,B. 在It is demanded/suggested/or

19、dered/required. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan.,C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中从 句也常用(should )+动词原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.,1. It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略,三、虚拟语气在其他从句中,It is hi

20、gh time that you went / should go to school.,2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态,If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday!,3. would rather + 从句动词用过去式或过去完成时,I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.,4. as if ( a

21、s though) 看起来常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).,He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.,He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it,5. even if ( even though)即使,Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.,Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.,四

22、情态动词+ have done could have done 本来可以- - - might have done 本来可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - - shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。 You shouldnt have told her the truth . neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比较：didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了 I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it. would have done 本来会去做-,我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的,I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.,Choose the best answer: It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D.