文学阅读与欣赏备考宝典

2013 春“文学阅读与欣赏”考前复习宝典 同学们，你们好！ 我是“文学阅读与欣赏”的课程主讲教师吴立高，我这个文件是帮助大家复习 考试用的。期末考试临近了，面对厚厚的一本文学阅读与欣赏 ， 你是否感 到有些紧张呢？请不要担心，如果你按照考试宝典的内容认真复习，相信你会 考出一个好成绩的！ 一、如何复习 该课程学习的主线是课本。复习时，依据复习要点（focal points） ，把课 本梳理一遍，是其他任何方法都替代不了的。考试内容大多是出自课本的， 熟悉课本是得高分的法宝。如果按教学平台里的“复习与自测”部分的要 点，对照教材和面授辅导课的课程讲义，从头到尾地详细复习一篇，你的 考试成绩会使你满意的。 二、复习参考 1 面授课上的要点梳理/ VOB 考前串讲 2 考前宝典的范围和要点 3 论坛上的老师考前提醒 三、考点串讲 1. 考试范围 文学阅读与欣赏教材的一至八单元为本次考试的范围。考试内容主要涉及 教材中的文学作品理解以及文学常识的掌握。 2考试题型 题型 各单项分数 时间(分钟 ) 文学常识 单项选择/正误判断/填空 35 25 诗歌/戏剧分析 简答题 8 15 莎士比亚作品 理解 英文改述/ 选择 12 10 短篇小说分析 问答题 25 30 笔试 写作 改写小说/续写小说 20 40 笔试分为五个部分，第一部分文学常识，占 35 分；第二部分诗歌/戏剧分析，占 8 分；第三部分莎士比亚作品理解，占 12 分；第四部分短篇小说分析，占 25 分；第 五部分写作，为 20 分。考试时间总共 120 分钟，其中文学常识占 25 分钟，诗歌/ 戏剧分析部分占 15 分钟，莎士比亚作品理解部分占 10 分钟，短篇小说分析部分 占 30 分钟，写作部分占 40 分钟。 .3. 试卷各部分详解 1）文学常识的第一部分是 10 个有关课本出现的文学概念、文学人物和作品的 单项选择题。10 个均是课本的重点或者基本常识，所以比较简单，而这部 分得分也较好。大部分同学都在 12 分以上（满分 20 分） ，很多是 1620 分。 举例如下： 1. The poem “Ozymandias” is about a _. A. traveler B. sculptor C. writer D. king 2. The story “A Horseman in the Sky” takes place in _. A. American Independence War B. American Civil War C. Colonial time D. 20th century 3. A compressed form of writing which relies heavily on imagery is a definition of a _. A. short story B. poem C. drama D. novel 4. Heathcliff is a character created by _. A. Charlotte Bronte B. Oscar Wilde C. Jane Austen D. Emily Bronte 5. When a pair of consecutive lines in a poem rhyme this is known as a_ . A. ballad B. stanza C. couplet D. sonnet 6. A _ character is created to represent the living symbol of one of the frequently reoccurring characteristics of human nature. A. stock B. round C. flat D. humorous 7. Blank verse is a verse form which _. A. does not use rhyme B. omits certain key words for poetic effect C. is always written in a different way D. aims to create a sense of emptiness and loss 8. An accepted dramatic convention used in Shakespeares time where a character expresses his thoughts and feelings, while alone on a stage, is referred to as a _. A. memorial B. soliloquy C. oration D. setting 9. Robinson Crusoe is a story, first published in 1719. In the story, Robinson Crusoe is the major character and Friday is his _. A. enemy B. boss C. slave D. colleague 10. It is important to realize that when the author writes a story, he creates “someone” to tell the story: that storyteller is called the “_”. A. writer B. witness C. character D. narrator Key: 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. The Bennett family are characters in _. A. Gone With the Wind B. Pride and Prejudice C. Upon Westminster Bridge D. Pygmalion 12. The point of view of a narrator who observes events like a camera is the _. A. Objective point of view B. Omniscient point of view C. I-witness point of view D. Limited omniscient point of view 13. Poetic licence is freedom to _. A. use another poets imagery B. make political statements C. combine genres D. break language rules 14. Tom Sawyer is a character developed fully in the story representing a typical type of people in the society, therefore we call it the _ character. A. deep B. interesting C. stock D. common 15. Adlestrop is a _. A. businessman B. railway station C. city D. poet 16. In Wuthering Heights the relationship between the houses and the characters is _. A. mysterious B. misleading C. accidental D. symbolic 17. The character who speaks of “a sea of troubles” and “the whips and scorns of time” is _. A. Hamlet B. Macbeth C. Othello D. Shylock 18. In a literary writing, the author chooses particular words to convey what he sees, feels and wants readers to know to set the _ of the work. A. view B. tone C. persona D. interpretation 19. When events are arranged “first things first” they are portrayed _. A. chronologically B. symbolically C. incoherently D. horizontally 20. As the tension is resolved the plot comes to the _. A. climax B. denouement C. exposition D. elaboration Key: 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. B 第二部分是文学常识填空。一般是每句三空，有的是列举题，有的是考查某个 具体文学作品的相关知识。这部分得分不高，反映出考生对文学常识能够认出 来，但写出来有困难，也可以说对文学常识掌握得不够扎实。例如： Please list 3 types of literary genres d_, p_, f_. 答案是 drama，poetry，fiction 如果你写 play, poem, story (or novel) 也是可以接受的。 以下请做练习题： 1We call Jane Eyre a r_ character, since she has three dimensions as a person, and we see her change and develop. She is a plain-featured, empathetic, hard-working, and passionate girl. She works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, R_. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance. 答案是 round, Rochester 2. Unit 6 details five different points of view that authors can employ when writing narratives. Two of these are Objective and I-agent, the others are o_, l_ o _and e_. 答案是 omniscient, limited omniscient, eyewitness 3. In Unit 8, three p_ by Cowper, Wordsworth and Blake highlight contrasting views of life in the t_ and life in the c_. 答案是 poems, town, country 4. When the initial setting for a story occurs in the introduction, the literary term for this is e_. Following this there is a(n) e_ of the plot where the action develops into conflict causing a climax to be reached when these conflicts all reach a(n) c_ point before an ultimate resolution occurs. 答案是 exposition, elaboration, crisis More exercises of this type: 1. In the exposition of a plot, the four aspects of the story - who, w_, w_ and w_ are introduced. 2. Shakespeare chose to make the three witches meet in the thunder and lightning in order to suggest a sense of d_ and e_. 3. Dickenss creation, the miser Scrooge, is an example of a/an a_ or s_ character. Other examples could be the wise advisor or the absent- minded professor. 4. The tone in which characters speak can indicate their a_, m_, or m_. 5. Aphra Benn, Daniel Defoe and Blake all explore the idea of the dark stranger but from different points of view: the dark stranger as a n_ s_, or as a n_ s_. Key: 1. (1) when, (2) where, (3) what. 2. danger, evil. (Or any answer with this meaning) 3. archetype (or archetypal), stock 4. (Any three of these four) (1) attitudes, (2) manners, (3) mood, (4) the moral outlook of the characters. 5. (1) noble savage, (2) natural slave 2) 戏剧或诗歌分析。这部分主要考查的是对课本中某段戏剧节选或对一篇诗歌 的理解。如果是戏剧分析，5 个简答题涉及主题、人物、情节等，如果是诗歌 分析，5 个简答题涉及主题、韵脚、诗歌形象、诗句的理解。只要对课本熟悉， 这部分的得分能够在 6 分以上。 举例如下，请练习： I. Trees I think that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree A tree whose hungry mouth is prest Against the earths sweet flowing breast; A tree that looks at God all day; And lifts her leafy arms to pray; A tree that may in Summer wear A nest of robins in her hair; Upon whose bosom snow has lain; Who intimately lives with rain Poems are made by fools like me, But only God can make a tree. Questions: 1. What is the rhyming scheme? 2. What is the name normally given to two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme? 3. Which figures of speech does line 3 employ? 4. What is the poets attitude towards trees? Answers: 1. aa bb cc dd ee aa 2. couplet 3. personification 4. He adores the trees. II. Adlestrop Yes, I remember Adlestrop The name, because one afternoon Of heat the express-train drew up there Unwontedly. It was late June. The steam hissed. Someone cleared his throat. No one left and no one came On the bare platform. What I saw Was Adlestrop only the name And willows, and willow-herb, and grass, And meadowsweet, and haycocks dry, No whit less still and lonely fair Than the high cloudlets in the sky. And for that minute a blackbird sang Close by, and round him, mistier, Farther and farther, all the birds Of Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire. Questions: 1. What is the rhyming scheme? 2. What are themes of the poem? 3. What kind of emotion does the poet seem to express in the poem? 4. Identify the image of cloudlets. What is it? Answers: 1. abcb 2. War and peace, or something similar 3. Nostalgia, OR expectation to go home 4. The cloudlet is a small piece of cloud in the sky. 3)莎士比亚作品理解。这部分的要求是用自己的话解释节选中的句子或者对词 语的解释。评分标准并未对语言有很高要求，只要求解释清句子即可。失分的 原因是不能理解原文。比如 OTHELLO 中的一段 Othello 的台词： True, I have married her: The very head and front of my offending Hath this extent, no more. 答案是：The only misdeed I am accused of is that I have married her. Yes, Ive married her. Thats the only accusation against me. Yes, Ive married her. Thats all the offending I have. 而很多考生只理解到 marry 这一信息，对其他莎士比亚时代的英语就不 怎么理解了。莎士比亚作品在我们的教材中总共只有四篇，花点功夫看 懂，应该能理解而且能够解释。 True, I have married her: The very head and front of my offending Hath this extent, no more. A. The only wrong I have done. B. The beginning of my offer. C. The excuse I will have. D. The very daughter I will marry. 答案是：A 这里把莎士比亚的作品用比较通俗的英语表达出来，希望帮助大家理解莎士比 亚。 Hamlet (P 215)看视频课件 To be or not to bethat is the Question; Whether its nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To live or to die, that is a question. Is it better to bear the bitterness of bad fate in the mind, or should people rise up to pick up weapons fighting against it and end so many troubles in ones life? To die, to sleepNo more; and by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to; Tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep, there will be no more existence. And if we can say that we end the trouble and the countless natural strikes that human beings are bound to suffer by a sleep, then a sleep or a death would be the perfect thing that we have seriously wished for. To die, to sleep; To sleep, perchance to dream. Ay, theres the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause. There is the respect That makes calamity of so long life; To sleep perhaps is to dream, that is where the trouble is. In the sleep of death, when we get rid of our physical bodies and free ourselves from these earthly troubles, what may come as our dreams must make us hesitate. It is with this very consideration that people would rather endure a life so long and so painful. Othello (P328) 看视频课件 第七第八单元 Othello: Most powerful, grave, and respected lords my very noble and approved good masters, that I have taken away this old mans daughter, it is most true. The only misdeed I am accused of is that I have married her. I am unpolished in my speech, and little blessed with the soft phrase of peace. Since I was a child of seven, all my efforts have been concentrated on my military profession, except for the last nine months. I can speak little of this great world, no more than what belongs to battle field. And therefore I shall help little my own cause forward in speaking for myself. Yet by your gracious patience, I will tell my love story plainly and simply. I will tell how I won his daughter by what drugs, what charms, what conjuration and what mighty magic, for I am charged with these for such proceeding. Brabantio: A maid who is never bold, who is so still and quiet of spirit that her motion blushed at itself, is to fall in love with what she feared to look on, in spite of her nature, of her years, of her country, of her reputation, of everything. To believe that love story is a judgment so deformed and totally imperfect that it could accept that perfection could go wrong and go against all the rules of nature. It must be the evil cleverness that drives the love to happen. I therefore assert again, he worked on her with some mixtures which were powerful over the blood or conjured to this effect with some magic potion. 4) 短篇小说。这部分是整个卷子里唯一出自课外的，是 8 道问答题。主要考查 的也是基本的文学常识，涉及布景、主题、人物、情节、矛盾冲突等。前 5 题 每题 2 分，后 3 题每题 5 分。从分数分布来看，前 5 题基本都是一句话或者一 个短语简答即可，而后 3 题同学们要稍微展开来说。失分原因有：1）后三题答 案过于简单；2）答案没有切中要害。从得分策略来说，建议同学们作答时尽量 多说几句。 5) 写作。这部分是人称变化和缩写的结合。有些同学不知道怎样才算是从要求 的角度写，所以使用了第三人称。其实就是把自己当成文中的角色，然后讲个 故事就行了。同时，把故事主要情节讲完整就可以了。太多的细节会超过字数 限制。评分是从语言、内容和是否按照要求写作三方面来给整体分。所以，提 醒同学们注意这三点。 最后预祝大家都能考出好成绩！ 小说 1 The Tidy Drawer By Mo McAuley One Saturday morning Abbys Mum came upstairs to see Abby in her bedroom, or tried to. There was so much mess on the floor. She could only poke her head around the door. Abby sat in the middle of it all reading a book. “What a rubbish-tip,” Mum said. “You need to have a clear up in here.” “Why?” Abby asked. “Why?” Mum repeated. “Because things get broken or lost when theyre all willy-nilly like this. Come on, have a tidy up now.” “But Im very busy,” Abby argued, “and its boring on my own. Cant you help me?” “No, I cant, Im busy too. But Ill give you extra pocket money if you do a good job.” When Mum came back later, all the toys and clothes and books had disappeared. “Im impressed,” said Mum. “But Ill inspect it properly later.” “It was easy,” said Abby. “Can I have my extra pocket money now?” “All right. Get it out of my change purse. Its in the kitchen tidy drawer.” In the kitchen Abby went over to the dresser and pulled open the tidy drawer. She hunted for the purse. “Any luck?” Mum asked. Abby shook her head. “It must be lurking at the bottom,” Mum said. “Lets have a proper look.” She pulled the drawer out and carried it over to the table. Abby kneeled up on a chair to look inside. There were lots of boring things like staplers and strings but there were lots of interesting things as well. “Whats this?” Abby asked, holding up a plastic bottle full of red liquid. Mum laughed. “Fake blood, from a Halloween party years ago. Your Dad and I took you to that, dressed up as a baby vampire. You were really scary.” “I dont remember that.” Abby carried on looking through the drawer. She found some vampire teeth, white face paint, plastic witch nails and hair gel. Mum pulled out a glittery hair band. It had springs with wobbly balls on the top that flashed disco colors. She put it on her head while she carried on looking through the drawer. Abby found some sparkly hair elastics to match the hair band. She made her Mum put lots of little bunches all over her head so she looked really silly. “I remember this,” Abby said as she pulled out a plastic bag. “This is from my pirate party.” Inside there was a black, false moustache and some big gold earrings. She peeled the sticky backing off the false moustache and stuck it on Mums top lip then found a paint brush in the drawer and painted a fierce red scar down her cheek using the fake blood. Mum clipped on the pirate earrings. “Come here,” Mum said and smeared white face paint all over Abbys face. She dribbled the fake blood so it looked as if it was coming out of Abbys eyes and mouth. She put gel all over Abbys hair and made it stand up into weird, pointy shapes. Abby put in the vampire teeth and slipped on the witch fingers. She made scary noises at Wow- Wow the cat. He ignored her and carried on washing himself on the seat next to her. “Wotch thish?” Abby asked, holding up a flat rubbery thing. It was hard to speak through the vampire teeth. “Its a whoopee cushion,” Mum said. “You blow it up and sit on it. It makes rude noises.” She blew it up and gave it to Abby. Suddenly there was a knock at the back door. A voice called out. “Hello, its only me. Ive let myself in.” It was their nosy neighbour, Mrs. Hislop. She was always interfering and complaining. Mrs. Hislop entered the kitchen. Her mouth dropped open. “Were jush wooking for the change purse,” Abby explained. “Yes, well, er,” Mrs. Hislop said, “I just wanted a word about your fence. Some of its blown down on my side.” At that moment, Abby sat on the whoopee cushion and let out an enormous rude noise. Wow-Wow jumped off his seat and ran away. “Well!” said Mrs. Hislop and hurried from the room and out of the house. When the door banged shut Abby and Mum burst out laughing until Mums moustache hung on by a whisker and Abbys vampire teeth dropped out. Abby came to sit on her Mums knee. “Its fun doing this together,” she said. “Maybe. but we still havent found the change purse.” They both looked at the enormous heap of things spread over the kitchen table. “Well, you know things will get lost, or broken, when theyre all willy nilly,” Abby said. “You cheeky monkey!” Mum laughed. “But what shall I do with it all?” “I know, its easy,” Abby said and began to scoop everything off the table into her arms. She dumped it all back in the kitchen drawer. Mum looked at her suspiciously. “Lets go and inspect your bedroom, shall we.” Abby followed her upstairs and into her bedroom. Wow-Wow was sitting in front of her fish tank looking hungrily at the goldfish. He dashed under the bed when he saw Mum and Abby. Mum kneeled down and lifted the bed cover to get him out. Underneath were heaps of Abbys toys, books, tapes, clothes and shoes, empty plastic cups and wrappers and a half-eaten sandwich on a plate. “Abby! Whats all this?” “Its my tidy drawer,” Abby said. She wrapped her arms around her Mum and gave her a kiss. “Lets sort this one out together now.” 2013 年春季学期小说 2 A Slander (诽谤) By Anton Chekhov (1860 1904) SERGE KAPITONICH AHINEEV, the writing master, was marrying his daughter to the teacher of history and geography. The wedding festivities were going off most successfully. In the drawing room there were singing, playing and dancing. Waiters hired from the club were flitting distractedly about the rooms, dressed in black swallowtails and dirty white ties. There was a continual hubbub (嘈杂) and din (吵闹) of conversation. Sitting side by side on the sofa, the teacher of mathematics, the French teacher, and the junior assessor of taxes were talking hurriedly a