MARINE_SCIENTIST_海洋生态学家.ppt

marinescientist 1 thereareenoughwhalestobehunted amongthenumberofwhales minkewhale 小须鲸 ismostanditbreedsrapidly everyyearitcanbreedonecub sometimesaretwins what smore itsnaturalenemyisfew survivalrateisquitehigh whichmaydestroythemarinefishery forexample in1978 icelandwasorderedtostopwhalingbyenvironmentalprotectionorganization however after16years asthebackboneofthelocaleconomypollockresourceswasdamagedseverelybywhale in2003 icelandresumedwhaling whenthewhaleopeneditsmouth onetonofkrillwereeaten otherwhalesarealsoathreattomarinefishery accordingtothesurvey thetotalnumberofminkewhalehasincreasednearly10timesthansincemodernwhalingbegan mostotherwhalespeciesnumberarealsoincreased thefishwhalespreyedupto3millionto5million whichis3to6timesofworld sfisheriesconsumption ifcurrenttrendscontinue thewhalemayevensnatchthehumanfood destroytheecologicalbalance 2 it simportanttofollowalawofnature 生物链 norweysuggests thehuntingthatbasedonthesustainablemanagementofminkewhalehuntingisenvironmentalprotectionmodeoffoodproduction thecallsofbanningwhalingonlyweakenhuman sattentiononrealenvironmentalprotectionproblem manycountriesalsodeclarethatifwhalingisstillbannedforthereasonofpoliticratherthanscientific theywillleavetheinternationalinstitutionbecauseithasalreadydeviatedfromitsbasicprinciple 3 therestrictionofwhalingistotallypolitical notscientic bytheeighties japan seconomydevelopedrapidly intheunitedstatesandeuropecaused threatofjapan widely 日本威胁论 whalingproblembecomeanexcusetovilifyandexcludejapanforsomepoliticiansandenverionmentalorganizations atthesametime thebanalsoincreasedobjectivelythedependenceforjapanesetoimportbeeffromtheunitedstates 4 ongoingscienticresearchcanhelpcontrolandmaintainthenumberofwhales 5 it satraditionforsomenations whalingismainlyformeatandoil eveneverypartofthewhaleisused includingfaecestodyeclothes somecountrieshasalongtraditionsuchasicelandandjapanforamorethanathousandyear andsomecoastalcountrieswoundnothavesurvivedwithoutwhaling inthemakahaculture huntingandcaptureofwhaleisthemostsignificantwaytosurvive whichprovidedthemforfood rawmaterialsandasourseofspiritualandceremonialstrengthandvaluabletradegoods nowadays itremainsthesamefunction 国际捕鲸管制公约 开篇即说明其出发点是 认为如果适当地管理捕鲸渔业 自然就能增加鲸类资源 并认为增大了鲸类资源 能增加捕鲸数量而不致损害天然资源 并宣示签订该公约的目的是为了 谋求适当地保护鲸类并能使捕鲸渔业有秩序地发展 而不是为了毁灭捕鲸业 公约 第五条中则规定iwc 应以科学的判断为基础 应考虑到捕鲸业者和鲸类产品消费者的利益 随时修改决定 澳大利亚和巴西等国之所以强烈反对捕鲸 其目的并不仅仅是 善心 那么单纯 这些国家的气候较热 海洋渔业资源丰富 意图大力开发海洋旅游业 尤其是观鲸项目 利用人们对鲸的 善心 赚大钱 路透社曾有报道称 观鲸项目可每年为大约90个国家的沿海地区带来愈10亿美元的利润 国际爱护动物基金会拉美分会的负责人直白的承认 在他们眼中 活的鲸比死的更值钱 加勒比海和非洲国家代表说 恢复商业捕鲸可以保护渔业资源 保障小岛屿国家的粮食安全 在联合声明中要求 停止在南太平洋捕杀鲸鱼 停止鲸肉和相关产品的贸易 取消单方面确定的捕鲸配额 停止捕猎物种濒临灭绝的鲸鱼 如果该措施取消 为了防止世界捕鲸委员会成员反对或保留意见 提高世界捕鲸委员会核心决策的科学性 greenpeaceandwwfgiveconditionalsupporttocommerciallywhale inajointstatementtheydemanded anen