高考英语一轮复习 Unit7—Unit8知识要点聚焦1

Unit 7Unit 8知识要点聚焦1重点词汇单词：represent，include，ruin，burn，restore，rebuild，damage，ancient，official，limit，sincerely，well-known，gold，further，rank，prepare，effort，compete，weight，point，skill，weigh，title短语：give in，in ruins，bringback to life，pull down，set up， stand for，because of，speed skating，track and field，would rather， take part in，in preparation for2重点句型What/How about？Why not？Many of the sports were the same as.Make sure that3交际用语Should we put in.？Id like to choose.Which do you like，. or.？Whats your favourite sport?Which sport do you like best?重点考点精释1. rank v.排列：名列：分等：评级This town ranks：third/high among New England beauty spots， He was ranked Number Three in the inner circle of the government.The judges ranked Mary the best in the singing contest2. represent vt .象征；代表，表现，描绘，意味着，相当于You can select five things that represent Chinese culture，but youcannot put any living things in the capsuleA dove represents peaceThis paint represents Mount TaiThe statue represents peasants praying to GodWhat does the star represent before the question?For the boy，his father represents power3辨析include/including/included三者均有“包括，包含”之意。但是，include为及物动词；including为介词，常引起一个解释性的短语，该短语与被解释的人或事物之间存在一种逻辑上的主谓关系；included为include的过去分词形式也可引起一个解释性的短语，指某人或事物被包括在内，它和including引起的短语含义相同，但要注意词序不同：Ten people died in this car accident，including two children/two children includedThis box contains 50 maps，including 6 of North America/6 of North America includedinclude和contain者均有“包含”“包括”之意。但是，include 表示所包含之物中的一部分；contain指所含之物的全部或部分，也可表不某一种物质中含有什么成分，如上例句。4. flow vi（液体）流动；飘动；源自Her tears flowed down her cheeks，Her hair flowed down over her shouldersThe nations wealth flows from oil productionflow作名词时，多用作不可数名词，作“流，流出，流人”等解释如：The boat was carried away by the flow of water5辨析give in/give upgive in(to sb.）意为“屈服，妥协让步”，为不及物动词短语； give up意为“放弃”时，多作及物动词短语，up 为副词；意为“认输，投降，中正”时为不及物动词短语：He would rather die than give inThe enemy soldier were forced to give in to usFor your health，give up smoking，please！I give upTell me the answergive短语： Give off 散发出，发出（光线）Give back 归还Give away 出卖，泄露，赠送Give oneself away 露马脚，现原形Give out 用完，用尽，散发，公布，发表，精疲力竭6bring. back to life使复活；使活跃起来The doctors had done their best，but couldnt bring her back to lifeLets invite TomHe has many ways to bring a party（back）to lifeIf these activities are brought back to life，everything will be all right7. proud adj.骄傲的；自豪的pride n骄傲；自豪 Be proud of (doing)sth.Be proud to do sth.Be proud+ that 从句Take (a) pride inIm proud to be your friendHe felt very proud of having a friend with such noble ideasOur football team feels proud that it has won every match this year.He takes（a）great pride in his work8burn v焚烧，烧焦；晒黑；燃烧，点（灯）He burnt all his old papersA large number of houses were burnt to ashesThe coffee is very hot，so dont burn your mouthYoure much more burned by the sun than IAll the lights in the house are burningThe whole city is burning9in ruins一片废墟，落空The houses across the street were in ruinsOur plans are in ruins10. come用作系动词come作be，become解，与true，right，loose，dear，cheap等形容词构成系表结构。That day their wish finally carne trueYour dream will one day come trueIt comes easy after a timeThings will come right in the end.The string comes loose/untied11.辨析photograph/picture/drawing/painting/portrait/photographyphotograph（缩略词：photo）是可数名词，表示“照片”。Visitors to the museum are not allowed to take photographs/ photospicture表示“图画，照片、图像、电影”.Draw a picture of that treeMay I take a picture of you？You cant get a clear picture on this setThere is a good picture being shown this weekdrawing表示“黑白色的、钢笔或铅笔线条画、素描”。He showed me some of the childs drawings，which displayed unmistakable talentpainting表示“（着色的）画”。water-color painting水彩画oil painting油画a still-life painting静物画portrait表示“肖像”On the wall was a portrait of Leninphotography表示“摄影学”，不可数名词。Photography is sometimes taught in schools12limit vtn限制，界限limit作为动词，与介词to搭配，后接名词或动名词。The author will limit himself to the discussion of these two problemsYou ought to limit your activities to recording the facts过去分词limited可作表语或定语。The number of competitors is limitedAs they had limited experience，they often had limited ideaslimit用作名词，是可数名词，也与to搭配。There is a limit to the amount of money we spendDo within the limits of what the teacher has asked you to do13stand for代表；容忍；主张；竞选What does POstand for? POstands for postal orderWhy do you stand for such bad working conditions?The new President stood for honest governmentShes standing for governor in the next election14辨析gold/goldengold为名词，作定语时，常指东西的原材料是“金质的”；golden 常指东西的颜色是“金色的，金黄色的”，也可表达抽象意义：She is very pretty with the gold necklaceThis is just a golden watch，not a gold one，but it looks like a real one15worth adj值的；价值的 Worth n.Worth doingWorth ones while to doWorth ones while doingHow much is this bicycle worth? Its worth 500 yuanThe film The Titanic is well worth seeing once again.It is worth（your）while to visit/visiting that beautiful city16prefer vt更喜欢 Prefer n.Prefer doingPrefer to do prefer n. to doPrefer that 从句 prefer A to BPrefer to do A rather than do BI prefer it above all othersI prefer going there aloneShe prefers to live among the working peopleI prefer him to do it in a different wayWe prefer that the plan should be fully discussedI prefer tea to coffeeHe prefers to live in the countryside rather than stay in the city17辨析rather than/would ratherthanrather than意为“而不”“非”“宁可”“情愿”，连接相同的两个句子成分，且形式相同；rather. . . than意为“是而不是”； would rather. . .than意为“宁愿而不愿”，表示主观愿望，相比较的两个部分要对等：Id rather watch it than play itThe color seems green rather than blueI always prefer getting up early，rather than going to school without breakfastId prefer to go in summer rather than in winterThis is rather for father to decide than for youId rather you knew that now，than afterwardsLiu Hulan would rather die than give in to the enemy18辨析take part in/join /join in/attend四者均有“参加”之意。但是，take part in多指带着责任心参加大型活动，并在其中起一定的作用，如体育活动、比赛、游戏、讨论、战斗等;join指加人团体、组织等，并成为其中的一员，如参军、入团、人党等;join in强调参加正在进行的活动，如比赛、娱乐、谈话等,join sb.in sth.意为“和某人一道做某事”；attend指出席或参加会议、音乐会、婚礼、宴会等，也可指听课、听报告等：Why do athletes from so many countries want to take part in the Olympic Games？He joined the army at the age of 15He joined the local club as he needed their supportShe likes to join in the usual sports of the boysHe joined the children in their gameToday I have a meeting to attendHe has never attended my lectures19every每；每隔every意为“每隔”时，与数词或few, other等连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，each不能这样用。every four years译为“每四年，或“每隔三年”，也可表达为every fourth year:Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic GamesPlease come to see me every two days/every other day/everysecond day20compete vi比赛；竞争 Compete in 在方面竞争Compete with/against 与竞争Are you going to compete in the swimming race?The two girls competed with each other for the first place21辨析happen/take place/occur三者不能用于被动语态。happen往往指偶然或未能预见地发生；take place指事先布置或策划好后发生；occur通常指意想不到地发生，有时可与happen互换，还有“被想到”之意。No matter what happens，you should keep calmThe story took place a long time agoThe meeting will take place in the auditoriumWhen did the accident occur/happen?A fresh idea occurred22辨析quick/fast/ swift/rapidquick使用范围最广，指动作迅速、敏捷、时间间隔短，不表示动作的频率；fast指运动的物体动作迅速、敏捷、速度快，常指持续的动作；swift用于较正式的场合，指平稳不受干扰、不中断的快速动作；rapid指动作快，强调速率或一连贯动作的速度，它和swift一样同指快速动作：He is as quick as lightningThis clock is three minutes fastThe boy is as swift of foot as a hareSwift to hear，slow to speakThis is a rapid river23further用法further作为形容词和副词，有如下两种主要用法：作far的比较级，与farther同义。但在进行距离比较时，用 farther，而不用further，例如：Can you go any father/further?Whose home is farther，yours or his?表示“更多的，另行的，更进一步”，例如：Please wait for further information/noticeMy younger brother has gone abroad for further studies24prepare/preparation短语 Prepare to do 准备做Be prepared for sth./doing 已做了充分的准备Prepare for 为做准备Prepare sb. To do 某人把某事准备好In preparation for 作为的准备Make preparations for 为做准备Have you prepared to go on a trip?The students are well prepared for the sports meetingWe must prepare for the partyIIl prepare her to face the difficultyShe bought a new coat in preparation for winterThe soldiers made preparations for the battleprepare强调准备的动作与过程，宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者。如：prepare lunch（可能在切菜、炒菜）。 prepare for是“为做准备”，for的宾语不是准备这一动作的直接承受者，而是表示准备的目的，如:prepare for the final exam。高考样题例释1（2020年北京）Were going to_ with some friends for a picnicWould you like to join us?Aget in Bget over Cget along Dget together【解析】答案为D. get in进人；收获，get over克服；get along进展，相处；get together相聚。2.（2020年天津）It was not a serious illness，and she soon itAgot over Bgot on with Cgot around Dgot out of【解析】答案为A. get over “克服困难，战胜疾病”。3(2020年上海） “I dont think its my _ that the TV blew upI just turned it on，thats all，”said the boyA. error Bmistake Cfault Dduty【解析】答案为C。error违反某标准而致错；mistake由于粗心等的无意过错；fault过失、过错，含有对此负责、应受谴责之意；duty义务。Its my fault意为“这是我的过错”。单选高考模拟1Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task becauseTechnology_ so rapidlyA. has changed Bis changingC. will have changed Dwill change2Victor looks unhappyYes. He always _ our successAcheers Benvies Cadmires Dstops3This is an illness that can result in total blindness _ leftuntreatedAafter Bif Csince Dunless4What did you say?you to _ me.A. wont listen B. werent listeningCdidnt listen Dhavent listened5Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind aswell as _ sicknessAnormal Baverage Cregular Dordinary6What way are you thinking of_ rid of the flies?A to get Bgetting Cbeing got Dto be getting7Be tough minded，but tender hearted，_ ？Awill you Bisnt it Carent you Dare you8Shall I make you_ to eat?Oh，yes，pleaseIve had hardly _ all dayA. something; nothing Banything；somethingC. something; anything D. any my mind.9Im sure youd rather be stayed in Spain， _ ？A. wouldnt you Barent IC. didnt he D. hadnt you10Dont stay home all day aloneGo sight seeing and the mountain air will _ you _ againAcover; out Bcover；offCset；over Dset；up全真模拟训练一、单项填空1Its ten years since the scientist_ on his lifes work ofdiscovering the valuable chemicalAmade for Bset outCtook of f Dturned up2I dont rocknrollIts much too noisy for my tasteAgo out Bgo away withCgo into Dgo in for3The film _ on a book _ by Lu Xun is very instructiveAbased；written Bbase；writeCbeing based；written Dbased；being written4The tower was built hundreds of years agoNow it isAgoing ruin Bgoing to ruinsCin ruins Din ruin5Our army decided to the enemy on an early morningAbe under attack Bmake attacks toCmake an attack on Dbe under attack on6The map of the world still _ where the teacher had it beforeAlay; laid Blay；lieClied；lain Dlaid；lied7Macaus return to China is such a big _ that it was reported throughout the worldAevent Baccident Cmatter Dnews8Every _ the students _ an English exam.Atwo weeks；take Bsecond weeks；haveCtwo week；pass Dsecond week：hold9The medicine _ effect _the patients. As a result，the disease is spreading quickly in that areaAmakes no：to Bhave great；onCdoes some；with Dhas no; on10You can，imagine：he rats eat 40 to 50 times_ .Ain weight Bby weightCof weight Dtheir weight11People like sports _ players compete _ prizes.Ain which；for Bwhere：forC. when；to Dthat；in12We collected some firewood from the wood and _ alarge fire with a _ matchAlighted：lit Blit：lightedClit；lit Dlight；lighted13Were working hard to_ our dreamsAturn out BproduceCmake Dlive14The Houston Rockets _ the Stars this morningThis isthe third time the Houston Rockets this monthAwon：beat Bbeat；wonCbeat；has won Dhit；has won15How many _ are going to be held in this Summer Olympic Games?Asports B incidentsCevents Daccidents二、完形填空Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his 1 and traveling.Then, after returning to the United States from a 2 trip to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the 3 of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place 4 him. The material between his bones became 5 .In less than one week after his return, he could not 6 . Every move that he 7 was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told him that they did not know how to cure Mr. Cousins problem and he might never 8 over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up 9 .Mr. Cousins thought that 10 thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. 11 , he felt that happy thoughts or 12 might cure his illness.He began to 13 on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that 10 minutes of real laughter during the 14 gave him two hours of pain free sleep at night.15 the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could 16 his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping 17 he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well 18 to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for 19 .After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work. He had laughed himself back to 20 .1. A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerous D. pleasant3. A. top B. degree C. problem D. limit4. A. from B. around C. inside D. beside5. A. weak B. ill C. false D. painful6. A. speak B. breathe C. stand D. see7. A. made B. did C. took D. gave8. A. look B. get C. turn D. think9. A. effort B. hope C. treatment D. arrangement10. A. foolish B. unusual C. funny D. unhappy11. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise12. A. sleep B. travel C. laughter D. television13. A. rescue B. operate C. try D. experiment14. A. day B. week C. month D. year15. A. Promising B. Deciding C. Doubting D. Recognizing16. A. invent B. begin C. continue D. prove17. A. until B. whenever C. unless D. so that18. A. soon B. completely C. slowly D. enough19. A. exercise B. illness C. rest D. pleasure20. A. power B. sense C. health D. happiness三、阅读理解AToday a pilot is totally dependent on what the air traffic controller on the ground tells himHe cant see enough to be safeFlightwatch is an instrument intended to help himOn a screen in front of the pilot，there will be a map of the airspace around the planeThe pilots own flight level or height and his own plane will show up at the centre of the screen. On the map any other planes in the airspace will appear as blobs（点状）of light with“tails”showing the direction of their flightThe flightwatch map is unusual，for the other planes are not shown at their true ranges（范围），but at their distances away in flying time. That gets over the problem of fast planes being too far away to be seen but likely to make contact in seconds and slow planes that are close enough to be seen but so slow that theres no chance of contact forsay，ten minutesThe pilot will be able to see on the screen whether another planes course conflicts with Ills ownThe screen will show him the flight number of the other plane，so he can contact air traffic controllers and ask them about the other planes courseThen he can take avoiding action if necessaryThe screen will show him whether his action puts him in danger from yet another aircraftTechnically，the system will be quite complexComputers will be necessary on the ground and in each aircraft to enable flightwatch to collect data about the planescourses and to calculate the distances between planesBut such small computers are now quite cheap，simple and reliable1A pilot is dependent on _ for his safe flightAflightwatchBthe air traffic controller in the planeCthe command of the air traffic controller on the groundDthe pilot himself2_ can help the pilot to keep contact with the traffic controllerAA computerBThe screenCFlightwatchD. The passage downt mention it3The flightwatch is_ to useAquite simple Bquite complexCexpensive Dnot mentioned4The main components of the flightwatch are _ Aa screen and certain computersBcomputersCa flightwatch map and small computersDblobs and tailsBElectric shockInjuries caused by electric shock are rather commonWhen a person has received an electric shock，no one should go near him/her until the current has been turned offIf a shock occurring at work or at home causes someone to lose consciousness（知觉），electrical connection must be broken before anyone tries to give assistanceYou should either turn off the switch at the mains or，if that is not possible，push the person away with a dry piece of woodTreatment of shockLook out for signs of shockPeople who have been injured or who may have lost a lot of blood，or those who have had heart at tacks，may be in deep shockThe signs to