中考英语 过去完成时语法精讲 牛津版

英语过去完成的时候谈到了语法。一、过去完成的概念和结构特征概念：表示过去完成时过去的一瞬间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去”。-是的-是的那时候我现在构成：过去完成时由“辅助动词had过去分词”构成，其中had通用于多个人称。they had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel .shehad finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning。二、过去完成情况判断标准1.用时间副词判断一般来说，各种时态都有特定的时间副词。过去完成时使用的时间副词如下。(1)到过去的时间点。例如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night。(2)过去的时间点by the end of。例如：we had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term .(3) before过去的时间点。例如：they had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday。2.从“过去的过去”来判断。过去完成时的“过去”是指过去在一个任务之前已经发生或完成的任务，即任务有前后关系，任务完成之前使用后的典型经过时间。此用法经常表现为：(1)宾语从句宾语从句的主句是一般的时候，从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要过去完成。Told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后面的宾语从句。例如：she said that she had seen the film before。(2)副词子句在时间、条件、原因、方法等副词子句中，主、子句的动作有先后关系，动作先行，动作过去完成，动作以后转入一般时使用。例如：When I got to the station，the train had already left。After he had finished his homework，he went to bed。注意：before，after带领的时间副词子句是before和after本身表达了动作的先后关系，所以如果主，子句表达的动作紧密连接，那么主，子句都是在一般的过去时使用。例如：where did you study before you came here？After he closed the door，he left the classroom。(3)表示意向的动词、希望、wish、expect、think、intent、mean、suppose等过去完成“原”，失败.We had hoped that you would come，but you didnt。根据上、下决定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday。we hant seen each other since he went to beijin。三、过去完成的主要使用1.过去完成时，表示在过去的一瞬间或动作之前，动作或状态完成或结束。也就是说，发生在“过去的过去”。例如：When I wokeup，it had stopped raining。我起床的时候雨停了。(主要句子的动作发生在“过去的过去”。）2.过去是相对时态，意思是“过去”，只在与过去的任何时刻或任何动作相比时使用。例如：he told me that he had written a new book .(had written发生在told之前)3.和表示过去时态的时间副词一起离开过去的时间，不能独立存在。在这个时候，与already、yet、still、just、before、never等时间副词以及by、before、until等带领的经文或子句一起使用。例如：Before she came to China，grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years。Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten。4.表示过去完成时行动或状态已经开始到过去某个时间点，一直持续到这个时间，工作还没有结束，有继续进行的可能性。例如：By the end of last year，he had worked in the factory for twenty years。“had worked已经20多年了，有可能继续进行”四、过去完成和现在完成的区别现在完成后，表达的动作发生在过去，但集中讨论现在产生的结果或影响，这与现在有关，其结构是“助动词have”(过去分词法)。过去完成是相对时态，强调“过去”，不仅是过去，而且仅与过去或特定动作比较时使用。试验比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far。到目前为止，我学了1000个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then。到那时，我已经学了1000个英语单词。-im sorry to keep you waiting。对不起，让你久等了。-哦，not at all。I have been here only a few minutes。没什么，我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去的某个时间点持续到现在)-约翰returned home yesterday。约翰昨天回家了。-where had he been？他去了哪里？(回复中结束过去使用时，指约翰去returned home之前的地方，即“过去的过去”)第五，过去完成时和一般过去时的差异两个小时都表示过去发生的工作或现有状态，但必须注意以下事项：1.时间副词不同：过去完成的时候，时间上强调“过去的过去”。一般来说，只强调过去的特定时间。试验比较：they had arrived at the station by ten yesterday。they arrived at the station at ten yesterday。2.没有明确的过去时间副词标记的时候，谓语动词动作的发生时间要根据情况判断。首先发生的龙完成了过去，然后发生的成为一般的过去。例如：She was very happy。her whole family were pleased with her，too。shehad just won the first in the composition。3.两个或两个以上连续的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序完成过去用一般的过去代替就可以了。另外，在由before、after、as soon as带领的子句中，这些连接词本身就展现了时间的先后，因此也可以代替过去完成的时候使用。例如：He entered the room，turned on the light and read an evening paper。I(had)called her before I left the office。过去完成时练习1.we _ _ fourhousandnewwordsbytheendoflastear。A.had learned b . have learned c . learned d d . will havenelearned2.Helen _ _ herkeyintheofficeosehadtowait unterhusband _ _ home。A.has leftcomes b . left；had come c . had left；D. had left营；Wouldcomeilostthebooni _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _。A.have bought B. boughtc .had boughtd。had been bought4.thebushadgonewheni _ _ _ _ at the bus stop。A.have arrived b . arrived c . had arrived d d . am arriving5.Tom _ _ ofvisinghisgrandomher butthebadweathermadehimchangehismind。A.has thought b . thought c . had thought d . hadhbeenthought6.didyoumeettomattheairport？-no，he _ _ byt het imei _ _ there。A.has leftGot B.hadleft；arrived c . left；Arrived.leftHadgot7.why didn ttomattendthemesetingyesterday？-he _ _ _ beijin。A.hagoneto b . hagoneto c . went to d . had been to8.I _ _ _ tocomethelper you。-but you didn tcome。A.have meant b . had meant c . meant d . will mean9.finallymaramwastebybeijinguniversity，forwhichshe_fivetimes.A.had tried b . was trying c . hassetried d d . tried10.iave boughtyouthebookssyouwant。-哦，好，I _ afraidyouhad forgotten。A.was b . a . was b . am c . hadbeen d . havebeen现在完成时和过去完成时A.使用already或yet1)have they taken down the old pictures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _？No，not _ _。2)most of us have finished our compositions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(3)he said he haden t visiited the exhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _。B.使用since或for1)we have learned five lessons _ _ _ _ _ the beginning og this term .2)Mrs Liao has been in hospital _ _ _ _ _ last week。3)I have stayed at my aunt s _ _ _ _ _ two weeks。C.使用have gone或have been1)Where are the boy students？They _ to the school factory。2) Is your father in？否，he _ _ to Shenzhen。_ _ _ he ever _ _ _ there before？Yes，he _ there several times3)he asked me if _ _ _ _ to hang Zhou before。I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ _ _ _ _ _ never _ _ _ _ to that city before。选择填充空格1.mother _ _ _ me a new coat yesterday。I _ _ _ _ _ _ it on。it fits me well。A.had made.have tried B.