老子--全英文介绍PPT

1、12/6/2021 His life Daoism as Philosophy of laozi Dao De Jing Philosophical and Religous Daoism12/6/2021 Lu Xun said:Lu Xun said: China roots deep in Taoism. If one China roots deep in Taoism. If one wants to comprehend Chinese history wants to comprehend Chinese history and culture, one must compreh

2、end and culture, one must comprehend Taoism first.Taoism first.12/6/202112/6/2021Li Er(李耳) Bo Yang(伯阳)Li Dan (李聃)Elder Dan (老聃) Senior Lord (老君) Senior Lord Li (李老君) Senior Lord Taishang (太上老君) Taoist Lord Lao Zi (老子道君) Supreme Mysterious and Primordial Emperor(太上玄元皇帝)Names12/6/2021Life of Laozi Hom

3、e: Quren Village, LI Township（厉（厉乡曲仁里）乡曲仁里） ,Ku County in the state of Chu ,in present day Luyi（鹿里）（鹿里） ,Henan Province Career: librarian(图书管理员图书管理员), archivist(案卷保管员）案卷保管员）, grand scribe（太史）（太史） old age：resigned from official post and lived in seclusion(隐居）隐居）12/6/202112/6/202112/6/2021Story : 孔子适周

4、，将问礼于老子。 Once, Confucius went to Zhou and consulted with Laozi on ritual matters. 12/6/2021 老子曰：“良贾深藏若虚，君子盛德、容貌若愚。去子之骄气与多欲，态色与淫志，是皆无益于子之身。” Laozis response was a critique of Confuciuss teachings.Laozi tells Confucius to give up his stiff deportment and prideful airs. 孔子去，谓弟子曰：“鸟，吾知其能飞；鱼，吾知其能游；兽，吾知其能

5、走。走者可以为罔，游者可以为纶，飞者可以为矰。至于龙吾不能知，其乘风云而上天。吾今日见老子，其犹龙邪！” Confucius is reported to have praised Laozis wisdom and to have compared him to a dragon whose abilities were beyond his understanding.12/6/2021Conclusion: 1. He was an archivist or librarian at the royal court ofZhou; 2. He was visited by Confuci

6、us and talked about rites; 3. He preached the retirement from the world; 4. He left the court, wrote the Daodejing, and disappeared without a trace. 12/6/2021 Work：Dao De Jing道德经道德经 Achievement：esteemed as a philosopher by Confucianists; a saint(圣人圣人)or god by the common people of China; a divinity(

7、神神)and the representative of the Dao idea: Dialectical Thought (辩证法思想辩证法思想 ) Noninterference(无为而治无为而治) The dual cultivation (性命双修性命双修) 12/6/2021Daoism: Philosophy of Laozi Dao De Jing has been studied by literary critics for centuries, and have influenced every aspect in our life12/6/2021 Tao/Daothe

8、 image of a hairy, human head a foot walking the way of the ancients 12/6/2021Tao is undefinable, unlimited, and unnamable. 道道可可道道，非常，非常道道; ; 名可名，非常名。名可名，非常名。无名，天地之始无名，天地之始; ; 有名，万物之母。有名，万物之母。 道德经道德经第一章第一章The Tao that can be told of is not the eternal Tao; The name that can be named is not the etern

9、al name.The Nameless is the origin of Heaven and Earth; The Named is the mother of all things. The features of “Tao”:12/6/2021 Tao gave birth to the Tao gave birth to the OOne; ne; the the OOne gave birth ne gave birth successively to twosuccessively to two things ,three things, up to things ,three

10、things, up to then thousandthen thousand. .道生一，一生二，道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物二生三，三生万物12/6/2021Dialectical Thought (辩证法思辩证法思想想 )For truly, being and notbeing grow out of one another; Difficult and easy complete one another. Long and low determine one another. Pitch and mode give harmony to one another.Front an

11、d back give sequence to one another有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随，恒也盈，音声相和，前后相随，恒也12/6/2021 In Tao the only motion is returning; The only useful quality, weakness. For though all creatures under heaven are the products of being, being is itself is the product of Non-being 反者道之动；弱者道之

12、用。反者道之动；弱者道之用。 天下万物生于有，有生于无天下万物生于有，有生于无。12/6/2021Many of Laozis enlightening views are based on his philosophy of naturalness (自然主义) and non-action（无为）.12/6/2021Naturalness自然主义；顺其自然自然主义；顺其自然 It refers to a natural state of being, anattitude of following the way of nature. Laozi emphasized that every

13、thing in the world has its own way of being and developing: birds fly in the sky, fish swim in the water, flowers bloom and flowers fall. He admonished people to give up on any desires to control the world. 12/6/202112/6/2021 Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing. 水善利万物而不争。 Water nouri

14、shes everything butcontends for nothing.水善利万物而不争。老子的道德经第八章：“上善若水。水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。居善地，心善渊，与善仁，言善信，政善治，事善能，动善时。夫唯不争，故无尤。”12/6/2021 The greatest virtue is like water. “上善若水”意为最高境界的善行就像 水的品性一样，泽被万物而不争名利。上善：至善，最完美；水：这里喻指与世无争的圣人。达到尽善尽美的境界，就和圣人差不多。水有滋养万物的德行，它使万物得到它的利益，而不与万物发生矛盾、冲突，故天下最大的善性莫如水。12/6/202

15、1 最高的善像水那样。水善于帮助万物而不与万物相争。它停留在众人所不喜欢的地方，所以接近于道。上善的人居住要像水那样安于卑下，存心要像水那样深沉，交友要像水那样相亲，言语要像水那样真诚，为政要像水那样有条有理，办事要像水那样无所不能，行为要像水那样待机而动。正因为他像水那样与万物无争，所以 才没有烦恼。12/6/2021Nothing in the world is weaker than water when it comes to breakingsomething strong.天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫之能胜。Water is a typical example of the wea

16、k winning over the strong. Water is invinciblebecause it desires nothing and contends fornothing.12/6/2021 Aware of the strong, one should remain weak. One should start withones own weak points, accumulatingstrength by keeping low, just as water does. Giving up the desire to flaunt ones superiority

17、is the basic way toprosperity. Remaining weak is not only the way to prosperity, but also the way to preserving life.12/6/2021Definition: Wuxing is a system of five phases used for describing interactions and relationships between phenomena. Wuxing“五行五行”12/6/2021The relationship between the five ele

18、ments:Wood feeds Fire; Fire creates Earth; Earth bears Metal; Metal carries Water; Water nourishes Wood. The Generating Cycle 12/6/2021The relationship between the five elements:Wood parts Earth; Earth absorbs Water; Water quenches Fire; Fire melts Metal; Metal chops Wood.The Overcoming Cycle 12/6/2

19、021Definition: The Bagua (八卦) are eight trigrams used to represent a range of interrelated concepts. Each consists of three lines, each either broken or unbroken, representing a yin line or a yang line, respectively. Due to their tripartite structure, they are often referred to as trigrams in Englis

20、h.Bagua“八卦八卦”乾乾 Qin兌兌 Du離離 L震震 Zhn巽巽 Xn坎坎 Kn艮艮 Gn坤坤 Kn12/6/2021Sources of BaguaFuxi bagua (伏羲八卦) orEarlier Heaven(先天八卦） The Limitless (Wuji) produces the delimited, and this is the Absolute (Taiji). The Taiji produces two forms, named yin and yang. The two forms produce four phenomena, named lesser

21、yin, great yin (taiyin also means the Moon), lesser yang, great yang (taiyang also means the Sun). The four phenomena act on the eight trigrams (ba gua), eight eights are sixty-four hexagrams. 无极生有极、有极是太极、无极生有极、有极是太极、太极生两仪、即阴阳太极生两仪、即阴阳; ;两仪生四象两仪生四象: : 即少阴、太阴、少阳、太阳即少阴、太阴、少阳、太阳四象演八卦、八八六十四卦四象演八卦、八八六十四卦12/6/2021Derivation of the Earlier Heaven eight trigrams12/6/2021卦名卦名Name自然自然Nature方位方位Direction乾Qian天 Heaven南 South巽Xun风 Wind西南 Southwest坎Kan水 Water西 West艮Gen山 Mountain西北 Northwest坤Kun地 Earth北 North震Zhen雷 Th