基础学院 生理学理论授课教案

1、基础学院 生理学理论授课教案Formation and excretion of urine课程名称生理学章节（课题）Chapter oneFunctional anatomy of the kidney授课对象2005临床英文班授课时间2007年5月16日授课学时1学时授课地点第一教学楼，第六教室教学目的及要求1. to be familiar with Importance of the formation and excretion of urine2. to be familiar with General process of urine formation教学重点与难点本节重点】1

2、. Importance of the formation and excretion of urine教学方法1. 以大班课堂讲授为主，利用Powerpoint制作的多媒体教学课件，讲授中有机的采用启发式和直观式教学，以多媒体技术和实物投影教配合教学。2. 课后布置思考题辅助教学教具黑板、粉笔，多媒体课件板书提纲Section 8Formation and excretion of urine尿的生成与排出Introduction1. The excretory organs of the body: 2.Importance of the formation and excretion o

3、f urine(1) eliminating waste products of metabolism and foreign compounds from the body(2) maintaining the constancy of the volume and composition of the extracellular fluid(3) maintaining the electrolytic and acid-base balanceto maintain the homeostasisChapter oneFunctional anatomy of the kidneyNep

4、hron（肾单位）1. The nephron and collecting ductII. The cortical nephron and the juxtamedullary nephronIII. Juxtaglomerular apparatusIV.Blood supply of kidneys(I) Characteristics of the renal circulation2. Blood flow is not distributed uniformly :3. There are two capillary systemsGeneral process of urine

5、 formation1) the filtration of the glomerulus2) the reabsorption of the renal tubule and the collecting duct3) the excretion of the renal tubule and the collecting duct教学步骤Introduction （10 minutes）Chapter oneFunctional anatomy of the kidney （40 minutes）I.   The nephron and collecting duct

6、（10 minutes）II. The cortical nephron and the juxtamedullary nephron（10 minutes）III. Juxtaglomerular apparatus （10 minutes）IV.Blood supply of kidneys （10 minutes）思考题或作业1. describe the importance of the formation and excretion of urine2. How does the urine volume change, when the blood losses in a lar

7、ge quantity?教材及参考书1. Guyton AC., Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology, 10th edition. Philadelphi: Saunders, 2003.2. 闫剑群，吴博威主编生理学/textbook of physiology北京：科学出版社，20063. 姚泰主编.生理学.第六版.北京:人民卫生出版社.2003.钟国隆主编.生理学.第四版.北京:人民卫生出版社.2002.课后记这节复习肾脏的形态学知识对后面的讲解十分必要。导言时，综合循环、呼吸，消化功能和能代谢功能的核心是维持内环境的稳态，使学生对人体的整体功

8、能有一综合认识。课程名称生理学章节（课题）Chapter twoGLOMERULAR FILTRATIONChapter threetransport function of the tubule and the collecting duct授课对象2005临床英文班授课时间2007年5月18日授课学时2学时授课地点第一教学楼，第六教室教学目的及要求1. to master General process of urine formation2. to master FACTORS AFFECTING GFR教学重点与难点本节重点】1. Effective filtration pressu

9、re，FACTORS AFFECTING GFR，glomerular filtration rate， Glomerular filtration fraction教学方法1. 以大班课堂讲授为主，利用Powerpoint制作的多媒体教学课件，讲授中有机的采用启发式和直观式教学，以多媒体技术和实物投影教配合教学。2. 课后布置思考题辅助教学教具黑板、粉笔，多媒体课件板书提纲Chapter twoGLOMERULAR FILTRATIONGlomerular filtrate (肾小球滤液）I. Filtration membrane and its permeabilityFiltratio

10、n capability : Determined by (1) molecular weight (2) the charges carried by the filtrated substances. glomerular filtration rate, GFR（肾小球滤过率）:The quantity of glomerular filtrate formed per minute by two kidneysGlomerular filtration fraction（滤过分数）II. Driving Force of filtrationEffective filtration p

11、ressure (有效滤过压，EFP)EFP = capillary blood pressure -（plasma colloid osmotic pressure + hydrostatic pressure in Glomerular capsule）3.FACTORS AFFECTING GFR（I）permeability of filtration membrane（II）area of filtration membrane: （III）glomerular capillary pressure（IV）hydrostatic pressure in Glomerular caps

12、ule （V） plasma colloid osmotic pressure（VI）renal plasma flowChapter threetransport function of the tubule and the collecting ductI. proximal tubule (近端小管）1. Na+, Cl- and water reabsorption 2. Reabsorption of HCO3 and secretion of H+3. Reabsorption of K+4. Reabsorption of glucosethe renal glucos

13、e threshold (肾糖阈)II. Henles loop 20% Na+，K+ ，Cl- were absorbed here， Na+:K+ :2Cl- symport (同向转运）Importance ：concentration of urine III. Distal tubule and collecting duct1. Secretion of K+2. Secretion of H+3. Secretion of NH3教学步骤Chapter twoGLOMERULAR FILTRATION（20minutes）I. Filtration membrane and it

14、s permeability II. Driving Force of filtration I. FACTORS AFFECTING GFR Chapter threetransport function of the tubule and the collecting duct（80minutes）I. proximal tubule (近端小管）（30minutes）1. Na+, Cl- and water reabsorption 2. Reabsorption of HCO3 and secretion of H+3. Reabsorption of K+4. Reabs

15、orption of glucose the renal glucose threshold (肾糖阈)II. Henles loop （10minutes）20% Na+，K+ ，Cl- were absorbed here， Na+:K+ :2Cl- symport (同向转运）Importance ：concentration of urine III. Distal tubule and collecting duct（30minutes）1. Secretion of K+2. Secretion of H+3. Secretion of NH3思考题或作业1. describe t

16、he factors that affect the glomerular filtration.2. How does the urine volume change, when the blood losses in a large quantity?3. explain : GFR, effective filtration pressure教材及参考书1. Guyton AC., Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology, 10th edition. Philadelphi: Saunders, 2003.2. 闫剑群，吴博威主编生理学/textb

17、ook of physiology北京：科学出版社，20063. 姚泰主编.生理学.第六版.北京:人民卫生出版社.2003.4. 钟国隆主编.生理学.第四版.北京:人民卫生出版社.2002.课后记今日全校停电，只好以板书形式上课。这一节动画较多，虽然上课时现画的图，但效果还是不如动画，下次课想办法以复习的方式补充动画。课程名称生理学章节（课题）Chapter fourUrine concentration and dilutionChapter fiveRegulation of renal function授课对象2005临床英文班授课时间2007年5月28日授课学时2学时授课地点第一教学楼

18、，第六教室教学目的及要求1. to master mechanism of concentration of urine2. to be familiar with the clearance。教学重点与难点本节重点】1. Mechanism of concentration of urine【本节难点】1. Mechanism of concentration of urine教学方法1. 以大班课堂讲授为主，利用Powerpoint制作的多媒体教学课件，讲授中有机的采用启发式和直观式教学，以多媒体技术和实物投影教配合教学。2. 课后布置思考题辅助教学教具黑板、粉笔，多媒体课件板书提纲Cha

19、pter fourUrine concentration and dilutionI. Formation of renal medullar osmolality gradient Hyperosmotic urine Hyposmotic urineIsosmotic urine I. Formation of renal medullar osmolality gradientThe renal osmolality gradient is the precondition of the urine concentration and dilution(I) COUNTERCURRENT

20、 MULTIPLIER逆流倍增现象(II) Mechanism of concentration of urinecortexOuter M.inner M.Na+Cl-H2OH2OUrineUrineNaClH2ONaClH2OADH1234Chapter fiveRegulation of renal functionI. Autoregulation of renal function 1. Solute concentration in the tubules 2. Glomerulotubular balance球-管平衡(1) Definition: (2) Importance(

21、3) Mechanism II. Neural and humoral regulation (I) The effects of renal sympathetic nerve(II) antidiuretic hormone （抗利尿激素, ADH; Vasopressin）1. origin ：2. Effects of ADH:3. Regulation of ADH secretionWater diuresis：水利尿(III) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system肾素血管紧张素醛固酮系统1. Formation of angiotensin I

22、I2. Effects of angiotensin II on urine formation3. Mechanism of aldosterone (IV) Atrial natriuretic peptide 心房钠尿肽（ANP）effects： Chapter six Clearance (清除率 )Definition of clearanceC = U*V/PClearance of glucose is ml/min Clearance of urea is 70 ml/minimportance41. Measure of GFR2. measure of renal plas

23、ma flowChapter seven MICTURITION尿的排放1.innervation of bladder and urethra2. Reflex of micturition 排尿反射Bladder contractsUrine in bladder internal sphincter (-)receptor(+)urethraPelvic nerve(+)Stretch receptorSacral segment of the cord Pelvic nerve pudic nerve external sphincter (-) micturition Cerebra

24、l cortex enuresisIncontinence of urineUrinary retention教学步骤Chapter fourUrine concentration and dilution（20minutes）I. Formation of renal medullar osmolality gradientIIMechanism of concentration of urineChapter fiveRegulation of renal function（50minutes）I. Autoregulation of renal function 1. Solute concentration in the tubules 2. Glomerulotubular balance球-管平衡II. Neural and humoral regulation (I)