句子成分教学课件

1、词类名词，代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，连词，介词，冠词，感叹词。友情提示：同一个单词可能有几种词性。比如，work既是动词又是名词。 名词,名就是名称-人或事物的名称. 代词，替代，主要是来替代名词 动词,“动”就是动作-人的五官动作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大脑动作(心理活动):think(想),imagine(想象).也有些动词是表示静止的，如：am，is，are。 形容词，我们在谈论人或物时，常说：“你描述一下是什么样子 副词likelyfiendlylovelylonelyweeklymonthlyyearly 介词，at,by,in,on为四大“要犯

2、”！名词、冠词连词，不能单独作句子成分，只能和其他词类一起作句子成分。 冠词，aan(不定冠词)the(定冠词)， 数词，基数词和序数词 感叹词，主要是来表示喜怒哀乐等感情的根据对词类的概念的理解，指出下面单词的词类： 1deep 2finger 3fly 4papers 5pass 6refuse 7size 8spoon 9delicious 10thick 11town12map 13myself 14and 15on 16sheep 17ship 18mine 19important 20an 21catch 22first 23laugh 24third 25leave 26here

3、 27fly 28home 29round 30sing 31blind 32but 33eighth 34about 35bad 36yours 37child 38against 39ah 40with 41cinema 42Tuesday43cheap 44advice 45two 46they 47able 48for 49say 50quickly 51if 句 子 成 分Members of a Sentence能“分”能“合”，（分，是为了更快的理解句义，合，是为了更好的理解句义）怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后

4、面要跟to do,哪些动词后面要跟doing,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆。*句子成分由词或词组充当英语的基本成分有七种：_和_主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一： （主谓）二： （主系表）三： （主谓宾）四： （主谓间宾直宾）五： （主谓宾宾补）基本句型 一： （主谓）主语：谓语：动词构成，在主语之后。不及

5、物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. （不及物动词）1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做vi.基本句型 二： （主系表）一be动词类：am、is、are、was、were 二表示变化类：become、get、turn、grow、go 三感官动词类:眼（look）耳(sound)鼻(smel

6、l)舌(taste) (feel) 四表示延续性的动词：remain、stay、keep 什么是表语呀？表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词）二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。 1 Tomisastudent. 2 Heisfat. 3 Sheisintheroom. 4 Katewashereyesterday. 5 Myfatherbecameateacherin1978. 6 Theweatherget

7、shotinsummer. 7 Shelooksbeautiful. 8 Theflowersmellsgood. 9 Thesouptastesdelicious. 10 Thechairisyours. 11 Thechildrenareasleep. 12 Thelittlegirlissix. 13 Myworkistolookafterthebaby. 14 Hisjobistakingcareofthepatient. *There be 结构： There be 表示存在有。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词there那里混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物 试比较

8、：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词那里。基本句型 三： （主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词(vt.)。 （及物动词） （宾语）1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said Good morning. 基本句型 四： （主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语

9、，eg：give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Show this house to Mr. Smith.-Bring it to me, please. （及物） （多指人） （多指物）She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me

10、 how to run the machine. 基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。The war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teachers ask the students to close the windows.I s

11、aw a cat running across the road.名词/代词宾格 + n./adj./ 介词短语/动词不定式/分词a， b， c， d， e， 1，Pleas tell us a story._2, She smiled._3. I have a lot work to do._4. His job is to train swimmers._5. He noticed a man enter the room._6. Please look at the picture._daebec但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或

12、后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（adj./adv./num.数词）短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语The little boy needs a blue pen. 一、 定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，译为的定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。复合不定代词（something/nothing）之后；不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰的成分后；副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。找出定语Two boys need two pens.His name is Tom.The boy in blue is Tom.The bo

13、y there needs a pen.The boy needs a ball pen. There is nothing to do today.The pen bought by her is made in China.The boy you will know is Tom. 二、状语：什么人在什么时间什么地点用什么方式做了什么事 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等-The boy needs a pen now.-The boy needs a pen very much.可用作状语的有副词,不定式，分词，介词短语

14、，从句等。 In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 介词短语作状语：一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students i

15、n the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二) 挑出下列句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.(三) 挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgo

16、t to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lil

17、y sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the l

18、ibrary because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.划分句子成分You will tell your friend that youve got to school. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell （your） friend that youve