高中英语外研版高中选修7Scopeandsequence-长难句

1、新课改下农村高中51111教学构架课例“一划二括三会意，读懂高考长难句” 第1课时。科主备教师：张建涛一、内容及其解析：本节课是在学生学习了外研版选修6后进入高三的基础上的专题复习课。由于在英语阅读中，长难句的理解和分析应用有着非常重要的作用，所以在本学科中有重要的地位，是本学科的核心内容。围绕“大纲、课标、教材、课堂、学生”五个方面，教学的重点是分析长难句的构成，解决重点的关键是要引导分析长难句的三个步骤。二、目标及其解析知识与技能 使学生准确理解长难句是考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能。2过程与方法培养学生独立思考与相互交流结合的意识，使学生基本掌握一划二括三会意。遇到长难句，我们先圈出连词，然

2、后分析主句以及分句的句子结构, 先判断句子的主干部分(主谓宾, 或主系表)。在理解了句子的主干意思后，再理解修饰、补充成分。培养学生形成知识间相互联系的意识，为进一步学习作好准备.3情感、态度与价值观 通过阅读外国的优秀文章，了解异国文化，吸取优秀的文化知识的养分来培养学生的爱国主义精神提高我们的文化自信。在知识的应用中，培养学生科学分析，研究的意识和能力，以及乐于探索、勇于创新的科学精神进行德育渗透。 三、问题诊断分析在本节课的教学中，学生可能遇到的问题是对长难句的分析方法不会熟练应用，产生这一问题的原因是英语的基础语法之间的联系太多。要解决这一问题，就要引导学生讨论，讲、议、练相结合。四、

3、教学支持条件分析在本节课排列的教学中，准备使用多媒体。因为使用多媒体，有利于提高教学容量，视觉效果好。五、教学方法、学法指导、教学过程分析教师利用我校“51111”教学构架教学，学生以自主学习、小组讨论为主，教师首先进行长难句的初体验并设置问题: Which aspect is the most difficult for you when learning English ?引入新课，学生自主学习，小组讨论问题，教师对长难句的结构分析方法适度点拨，学生再探究教师给的例句，小组分别展示成果，教师适度点拨，教师再补充讲解两个例题，进行小组PK赛，教师精讲，最后学生自主评价：小结和当堂检测。六、教

4、学过程Step1: Greetings and lead-inGreeting as usual T: As we all know, we have learned English nearly six year. Though it is beautiful, it is difficult to learn it well as a second language right? Actually, most of us have difficulties in learning English and the difficulties vary so much from person t

5、o person. Such as hard of hearing, less words, confusion of grammer and ideams, even poor writing skills and comprehension right? So ,here, please think them over and answer my question. Question:Which one is the most difficult for you when learning English ? Any volunteers? S1: I think I have some

6、diffeiculties in listening to some speakers. S2: I strongly believe that the most difficult thing is to recite the spelling and the meaning of some vocabulary . T: Yes, may be vocabulary and grammar are very important and we have been doing vocabulary over half year this term. We read them, recite t

7、hem , do dictation and exercise about them.Step2: Showing /Presenting T: Here, please look at this sentence on the screen. please look at this sentence, whats your feeling about it?eg. The opinion that breakfast is the most basic meal of the day is so widespread that an increasing number of people a

8、re surprised to learn that there is a lack of scientific evidence showing how breakfast may directly cause changes in our health. Its too long to understand it well right. The first trying.( . ) S1: S2: Its too long to understand right. Actually, in order to get higher score and have a better unders

9、tanding in college entrance examination, we must and have to deal with some long sentences. So ,I will share the ways of how to analyze a long sentence by seeing this class.Step3: Teaching aim The formation of long sentence. (understand)Three steps to analyze a long sentence.(master)(difficult and i

10、mportant part)Exercise on long sentence.Step4: Section oneHow is a long sentence formed? Lets move to section one. Please look at the changes of these sentences and make a conclusion.(There are five sentences, what happened?)He works hard.He works hard for a company.He works hard for a company which

11、 was founded in 2023. Living with his son, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2023. Living with his son, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2023 and most of his workmates show great respect for him.The formation; s+v+o Prepositional phrases A long sentence clauses no pred

12、icate verbs. structuresSection two: Three steps to analyze a long sentence. This part is the most important and difficult part in this lesson. Please lokk at these two sentences.Find out the trunk and underline it.Sentence1:Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world that is far busier, nos

13、ier and more intimate(亲密的) than the one we can see and hear.(2023年全国二卷) 2: Bed that are too small, shower heads(淋浴喷头) that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room（腿部空间）all make life difficult for those of above average height.Add the bracket to modifiers.Sentence1: Two of the aut

14、hors of the review made a study published in 2023 which showed a five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2023全国一卷语法填空) 2: For many older people who lived in the country, driving was very important for preserving their independence, giv

15、ing them the freedom to get out without having to rely on others. (2023全国二卷D篇)Pay attention to the parallel structures.Eg: In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and

16、the culture which they reflect. (2023年全国一卷阅读D篇) T: When we do some comprehension, there must be some words that we dont know. But it doesnt matter because most of time, only by analyze the sentence structure, can we have a better understanding of meaning of the sentences.高考长难句分析口诀长难句，看仔细。一划二括三会意。主谓宾

17、，先注意。（一划）(介短非谓和从句)。（二括）抓主题，去修饰。（三会意）逻辑关系要注意。T: So ,lets move to section Three. Please look at your paper sheet , Ill give you 4 minutes to discuss sentence 7.8.9 with your partner, then show your answers and check it. 1. Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by i

18、nsects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2023年全国二卷)2. When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately (2023年全国三卷7选5阅读)3. In his first years of high school, he would look pityingly at music students

19、, _1_ across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, turning up at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there. (2023年江苏卷完形填空) = 1 * GB3 学生讨论 = 2 * GB3 学生在ppt上展示答案 教师指导 = 3 * GB3 check the answer T: All of you did a good job, now, lets look at the first long sentence again. Ca

20、n you know the main idea now? eg: The opinion that breakfast is the most basic meal of the day is so widespread that an increasing number of people are surprised to learn that there is a lack of scientific evidence showing how breakfast may directly cause changes in our health.Step 5: Practice and h

21、omework1.(2023年全国1卷阅读理解A篇)Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. 句意：这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。 分析：本句为复合句。其中，one指代前面的accomplishment，后面为定语从句，修饰先行词one，且从句使用了cannot和without表示双重否定

22、。2.(2023年全国1卷阅读理解D篇)Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole. 句意：接着把管子放在恰当的位置，使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。 分析：本句为复合句。主句lay the tube in place为祈使句；so that引导目的状语从句，从句是and连接的并列句。 3.(2023年全国1卷阅读七选五)If anyone

23、 had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.句意：如果三年前有人告诉我会用大部分的周末时间来野营，我会狂笑不已。分析：本句为主从复合句。if引导的是条件状语从句，因表示对与过去事实相反的假设，所以本句中条件句使用过去完成时。此外从句中包含了一个that引导宾语从句。4.(2023年全国1卷完形填空)Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.句意：

24、我不知道我竟然会爱上美式手语。分析：此句为倒装句，little为否定词，当否定词位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。5.(2023年全国1卷完形填空)What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past. 句意：我所看到的和我之前经历的完全不同。分析：此句中what 引导的是主语从句，作句子的主语。此外，I had experienced in the past为定语从句，修饰先行词anything。 6. (2023年全国1卷完形填空)Instead, if there had been any talki

25、ng, it would have caused us to learn less. 句意：相反，如果有任何交谈，那会导致我们学到较少的东西。 分析：本句为复合句。if引导的是虚拟条件句，表示对过去的虚拟，所以本句中条件状语从句使用过去完成时there had been；主句使用“would have done”结构。7.(2023年全国卷阅读理解A篇)By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre cr

26、eates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.句意：通过把爱的徒劳那丰富、幽默的文本翻译成手语，Deafinitely 剧院创造了一种对莎士比亚喜剧新的解释，通过向失聪人群和听力健全人群演出，旨在在失聪和有声世界之间搭建一座桥梁。分析：在本句中，By translating . BSL为方式状语，and连接creates和aims两个动

27、词作并列谓语。 8.(2023年全国卷阅读理解B篇)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.（同位语从句、让步状语从句）句意：拍电影和四年后出演The Sting的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实：尽管

28、我们存在年龄差距，但我们都源自戏剧和直播电视的传统。 分析：本句的主干是 The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中，grew out of. later为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词friendship；后面的although there was . live TV为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。此外，同位语从句中还包含了一个although引导的让步状语从句。 9.(2023年全国卷阅读理解B篇)We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have suc

29、cess, you should put something back 一 he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.（同位语从句、条件状语从句、定语从句）句意：我们有着这样的信念如果足够幸运获得成功，就应该有所回馈。他成立了 Newmans Own食品公司和为病重的孩子成立了Hole in the Wall camps夏令营，而我成立了圣丹斯

30、协会和电影节。分析：本句中，that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容；同位语从句中包含了一个if引导的条件状语从句；破折号后出现了一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词kid。 10.(2023年全国卷阅读理解C篇)Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet .句意：Terraf

31、ugia 说机主需要通过测试并且完成20个小时的飞行时间才能驾驶 Transition，这一要求对于飞行员来说相对容易满足。分析：本句中 a requirement 为同位语，是对前面的内容作补充说明，pilots would find relatively easy to meet是定语从句，省略了充当宾语的关系代词that/which，修饰先行词requirement。11.(2023年全国卷阅读理解D篇) Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees

32、getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. (宾语从句、非谓语动词、定语从句)句意：早在1983年，杰克舒尔茨和伊恩鲍德温两个科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年轻枫树释放会一种邻近的植物能够获得的特殊气味。分析：本句中that引导宾语从句，作reported的宾语，从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smell。getting bitten by insects为现在分词作后置定语，修饰maple trees。 12.(2023年全国卷阅读七选五)If someo

33、ne knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint (暗示）that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.句意为：如果有人敲门，并且不是什么重要的事情，那就礼貌地谢绝，让别人知道你很忙，这样他们就会得到暗示，当门关着的时候，你不想被打扰。分析：本句为if引导条件状语从句。在主句中，youre busy是know的宾语从句；so引导结果状语从句，在

34、结果状语从句中包含一个that引导同位语从句，解释说明hint的内容。同时同位语从句又包含了一个when引导时间状语从句，因此句子的主句为youre not to be disturbed.。 13.(2023年全国卷阅读理解B篇)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.（定语从句）句意：布拉德福德把建筑物和土地卖给了一家当地的开发商，这家开发商

35、打算在电影院所在的土地上建一个购物中心。分析：本句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a local development firm；此外，定语从句中又包含一个where引导的定语从句。(2023年全国卷阅读理解D篇)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers

36、and to discover where the key stress points are. (非谓语动词、宾语从句)句意：纽卡斯尔大学的智能运输团队已经把电动汽车转变成名叫“DriveLAB”的移动实验室，目的是了解老年人司机面临的挑战和发现关键的问题所在。15.(2023年全国卷阅读理解D篇)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the fre

37、edom to get out and about without having to rely on others.句意：对于很多老年人来说，特别是那些独自居住在乡间的老年人，驾驶对于保持他们（老年人）的独立性是非常重要的，这也给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。 16.(2023年全国卷阅读理解D篇)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming mor

38、e isolated (隔绝) and inactive.句意：研究表明，放弃驾驶是导致老年人健康状况下降的主要原因之一，导致他们变得更加隔绝和懒散。分析：that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中giving up driving为动名词短语作主语，leading to.作现在分词作状语。 17.(2023年全国卷完形填空) Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either trav

39、el with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.句意：Axani 在他的帖中说：他并不是寻求任何回报，使用这张多余机票的女士可以选择与他一起旅行，或者拿走机票自己旅行。分析：本句中，thatand that是并列的两个宾语从句，作wrote的宾语， who uses the extra ticket为定语从句，修饰先行词the woman。18.(2023全国新课标甲卷阅读理解B篇) His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.分析：本句为复合句；that引导的是宾语从句，作meant的宾语；在宾语从句中包含了由whose引导的定语从句，关系词whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系。句意：他的出现意味着课堂上我有一个意料之外的教学助手，他的创造力会感染其他学生。19. (2023全国新课标甲卷阅读理解C篇) Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book