英语考试作文-GRE写作Issue部分精品素材分享之知识论

1、文档编码 : CM1T9B2M2F3 HW5J7Z8S7Q1 ZS5A8E5O10J6英语考试作文GRE写作 Issue 部分精品素材共享之学问论想要在 GRE作文部分的考试中写出优秀 的文章,论据素材是重要的一环；好的论据不仅能帮忙你支撑观点,加强说服力,仍能表达出考生在阅读量上的积存和深厚扎实的语言功 底基础；特别是 ISSUE作文,更是需要大量好素材作为储备,才能保 证考生无论遭受那种题目, 都能游刃有余地完成一篇高分作文的写作；为大家整理了 GRE ISSUE作文各类题目的精品优质素材, 一起来看吧；亚里士多德观点：学问的定义“We suppose ourselves to posse

2、ss unqualified scientific knowledge of a thing, as opposed to knowing it in the accidental way in which the sophist knows, when we think that we know the cause on which the fact depends, as the cause of that fact and of no other, and, further, that the fact could not be other than it is. Now that sc

3、ientific knowing is something of this sort is evidentwitnesses both those who falsely claim it and those who actually possess it, since the former merely imagine themselves to be, while the latter are also actually, in the condition described. Consequently the proper object of unqualified scientific

4、 knowledge is something which cannot be other than it is.”Aristotle, Posterior Analytics Book 1 Part 2 关于学问定义的争议 The definition of knowledge is a matter of on-going debate among philosophers in the field of epistemology. The classical definition, described but not ultimately endorsed by Plato, has i

5、t that in order for there to be knowledge at least three criteria must be fulfilled; that in order to count as knowledge, a statement must be justified, true, and believed. Some claim that these conditions are not sufficient, as Gettier case examples allegedly demonstrate. There are a number of alte

6、rnatives proposed, including Robert Nozicks arguments for a requirement that knowledge “ tracks the truth” and Simon Blackburn s additional requirement that we do not want to say that those who meet any of these conditions “ through a defect, flaw, or failure” have knowledge. Richard Kirkham suggest

7、s that our definition of knowledge requires that the believers evidence is such that it logically necessitates the truth of the belief. 学问的概念Knowledge is defined Oxford English Dictionary variously as 1 expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or pr

8、actical understanding of a subject, 2 what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information or 3 awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. Philosophical debates in general start with Platos formulation of knowledge as “ justified true belief” . There is h

9、owever no single agreed definition of knowledge presently, nor any prospect of one, and there remain numerous competing theories. 感知的概念Perception is defined as a process by which organisms interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world. Sensation usually refers to t

10、he immediate, relatively unprocessed result of stimulation of sensory receptors in the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, or skin. Perception, on the other hand, better describes ones ultimate experience of the world and typically involves further processing of sensory input. In practice, sensation and perce

11、ption are virtually impossible to separate, because they are part of one continuous process. Our sense organs translate physical energy from the environment into electrical impulses processed by the brain. For example, light, in the form of electromagnetic radiation, causes receptor cells in our eye

12、s to activate and send signals to the brain. But we do not understand these signals as pure energy. The process of perception allows us to interpret them as objects, events, people, and situations. Without the ability to organize and interpret sensations, life would seem like a meaningless jumble of colors, shapes, and sounds. A person without any perceptual ability would not be able to recognize faces