考研考博-英语-四川华新现代职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川华新现代职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacenturylongstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworkers.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.

Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilitiesandemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AfterWorldWarII,forinstance,businessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactories,thusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactory,andwomencouldbequitelegallyfired,refusedjobs,orkeptatlowwagelevels,allinthenameof“protecting”theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuits,thecourtshaveconspiredovertheyearsinestablishingdifferentlessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametime,eventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakers,courtsandemployershaveoftenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.

Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworker,buthasnoeffectwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescan’tbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.

Insum,protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostayandthattheirneeds—goodhealthcare,adecentwage,andasafeworkplace—aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment.

9.Accordingtotheauthor,whichismosthelpfulindecidingthevalueofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomen?

10.Speciallaborlawsprotectingwomenworkerstendto（）.

11.Itcanbeinferredthatmanyemployeehealthinsuranceplans（）.

12.Ashortcomingofprotectivelaborlawsthatsingleoutaparticulargroupofworkersforprotectionis（）.

问题1选项

A.Anestimateofthenumberofwomenworkersinfavorofsuchlaws.

B.Ananalysisofthecosttoemployersofcompliancewithsuchlaws.

C.Asurveyoftheactualeffectssuchlawshavehadonwomenworkers.

D.Aconsiderationoftherealintentionsheldbytheadvocatesofsuchlaws.

问题2选项

A.makeitlesslikelythatwomenwillbeemployed

B.havelittleimpactofanykindonwomenworkers

C.modifythestereotypesthatemployersoftenholdconcerningwomen

D.increasethelikelihoodthatemployersdenywomendisabilityplans

问题3选项

A.meetminimumlegalrequirements

B.lackthespecialprovisionsforwomenworkers

C.coveronlysomecommonmedicalconditionsaffectingwomen

D.paythemedicalcostsassociatedwithpregnancyandchildbirth

问题4选项

A.suchlawsareoftentooweaktobeeffectiveatprotectingthegroupinquestion

B.employer’scompliancewithsuchlawsresultsinincreasedtensionamongworkers

C.suchlawsexertnopressureonemployerstoeliminatehazardsintheworkplace

D.compliancewithsuchlawsisoftencostlyforemployersconcerned

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】9.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.（即使对法院和雇主的历史实践进行简单的考察，也会发现这些法律的结果是苦涩的：在实践中，它们更多的是诅咒而不是祝福。），说明调查这些法律的实际影响是最有助于决定妇女特殊劳动保护法的价值的。因此C选项“调查这类法律对女工的实际影响”正确。A选项“对赞成这种法律的女工人数的估计”，B选项“对雇主遵守这类法律的成本的分析”，D选项“对这类法律的倡导者所持的真实意图的思考”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

10.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.（最后，仅保护特殊群体的劳动法往往无法保护实际工作中的工人。例如，一些化学物质对育龄妇女构成生育风险；使用这些化学物质的制造商遵守保护妇女免受这些危险的法律，拒绝雇用她们。），说明保护女工的特殊劳动法并不能保护她们的权益，反而会造成女性就业的困难。因此A选项“使女性就业的可能性降低”正确。B选项“对女工影响不大”，C选项“改变雇主对女性经常持有的刻板印象”，D选项“增加了雇主拒绝女性残疾计划的可能性”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

11.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“healthinsuranceplans”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.（立法者和法院继续允许雇主为雇员提供医疗保险计划，该计划涵盖所有已知的人类医疗残疾，但与怀孕和分娩有关的残疾除外。），说明医疗保险计划涵盖大多数常见的疾病，但和女性相关的除外。因此B选项“缺乏对女工的特殊规定”正确。A选项“符合最低法律要求”，C选项“只涵盖一些影响妇女的常见病症”，D选项“支付与怀孕和生育有关的医疗费用”均不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到第三段，第三段首先说到Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.（最后，仅保护特殊群体的劳动法往往无法保护实际工作中的工人。），后面又举了化学工厂的例子Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescan’tbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.（在这些工厂中，对男性工人健康的危险也不能被忽略，既然那些化学毒素能导致胎儿的生育缺陷或使妇女不育，那么推而广之，其必然会对人类的新陈代谢有害。），说明将某一特定劳动者群体单列出来加以保护的法律并不能解决实际问题，比如化学工厂对工人造成的危害依旧存在，因为这些工厂不会消除化学毒素的危害，只会遵守保护女性避免这些危险的法律而拒绝招聘她们。因此C选项“这些法律不会对雇主施加压力，使其消除工作场所的危害”正确。A选项“这种法律往往太弱，不能有效地保护有关群体”，B选项“雇主遵守这些法律导致工人之间的紧张关系加剧”，D选项“对有关雇主来说，遵守这些法律的成本往往很高”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，D错误。

2.单选题

Inarguingagainstassertionsthatenvironmentalcatastropheisimminent,herbookdoesnotridiculeallpredictionsofdoombutratherclaimsthattherisksofharmhaveinmanycasesbeen（

）.

问题1选项

A.exaggerated

B.derided

C.ignored

D.scrutinized

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。通过Inarguingagainstassertionsthatenvironmentalcatastropheisimminent可知这里驳斥的是environmentalcatastropheisimminent，所以对下文claim的内容应该与这个相反：即认为环境灾难并没有临近，这些风险只是被夸大了。exaggerat夸张；deride嘲笑；ignore忽视；scrutinize详细检查。句意：在对环境灾难临近的观点进行驳斥的过程中，她的作品并没有嘲笑所有的厄运预测，而是指出灾害的风险在许多情况下被夸大了。

3.单选题

Piratedcompactdisksandfloppydisksremainedthesecondbiggestvehicleforthespreadofcomputervirusesdespitethegovernments’determinedeffortstoquashsoftwarepiracy.

问题1选项

A.boost

B.prevent

C.crush

D.restrict

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管政府决心……盗版软件，但是盗版光碟和软盘仍然是电脑病毒传播的第二大媒介。boost“使增长，使兴旺”；prevent“预防，阻止”；crush“压碎，捣碎”；restrict“（以法规）限制；约束”。根据后面的“softwarepiracy”可知是“政府打击盗版软件”，推测出划线单词quash的意思是“打击，镇压”，因此选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Theroleofaprofessional（）istohelptwopartiessolveconflictorappeasedisputethroughskillfuluseoflanguage.

问题1选项

A.senator

B.supervisor

C.negotiator

D.mediator

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项senator“参议员”，B选项supervisor“监督人，指导者”，C选项negotiator“谈判人，协商者”，D选项mediator“调停者”，句意：专业谈判者的作用是通过熟练运用语言来帮助双方解决冲突或平息争端。因此，C选项符合句意。

5.单选题

Thesebooksarebothinterestingandinstructive,nowonderthey（）thereadingpublic.

问题1选项

A.appealto

B.applyto

C.approveof

D.ascendto

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这些书既有趣又有教育意义，难怪它们对广大读者有吸引力。

考查短语辨析。appealto呼吁，上诉，对…有吸引力；applyto适用于，应用于；approveof赞成；ascendto上溯，上升。根据前半句句意“这些书既有趣又有教育意义”可知A符合句意。

6.单选题

Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.

Wedon'talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon'tmeananythingexcept“I'mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon'treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI'msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI'mfeeling."Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner."ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI'llbuy."Theownersays,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears."Actually,thestephasn'tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:"Idon'twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan'tyou?"Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.

Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheoiliercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend'sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays"No”toaserialsofchargeslike“You'redumb.”“You'relazy,”and“You'redishonest,”mayalsosay“No”andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyou'regoodlooking.”

Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeen

nicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.

1.“I'mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph2means（

）.

2.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartners,if

（

）.

3.Thehouse-owner'sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans

（

）.

4.Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone（

）.

问题1选项

A.I'mjustcallingyourattention.

B.I'mjustkidding.

C.I'mjustsayingtheopposite.

D.I'mjustgivingoffsomesound.

问题2选项

A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas

B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings

C.theytrytounderstandeachother'sideasbeyondwords

D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords

问题3选项

A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears.

B.hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep.

C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault.

D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared.

问题4选项

A.withouttrueintention

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由“Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexceptI’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.我们并不总是言出必行。有时候我们说的话没有任何意义，只是在发泄。我真的不希望你仔细听我说的话。但是请注意我的感受。”可知B项“我在开玩笑”正确。答案B。

第2题:细节事实题。由第一段中的“Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.词汇确实给我们提供了一些信息，但它的意义来自于如此多的其他来源，以至于过多依赖言语会阻碍我们与他人交流的有效性。”可知D项正确，不能太依赖字面意思，而是要根据具体语境去联想，这样才能增加交流的有效性。答案D

第3题:细节事实题。由“Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:‘Idon’twanttofixit…’事实上，这个台阶已经很多年来不是这样的，但其中隐含的信息是：‘我不想把它修好……’”对应可知B项正确。

第4题:词义题。此题可以根据排除法来做。由“withemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.”可知这句话“如果你能来那真是太好了”可以用强调、兴奋或仪式性的语气说出来。可先排除B、D项，A项“没有真正的意图”也不符合。所以ritualistically意为仪式地。答案Ctically只可能与C项意思接近，答案C

7.单选题

Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefataldiseasescannowbecuredbymodemdrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusmotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblyinjuredeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.

Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.Theyswear,theyareill-manneredandaggressive,willfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.

Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehavior.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.

Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson'sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notmotor-cars.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）.

2.WhichofthestatementsbelowisNOTinkeepingwiththeimplicationofthe2ndparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacounter-measureagainsttrafficaccidents?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesocialphenomenonis（

）.

问题1选项

A.trafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotorists

B.onlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventroadaccidents

C.thelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolax

D.thousandsofpeopleovertheworldarekilledeachyear

问题2选项

A.Peopleusuallycannotstayquietandpleasantwhiledriving.

B.Peopleareusuallybesidethemselveswhentheyaredriving.

C.People'shiddenabilitiesareoftenbroughtintofullplaybytheactofdriving.

D.People’sbadqualitiesandemotionscanbefullyexposedbytheactofdriving.

问题3选项

A.Makingdrivingteststandardizedandmoredifficult.

B.Raisingagelimitfordriversandretestingthemregularly.

C.Restrictingthespeedofdrivingwithinreasonablelimits.

D.Testingtheamountofalcoholindrivers’bloodfrequently.

问题4选项

A.ironical

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.militant

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本题询问这篇阅读的中心思想。A选项意为“交通事故主要是由摩托车引起的”；B选项意为“只有更严格的交通法规能够阻止事故的发生”；C选项意为“一些国家关于驾驶的法规太过松弛”；D选项意为“每年全世界有几千人丧生”。分析全文内容可知，文章前几段主要分析了造成事故的几个原因，而最后一段得出的结论是应该通过更严格的交通法规才能更好地制止交通事故的发生，所以B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。本题询问下列哪一项论述不符合第二段的内容。A选项意为“人们开车时通常无法保持安静愉快的心情”；B选项意为“当人们开车时，他们通常会发狂”；C选项意为“通常人们隐藏的能力会通过驾驶行为充分地发挥出来”；D选项意为“人们的坏品质和负面情感会通过驾驶行为完全被公开”。根据原文“Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.有人说得对，当一个人坐在方向盘后面，他的车就成了他个性的延伸。毫无疑问，汽车常常显露出一个人最坏的品质。”可知人们在驾驶时的情绪和个人品质会通过驾驶行为显露出来，C选项正确；由原文“Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.通常安静而愉快的人，当他们坐在方向盘后面时，可能会变得面目无睹。”可知本段中并没有说人们开车总是无法保持安静和愉快，A选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。本题询问下列哪一项没有被作为阻止交通事故发生的一项对策提及。A选项意为“将驾照考试更标准化和增加难度”；B选项意为“提高驾驶员的年龄限制并定期复查”；C选项意为“将驾驶速度限制在合理的范围内”；D选项意为“经常测试司机血液中的酒精量”。根据原文最后一段中提出了的如何降低摩托车事故发生的方式“驾驶测试应当标准化，比现在要更严格；所有四级每三年考核一次；年轻人驾车的允许年龄应提高到21岁；全部机动车每年都应经过严格的安全测试”可知D选项没有提及符合题意。

4.观点态度题。本题询问作者对于这种社会现象的态度。A选项意为“讽刺的”；B选项意为“批判的”；C选项意为“漠不关心的”；D选项意为“富有战斗性的”。文章的前三段分别给出了导致交通事故发生的几个原因，作者也呼吁各国制定更为严格的交通法规来阻止事故的发生，而对于摩托车事故，作者一直持批评的态度，B选项正确。

8.单选题

Thespeakerwasregardedasatroublemakerbecauseshe（

）thegrantingofequalitytoallregardlessofrace,colororsex.

问题1选项

A.verified

B.developed

C.adopted

D.advocated

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这个发言人被当作是一个制造麻烦的人，因为她鼓吹人人平等的理念一无论种族、肤色或者性别。

动词辨析。Verified核实，证实;developed发展;adopted采用;advocated鼓吹某种道德、理念或者思想。根据题目空白处后面所接的宾语“人人平等的理念”可以推断出答案为D。

9.单选题

Negativedatasurpriseshaveforcedmanytodowngradetheirforecastsforgrowthandpolicyimplications,especiallyintheUS.

问题1选项

A.reject

B.reduce

C.reform

D.reserve

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reject“拒绝；排斥；抵制”；B选项reduce“减少；降低”；C选项reform“改革；革新”；D选项reserve“储备；保留；预约”。句意：出人意料的负面数据迫使许多人……了对增长和政策影响的预测，尤其是在美国。由逻辑关系可知，主语Negativedatasurprises“出人意料的负面数据”会降低人们forecastsforgrowthandpolicyimplications“对增长和政策影响的预测”。因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Idon’tthinkJohnsonwillsucceedinhisnewjob,forheisnot（

）todothattypeof

work.

问题1选项

A.compatible

B.convenient

C.consistent

D.competent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。compatible“兼容的，能共处的”；convenient“方便的”；consistent“始终如一的，一致的”；competent“能胜任的，有能力的”。句意：我认为约翰逊的新工作不会成功，因为他不能胜任这份工作。becompetentto“胜任······”，所以选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Theydon’tknowhowtoputinacentral-heatingsystem,buttheymanageditbytrialand______.

问题1选项

A.fault

B.slop

C.error

D.mistake

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.fault过错；缺点B.slop泔水；（倒掉的）剩饭菜

C.error错误；差错D.mistake错误，失误

【答案】C

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】按照句意“他们不知道如何安装中央供暖系统，但他们通过试验和______设法做到了”，由bytrial可知，bytrialanderror是固定搭配，表示“反复试验”，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A项泛指抽象的过失、过错、责任等，不符合句意；

B项不符合句意；

D项指判断或理解方面的错误，或是由于缺乏思考或疏忽而造成的错误，不符合句意。

【句意】他们不知道如何安装中央供暖系统，但他们通过反复试验设法做到了。

12.单选题

Inthewinter,reptilesappeartoverysluggish.

问题1选项

A.stupid

B.listless

C.heavy

D.solitary

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.stupid愚蠢的；糊涂的B.listless没有活力的；无精打采的

C.heavy重的D.solitary单独的；孤独的

【答案】B

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】划线词形容的是冬天的爬行动物，原词sluggish“迟缓的；懒洋洋的”，原句表达的是“爬行动物在冬天行动迟缓，没有活力”。因此，B选项listless“没有活力的；无精打采的”最接近原句句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原句句意。

【句意】在冬天，爬行动物似乎行动迟缓。

13.单选题

Withthenumberofprivatecarsincreasing,themainstreetsareoften___duringtherushhour.

问题1选项

A.clattered

B.propped

C.clogged

D.hindered

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项clattered“发出哗啦声；喧闹的谈笑”；B选项propped“支撑；放置；用……撑住（某物）；（马等挺直前腿）骤停”；C选项clogged“阻塞；障碍（表示交通堵塞）”；D选项hindered“阻碍；打扰（让某人做某事或某事发生困难）”。句意：随着私家车数量的增加，主要街道在高峰时间经常___。本句表达“主街道竟然在高峰期堵塞”，因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Themagicianpicked（）severalfromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.

问题1选项

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.atrandom

D.onaverage

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。byaccident“偶然，意外地”；onoccasion“有时，偶尔”；atrandom“随便地，随机地，任意地”；onaverage“平均，普通”。魔术师应该是随机地挑选几位观众来帮助他完成表演。选项C符合句意。

15.问答题

DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablish

families.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomen

A

andbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundredyearsofsteady

B

C

decline,producingthe"babyboom."

D

【答案】试题答案：B;high

【解析】考查形容词。此处表示他们把男女的婚龄降了下来，使出生率达到了20世纪的高峰。height是名词，一般表示“高度”；high是形容词，一般表示“很高的”，修饰名词。

16.填空题

Directions:Belowisapassageaboutclimatechange.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesontheANSWERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

VolcanoesMayBeSlowingDownClimateChangeTheplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredictedanditcouldbethatsulfuremissionsfromvolcanoesareblockingsunlight,coolingtheEarth.Smallvolcaniceruptionsmightbepartofthereasonwhythepaceofglobalwarminghasn’tkeptupwithprevious66anewstudypublishedinNature.Eruptionsofatleast17volcanoessince2000,includingKasatochiinAlaskaandMerapiinIndonesia,seemtohavehadacoolinginfluenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceand_67atmosphere.Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown68littlewarming.Thisso-called‘hiatus’puzzledresearchersaroundtheglobehavebeenworkingtounderstandthisphenomenon.“Thehiatusisafascinatingdetectivestory,’’saystheleadauthorofthestudy.“Whatweshowisthatevenwithoutanycomputermodelcalculationsthereisaclear69oftheseearlyvolcanicactivityhavingeffectsontemperaturesandonthereflectedsunlightoftheatmosphere,”saystheleadofthestudy.Researchshowsthatlargevolcaniceruptionsinjectsulfurdioxidegasintothestratosphere.Thegasformstinydropletsofsulfuricacid,alsoknownas“volcanicaerosols,”thatcanblocksunlight.Thatcoolingeffecthasbeenlargely70byclimatescientistsuntilnow,butitseemstopartlyoffsetthewarningfromhuman-causedchangesingreenhousegases.

【答案】66.predictions

67.lower

68.relatively

69.signal

70.ignored

【解析】66.考查上下文语境。根据Theplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredicted（地球并没有像气候模型预测的那样变暖）中的predicted可知此处应该是predictions.句意：《自然》杂志上发表的一项新研究表明，小型火山爆发可能是全球变暖速度没有跟上之前预测的一致的部分原因。

67.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个形容词。选项中能与atmosphere搭配的形容词是lower，influenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceandloweratmosphere（对地球表面和低层大气的温度的影响）符合句意。

68.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个程度副词修饰little表示“相当小”。根据句子Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown…littlewarming.（在过去，研究人员观察到温室气体水平的增加和全球变暖，但在过去的15年里，地球表面的温度几乎没有显示出相当小的变暖迹象），可知应该填入relatively程度副词。

69.考查句子结构和语法。前面有不定冠词a和形容词clear,此处应该填入一个单数名词，选项里面只有signal符合。句意：我们所展示的是，即使没有任何计算机模型计算，也有明确的信号表明，这些早期的火山活动对温度和大气反射的阳光产生了影响。

70.

考查句子结构和语态。根据hasbeenlargely…by判断，这里是一个被动语态，需要填动词的过去分词，选项里面只有ignored是过去分词。句意：到目前为止，这种降温效应在很大程度上一直被气候科学家所忽视。

17.单选题

Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.

Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetanappointmentatshortnoticewhencold-calling,andthatpatientswitharegularsourceofcaregetbettercare,evenwhentheyareuninsured.Whilesomeinternistshaveadditionaltrainingincardiologyorrheumatology,shewenton,primarycarephysiciansalsohaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor.Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.Next,reviewthelistofdoctorsinyourhealthplan.Considertheirlocationaswellastheirhospitalaffiliations.Youmaywanttocross-checkyourhealthplan’slistwithatopdoctorslistforyourarea;theselists(oftenpublishedinregionalmagazineslikeNewYorkandNewJerseyMonthly)areusuallygeneratedbysurveyingphysicians.

Checkwithyourhealthplantoseewhetherithasgoodinformationonindividualphysicians(mostdon’t,butmanyareworkingonit).GoodqualitymeasuresincludeNationalCommitteeonQualityAssuranceaccreditationaboutwhetherdoctorsmeetcriteriaforcareforspecificconditionslikebackpainordiabetes,andtheHealthcareEffectivenessDataInformationSet,whichfocusesonadherencetoclinicalguidelines,likeprescribingabetablockerafteraheartattack.Somehealthplansalsooffernetworksofhigh-performingor“honorroll”physicians;askaboutthecriteria.

Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.(Tofindalocation,seeunder“FindHelp”，ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.)

Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours,whethertheofficeleavestimeopentoschedulesame-dayappointmentsforurgentcare,whetherwaitingtimesarereasonableandwhetherthedoctorisinsolopracticeoragrouppractice.(Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.)Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.

Onthecrucialquestionofwhetheryouarecomfortab