英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)课件

英语句子成分英语句子成分14种基本成分+2种修饰成分基本成分主语谓语动词宾语补足语修饰成分状语（用来修饰动词[状语修饰对象不限于动词]）定语（用来修饰名词）4种基本成分+2种修饰成分基本成分2关系图句子成分基本成分修饰成分核心成分谓语成分主语谓语宾语补语直接宾语间接宾语主语补足语（表语）宾语补足语定语（修饰名词）状语（修饰动词）关系图句子成分基本成分修饰成分核心成分谓语成分主语谓语宾语补3句子成分属性主语、宾语名词性的谓语动词性的补足语名词性的或形容词性的状语副词性的定语形容词性的句子成分属性主语、宾语名词性的谓语动词性的补足语名词性的或形45种基本句型-动词决定句型动词类型5种基本句型不及物动词1.不带宾语主+谓及物动词2.带一个宾语主+谓+直宾3.带两个宾语主+谓+间宾+直宾4.带宾语和宾语补足语主+谓+直宾+宾补系动词5.带主语补足语主+谓（系）+表Herlovedied.Shelovedme.Shegavemeakiss.Shemademehappy.Sheislovable.5种基本句型-动词决定句型动词类型5种基本句型不及物动5动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语和定语填补动词的语义空缺。动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状6给下列短文划分句子成分。LosersLookforQuickFixes Therearetwowaysofgettingridofweedsinyouryard:theeasywayandthenot-so-easyway.(1)Theeasywaymaybetorunalawnmowerand(2)theyardlooksfineforawhile,butthatisatemporaryanswer.Soontheweedsareback.But(3)thenot-so-easywaymaymeangettingdownonyourhandsandkneesandpullingouttheweedsbytheroots.Itistime-consumingandpainful,but(4)theweedswillstayawayforalongertime.(5)Thefirstsolutionappearedeasy,but(6)theproblemremained.Thesecondsolutionwasnotsoeasy,buttookcareoftheproblemfromtheroots.(7)Thekeyistogettherootoftheproblem. Thesamethingistrueofourattitudeinlife.Theproblemwithpeopletodayisthat(8)theywantinstantanswer.(9)Theyarelookingforone-minutesolutionstoeverything.Justlikeinstantcoffee,theywantinstanthappiness.Therearenoquickfixes.(10)Thisattitudeleadstodisappointmentorevenfailure.给下列短文划分句子成分。LosersLookforQu7Theeasywaymaybetorunalawnmowertheyardlooks

fine

forawhilethenot-so-easywaymaymeangettingdownonyourhandsandkneesandpullingouttheweedsbytheroots.theweedswillstayawayforalongertime.Thefirstsolutionappeared

easy,主主主主主表/主补表/主补时间状语表/主补时间状语谓谓谓谓谓宾Theeasywaymaybetorunal8theproblemremained.Thekeyis

togettherootoftheproblem.theywant

instantanswer.Theyarelookingforone-minutesolutions（toeverything）.Thisattitudeleadstodisappointmentorevenfailure.主谓主主主主谓谓谓谓表/主补宾宾宾宾补定theproblemremained.主谓主主主主谓谓9主语–谓语动作的执行者主语可以省略。主语的形式结构：Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名词）

Helikesdancing.

（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)

Seeingisbelieving.

（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

主语–谓语动作的执行者主语可以省略。10宾语–动作的承受者动宾IlikeChina.（名词）

Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.

（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.

宾语–动作的承受者动宾11谓语–说明主语的动作、状态和特征必不可少；决定句子结构；谓语的形式结构-动词WestudyEnglish.

Helikesplayingthegames.

谓语–说明主语的动作、状态和特征必不可少；12宾语–动作的承受者动宾IlikeChina.（名词）

Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.

（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?

双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.

宾语–动作的承受者动宾13补语–补充说明名词的成分，通常出现在主语或宾语后边。宾语补足语.

主语补足语（表语）；补足语的形式结构：Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名词）

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.

(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）Hewaselectedmonitor.

Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.补语–补充说明名词的成分，通常出现在主语或宾语后边。宾语14系动词befeel,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear,become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,comecontinue,remain,stay,keep系动词be15状语-状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。Theboyneedsapenverymuch.（程度状语）Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother.（宾语较长则状语前置）Theboyreallyneedsapen.（程度状语）Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen.（时间状语）

Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.（地点状语）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.(条件状语)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.(时间状语)

Hesitsthere,askingforapen.（表示伴随状态）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.（原因状语）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly.（原因状语）

Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.（目的状语）Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.

（目的状语）

状语-状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、16定语–修饰名词TheboyThecuteboyThecuteboyinbluejeansThecuteboywearingbluejeansThecuteboywhoiswearingbluejeans

ismybrother.定语–修饰名词Theboyismybrother.17同位语–名词短语的补语成分名词才有同位语；同位语即名词补足语；省略同位语，句子意思完整。Myuncle,mymother’sbrother,diedofcancerwhenhewas47.Ihavenoideawhentheywillbebackandsettledown.同位语–名词短语的补语成分名词才有同位语；18Moreexercise–划分句子成分。1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.---Iloveyoumorethanherchild．8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Moreexercise–划分句子成分。1.Our19Moreexercise–划分句子成分。11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.20.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.Moreexercise–划分句子成分。11.He20Moreexercise–划分句子成分。21.ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany．22.Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatit'shardformetofindhim．23.Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitthismonth.24.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.25.Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo.26.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.27.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?28Maryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher.29.Doyouknowthelatestnewsabouthim?30.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.Moreexercise–划分句子成分。21.The21Key答案分析下列句子成分1.主语＋系动词＋表语

2.主语＋系动词＋表语

3.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语

4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语5.主语＋及物动词＋宾语

6.主语＋动词＋形式宾语it＋宾语补足语+宾语7.主语＋及物动词＋宾语

8.主语＋系动词＋表语

9.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语

10.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语11.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

12主语＋及物动词＋宾语13.主语＋及物动词＋宾语

14.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语15.主语＋系动词＋表语

16.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语17.主语＋系动词＋表语

18.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语19.主语＋不及物动词

20.主语＋不及物动词21.主语＋系动词＋表语

22.主语＋系动词＋表语

23.主语＋及物动词＋宾语

24.主语＋不及物动词

25.主语＋及物动词＋宾语

26.主语＋不及物动词

27.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

28.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

29.主语＋及物动词＋宾语

30.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语Key答案分析下列句子成分22英语句子成分英语句子成分234种基本成分+2种修饰成分基本成分主语谓语动词宾语补足语修饰成分状语（用来修饰动词[状语修饰对象不限于动词]）定语（用来修饰名词）4种基本成分+2种修饰成分基本成分24关系图句子成分基本成分修饰成分核心成分谓语成分主语谓语宾语补语直接宾语间接宾语主语补足语（表语）宾语补足语定语（修饰名词）状语（修饰动词）关系图句子成分基本成分修饰成分核心成分谓语成分主语谓语宾语补25句子成分属性主语、宾语名词性的谓语动词性的补足语名词性的或形容词性的状语副词性的定语形容词性的句子成分属性主语、宾语名词性的谓语动词性的补足语名词性的或形265种基本句型-动词决定句型动词类型5种基本句型不及物动词1.不带宾语主+谓及物动词2.带一个宾语主+谓+直宾3.带两个宾语主+谓+间宾+直宾4.带宾语和宾语补足语主+谓+直宾+宾补系动词5.带主语补足语主+谓（系）+表Herlovedied.Shelovedme.Shegavemeakiss.Shemademehappy.Sheislovable.5种基本句型-动词决定句型动词类型5种基本句型不及物动27动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语和定语填补动词的语义空缺。动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状28给下列短文划分句子成分。LosersLookforQuickFixes Therearetwowaysofgettingridofweedsinyouryard:theeasywayandthenot-so-easyway.(1)Theeasywaymaybetorunalawnmowerand(2)theyardlooksfineforawhile,butthatisatemporaryanswer.Soontheweedsareback.But(3)thenot-so-easywaymaymeangettingdownonyourhandsandkneesandpullingouttheweedsbytheroots.Itistime-consumingandpainful,but(4)theweedswillstayawayforalongertime.(5)Thefirstsolutionappearedeasy,but(6)theproblemremained.Thesecondsolutionwasnotsoeasy,buttookcareoftheproblemfromtheroots.(7)Thekeyistogettherootoftheproblem. Thesamethingistrueofourattitudeinlife.Theproblemwithpeopletodayisthat(8)theywantinstantanswer.(9)Theyarelookingforone-minutesolutionstoeverything.Justlikeinstantcoffee,theywantinstanthappiness.Therearenoquickfixes.(10)Thisattitudeleadstodisappointmentorevenfailure.给下列短文划分句子成分。LosersLookforQu29Theeasywaymaybetorunalawnmowertheyardlooks

fine

forawhilethenot-so-easywaymaymeangettingdownonyourhandsandkneesandpullingouttheweedsbytheroots.theweedswillstayawayforalongertime.Thefirstsolutionappeared

easy,主主主主主表/主补表/主补时间状语表/主补时间状语谓谓谓谓谓宾Theeasywaymaybetorunal30theproblemremained.Thekeyis

togettherootoftheproblem.theywant

instantanswer.Theyarelookingforone-minutesolutions（toeverything）.Thisattitudeleadstodisappointmentorevenfailure.主谓主主主主谓谓谓谓表/主补宾宾宾宾补定theproblemremained.主谓主主主主谓谓31主语–谓语动作的执行者主语可以省略。主语的形式结构：Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名词）

Helikesdancing.

（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)

Seeingisbelieving.

（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

主语–谓语动作的执行者主语可以省略。32宾语–动作的承受者动宾IlikeChina.（名词）

Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.

（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.

宾语–动作的承受者动宾33谓语–说明主语的动作、状态和特征必不可少；决定句子结构；谓语的形式结构-动词WestudyEnglish.

Helikesplayingthegames.

谓语–说明主语的动作、状态和特征必不可少；34宾语–动作的承受者动宾IlikeChina.（名词）

Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.

（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?

双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.

宾语–动作的承受者动宾35补语–补充说明名词的成分，通常出现在主语或宾语后边。宾语补足语.

主语补足语（表语）；补足语的形式结构：Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名词）

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.

(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）Hewaselectedmonitor.

Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.补语–补充说明名词的成分，通常出现在主语或宾语后边。宾语36系动词befeel,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear,become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,comecontinue,remain,stay,keep系动词be37状语-状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。Theboyneedsapenverymuch.（程度状语）Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother.（宾语较长则状语前置）Theboyreallyneedsapen.（程度状语）Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen.（时间状语）

Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.（地点状语）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.(条件状语)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.(时间状语)

Hesitsthere,askingforapen.（表示伴随状态）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.（原因状语）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly.（原因状语）

Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.（目的状语）Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.

（目的状语）

状语-状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、38定语–修饰名词TheboyThecuteboyThecuteboyinbluejeansThecuteboywearingbluejeansThecuteboywhoiswearingbluejeans

ismybrother.定语–修饰名词Theboyismybrother.39同位语–名词短语的补语成分名词才有同位语；同位语即名词补足语；省略同位语，句子意思完整。Myuncle,mymother’sbrother,diedofcancerwhenhewas47.Ihavenoideawhentheywillbebackandsettledown.同位语–名词短语的补语成分名词才有同位语；40Moreexercise–划分句子成分。1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.---Iloveyoumorethanherchild．8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Moreexercise–划分句子成分。1.Our41Moreexercise–划分句子成分。11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.Heaskedustosing